Download or read book Treatment of Trace Organic Contaminants and Nutrients in Open Water Unit Process Wetlands written by Justin Thomas Jasper and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment wetlands are becoming an increasing popular approach for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater effluent due to their low cost and energy requirements, as well as the ancillary benefits they provide. Recently, they have also been considered as a means of removing wastewater-derived trace organic contaminants. Initial studies of the removal of trace organic contaminants in treatment wetlands indicate that removal is often insignificant and is highly variable among systems. Efforts to improve wetland treatment efficiency have been hampered by a limited understanding of trace organic contaminant removal mechanisms. In this research, a novel type of wetland, consisting of a shallow cell lined with geotextile fabric to prevent the growth of emergent macrophytes, is considered for the removal of wastewater-derived trace organic contaminants and nutrients. When combined with other types of wetland cells in a unit process fashion (i.e., wetland cells designed to remove specific contaminants are arranged in series), open-water unit process wetlands may provide a basis for using treatment wetlands to remove a wide range of trace organic contaminants from municipal wastewater effluent. To understand how open-water treatment wetlands could be integrated with other types of wetland cells in unit process wetlands, the treatment wetland literature was critically reviewed (Chapter 2). Removal mechanisms of trace organic contaminants and pathogens in treatment wetlands were considered, including sorption, biotransformation, photolysis, sedimentation, predation, and photoinactivation. Methods of enhancing these mechanisms in unit process wetland cells were also identified, both in commonly employed vegetated cells and through the development of novel wetland configurations, such as open-water cells. To further optimize unit process wetlands, the arrangement of wetland cells was evaluated. The application of the unit process concept to a wide range of wastewater contaminants has the potential to make treatment wetlands a more attractive component of urban water infrastructure. To assess the ability of open-water cells to exploit sunlight photolysis to remove trace organic contaminants from municipal wastewater effluent, a photochemical model was calibrated using measured photolysis rates for atenolol, carbamazepine, propranolol, and sulfamethoxazole in wetland water under representative conditions (Chapter 3). Contaminant transformation by hydroxyl radical and carbonate radical were predicted from steady-state radical concentrations measured at pH values between 8 and 10. Direct photolysis rates and the effects of light screening by dissolved organic matter on photolysis rates were estimated using solar irradiance data, contaminant quantum yields, and light screening factors. The model was applied to predict the land area required to achieve 90% removal of a suite of wastewater-derived organic contaminants by sunlight-induced reactions under a variety of conditions. Results suggest that during summer, open-water cells that receive a million gallons per day of nitrified wastewater effluent can remove 90% of most compounds in an area comparable to existing full-scale wetland systems. The bottoms of open-water wetland cells are rapidly colonized by a biomat consisting of an assemblage of photosynthetic and heterotrophic microorganisms. To assess the contribution of biotransformation in this system to the overall attenuation of trace organic contaminants, transformation rates of test compounds measured in microcosms were compared with attenuation rates measured in a pilot-scale system (Chapter 4). Biotransformation was the dominant removal mechanism in the pilot-scale system for atenolol, metoprolol, and trimethoprim, while sulfamethoxazole and propranolol were attenuated mainly via photolysis. In microcosm experiments, biotransformation rates increased for metoprolol and propranolol when algal photosynthesis was supported by irradiation with visible light. Biotransformation rates increased for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the dark, when microbial respiration depleted dissolved oxygen concentrations within the biomat. These observations are consistent with previous studies in wastewater treatment plants and wetlands at different dissolved oxygen concentrations. During summer, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol were rapidly attenuated in the pilot-scale system (t1/2 0.5 d), trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were transformed more slowly (t1/2 H"1.5-2 d), and carbamazepine was recalcitrant (t1/230 d). The combination of biotransformation and photolysis resulted in overall transformation rates that were 10 to 100 times faster than those previously measured in vegetated wetlands. In addition to removing trace organic contaminants, the diffuse biomat formed on the bottom of open-water wetland cells provides conditions conducive to NO3- removal via microbial denitrification, as well as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). To assess this process, nitrogen cycling was evaluated over a 3-year period in an open-water wetland cell (Chapter 5). Approximately two-thirds of the NO3- entering the cell was removed on an annual basis. Microcosm studies indicated that NO3- removal was mainly attributable to denitrification within the diffuse biomat (i.e., 80"20%), with accretion of assimilated nitrogen accounting for less than 3% of the NO3- removed. The importance of denitrification to NO3- removal was supported by the presence of denitrifying genes (nirS and nirK) within the biomat. While modest when compared to the presence of denitrifying genes, the anammox-specific gene hydrazine synthase (hzs) was detected at higher concentrations near the biomat bottom. This observation, along with the simultaneous presence of ammonium and nitrate in the biomat, suggested that anammox may have been responsible for some of the NO3- removal. The annual temperature-corrected areal first-order NO3- removal rate (k20=59.4"6.2 m yr 1) was higher than values reported for more than 75% of vegetated wetlands treating effluent where NO3- served as the main nitrogen species (e.g., nitrified secondary wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff). Inclusion of shallow, open-water cells in unit-process wetland systems has the potential to provide simultaneous removal of trace organic contaminants (Chapters 3 and 4) and pathogens, in addition to NO3-, in land areas similar to those occupied by existing full-scale treatment wetlands.
