Download or read book Treatment Options and Flow Sheets for ORNL Low level Liquid Waste Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level liquid waste (LLLW) is currently contained in ten 50,000-gal storage and process tanks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and as residual heels in an number of older tanks that are no longer in active use. Plans are being formulated to treat these wastes, along with similar LLLW that will be generated in the future, to yield decontaminated effluents that can be disposed of and stable solid waste forms that can be permanently stored. The primary purpose of this report is to summarize the performance of the most promising separations processes that are appropriate for treatment of the LLLW supernate solution to remove the two dominant radionuclides, 137Cs and 9°Sr; to indicate how they can be integrated into an effective flowsheet; and to estimate the expected performance of such flowsheets in comparison to waste treatment requirements.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development Studies for the Treatment of ORNL Low level Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental program is under way to investigate potential separation methods for application to specific problems relating to the management of low-level liquid wastes (LLLWs) at ORNL. This report summarizes experimental results that were acquired during fiscal year 1990 and have not been previously reported elsewhere. Measurements are presented for cesium and strontium removal from simulated high-salt waste compositions, using both inorganic ion- exchange sorbents and organic ion-exchange resins, and for one experiment with actual LLLW supernate solution from Melton Valley Storage Tank W-26, using inorganic sorbents. The purpose of the study was to acquire an extensive data base to support the development of flowsheets for decontamination of the LLLW currently stored at ORNL. Experimental measurements with inorganic ion exchangers focused on batch separations of cesium using several transition-metal hexacyanoferrate(2) compositions (ferrocyanides) and of strontium using titanium oxide-based sorbents. Cesium distribution coefficients in the range of 1 x 106 were generally observed with nickel and cobalt ferrocyanides at pH values (less-than or equal to)11, yielding DFs of about 100 with 100 ppm sorbent in a single-stage batch separation. Most organic ion-exchange resins are not very effective for cesium removal from such high salt concentrations, but a new resorcinol-based resin developed at the Savannah River Site was found to be considerably superior to any other such material tested. Several chelating resins were effective for removing strontium from the waste simulants. An ion-exchange column test successfully demonstrated the simultaneous removal of both cesium and strontium from a waste simulant solution.
Download or read book Treatment Requirements for Decontamination of ORNL Low level Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have been made to provide data for the development of improved processes for decontaminating low-level liquid wastes (LLLWs) that exist and continue to be generated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The concept underlying this work is that there is a net benefit if the major radionuclides (137Cs, 134Cs, 9°Sr, and actinides) can be separated into small volumes, thereby reducing the activity of the bulk of the waste so that it can be disposed of or managed at a lower total cost. Data-base calculations on the LLLW supernate and sludges contained in the active Melton Valley Storage Tanks and evaporator storage and service tanks are essential in order to define and determine the extent of the problem. These calculations indicate to what extent alpha- and beta-gamma-emitting radionuclides must be removed and/or treated before final disposition of the waste can be made. They also show that many of the inorganic constitutents (e.g., regulated metals and nitrate) and minor radionuclides such as 14C and actinides (in terms of quantity present) must be removed before the LLLW can be disposed of as either liquid to the environment or solidified and disposed of as solid NUS Class L-1 or L-2 LLW. 25 refs., 31 tabs.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Pretreatment of Nuclear Waste for Disposal written by E.P. Horwitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical pretreatment of nuclear wastes refers to the sequence of separations processes used to partition such wastes into a small volume of high-level waste for deep geologic disposal and a larger volume of low-level waste for disposal in a near-surface facility. Pretreatment of nuclear wastes now stored at several U. S. Department of Energy sites ranges from simple solid-liquid separations to more complex chemical steps, such as dissolution of sludges and removal of selected radionuclides, e. g. , 90Sr, 99Tc, 137CS, and TRU (transuranium) elements. The driving force for development of chemical pretreatment processes for nuclear wastes is the economic advantage of waste minimization as reflected in lower costs for near-surface disposal compared to the high cost of disposing of wastes in a deep geologic repository. This latter theme is expertly and authoritatively discussed in the introductory paper by J. and L. Bell. Seven papers in this volume describe several separations processes developed or being developed to pretreat the large volume of nuclear wastes stored at the US DOE Hanford and Savannah River sites. These papers include descriptions of the type and amount of important nuclear wastes stored at the Hanford and Savannah River sites as well as presently envisioned strategies for their treatment and final disposal. A paper by Strachan et al. discusses chemical and radiolytic mechanisms for the formation and release of potentially explosive hydrogen gas in Tank 241-SY-101 at the Hanford site.
Download or read book Alternative High Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-01-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ORNL Liquid Low level Waste Solidification written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solidification of LLLW at ORNL has developed two basic strategies, a near-term or backup flowsheet is planned to alleviate the immediate capacity problem for storage of concentrated LLLW and a long-term or reference flowsheet is planned to incorporate filtration of the settleable TRU and cesium and strontium decontamination of the LLLW. Presently a feasibility study is evaluating the process alternatives for segregating LLLW from remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) sludges, decontamination of the LLLW for beta-gamma radionuclides such as cesium and strontium, and the handling and storage of the RH-TRU sludges and decontamination media. 14 refs.
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment Options for Low level Radiologically Contaminated ORNL Filtercake written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water softening sludge (>4000 stored low level contaminated drums; 600 drums per year) generated by the ORNL Process Waste Treatment Plant must be treated, stabilized, and placed in safe storage/disposal. The sludge is primarily CaCO3 and is contaminated by low levels of 9°Sr and 137Cs. In this study, microwave sintering and calcination were evaluated for treating the sludge. The microwave melting experiments showed promise: volume reductions were significant (3-5X), and the waste form was durable with glass additives (LiOH, fly ash). A commercial vendor using surrogate has demonstrated a melt mineralization process that yields a dense monolithic waste form with a volume reduction factor (VR) of 7.7. Calcination of the sludge at 850-900 C yielded a VR of 2.5. Compaction at 4500 psi increased the VR to 4.2, but the compressed form is not dimensionally stable. Addition of paraffin helped consolidate fines and yielded a VR of 3.5. In conclusion, microwave melting or another form of vitrification is likely to be the best method; however for immediate implementation, the calculation/compaction/waxing process is viable.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-02 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment of ORNL Process Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the shutdown of the hydrofracture process at ORNL, intensive efforts were made to reduce contaminated liquid waste generation rates. Treatment of slightly radioactive process waste has been dramatically improved. The volume of secondary, radioactively contaminated waste streams and the concentration of pollutants discharged to the environment have been reduced. Further improvements, based on results of research and development, are planned. The future value of alternative flowsheets will be compared with process flexibility to determine the optimal upgrade to the treatment plant. 1 ref., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Download or read book Low level Liquid Waste Decontamination by Ion Exchange written by David Owen Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