Download or read book Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing written by Robert H. Kadlec and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 1155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing represents the most comprehensive and up-date-date resource for the design, construction, and operation of marsh treatment systems. This new edition represents a complete rewrite of the surface flow sections of previous editions of Treatment Wetlands. It is based on the performance hundreds of treatment marshes over the past 40 years. Treatment Marshes focuses on urban and agricultural runoff, river and lake water improvement, and highly treated municipal effluents. New information from the past dozen years is used to improve data interpretation and design concepts. Topics included in this book are Diversity of marsh vegetation Analyses of the human use of treatment marshes New concepts of underground processes and functions Spectrum of marsh values spanning mitigation, restoration, enhancement, and water quality improvement Improved methods for calculation of evapotranspiration and wetland water temperatures Hydraulics of surface and subsurface flows in marshes Analysis of long track records for deterministic and probabilistic behavior Consideration of integrated microbial and vegetative contaminant removals via mass balances Uptake and emission of gases Performance of urban and agricultural wetlands Design procedures for urban and agricultural wetlands Reduction of trace metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and trace organics Updated capital and O&M economics, and valuation of ancillary benefits An updated list of over 1900 references
Download or read book Treatment Wetlands written by Gabriela Dotro and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.
Download or read book Multifunctional Wetlands written by Nidhi Nagabhatla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how natural or constructed wetlands can be used to reduce pollution of freshwater and coastal ecosystems, while still preserving their biodiversity and ecological functions. Through a series of case histories described in 10 chapters in the monograph, the readers will gain an understanding of the opportunities, as well as the challenges associated with reducing point and non-point source pollution using natural, restored or constructed wetlands. The target audience will be water practitioners involved in projects utilizing integrated watershed management approaches to pollution abatement, as well as researchers who are designing projects focused on this topic.
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Download or read book Treatment Wetlands written by Robert H. Kadlec and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Treatment Wetlands, Second Edition is still the most comprehensive resource available for the planning, design, and operation of wetland treatment systems. The book addresses the design, construction, and operation of wetlands for water pollution control. It presents the best current procedures for sizing these syste
Download or read book EPA 625 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Variation of Trace Organic Contaminants in Two Indiana Wetlands written by Stephen Ross Davies and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book The Optimization of Water Treatment Unit Processes for the Removal of Trace Organic Compounds with an Emphasis on the Adsorption Mechanism written by Michael J. McGuire and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Streams and Ground Waters written by Jeremy B. Jones and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-12-06 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Streams around the world flow toward the sea in floodplains. All along this transit, there is exchange of water between the stream itself and the surrounding sediments which form the floodplain. Many chemical, biological, and geological processes occur when water moves back and forth between streams and these flood plain sediments. Streams and Groundwaters focuses on the consequences of water flow between streams, their underlying sediments, and surrounding landscapes. Certain to appeal to anyone interested in stream ecology, the management of stream ecosystems, or landscape ecology, this volume should become a oft-opened reference.
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2017 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Download or read book Nature Based Solutions for Wastewater Treatment written by Katharine Cross and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 2.4 billion people without improved sanitation and another 2.1 billion with inadequate sanitation (i.e. wastewater drains directly into surface waters), and despite improvements over the past decades, the unsafe management of fecal waste and wastewater continues to present a major risk to public health and the environment (UN, 2016). There is growing interest in low cost sanitation solutions which harness natural systems. However, it can be difficult for wastewater utility managers to understand under what conditions such nature-based solutions (NBS) might be applicable and how best to combine traditional infrastructure, for example an activated sludge treatment plant, with an NBS such as treatment wetlands. There is increasing scientific evidence that treatment systems with designs inspired by nature are highly efficient treatment technologies. The cost-effective design and implementation of ecosystems in wastewater treatment is something that exists and has the potential to be further promoted globally as both a sustainable and practical solution. This book serves as a compilation of technical references, case examples and guidance for applying nature-based solutions for treatment of domestic wastewater, and enables a wide variety of stakeholders to understand the design parameters, removal efficiencies, costs, co-benefits for both people and nature and trade-offs for consideration in their local context. Examples through case studies are from across the globe and provide practical insights into the variety of potentially applicable solutions.
Download or read book The Optimization of Water Treatment Unit Processes for the Removal of Trace Organic Compounds with an Emphasis on the Adsorption Mechanism written by Michael John McGuire and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytoremediation of Emerging Contaminants in Wetlands written by Prabhat Kumar Rai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation with wetland plants is an eco-friendly, aesthetically pleasing, cost-effective, solar-driven, passive technique that is useful for cleaning up environmental pollutants with low to moderate levels of contamination.
Download or read book Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
