Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo written by Joffre Swait and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study finds that households' choice of travel modes in Sao Paulo is not very sensitive to pricing. So, subsidies to less polluting modes can hardly be justified on the basis that they would attract traffic from more polluting modes. Several caveats apply.How would travel demand in Sao Paulo respond to demand management instruments? Could higher gasoline prices or lower metro fares (or changes in travel time) help reduce congestion or pollution? Swait and Eskeland use cross-sectional variation from an urban travel survey to study the substitutability in demand between travel modes. The method assumes that the set of trips is given (that is, origin-destination pairs do not change). Choice of mode was found to be quite insensitive to changes: All elasticities were lower than 0.5 in absolute value, and most were close to zero. While the sensitivity of mode choice to relative travel times (that is, speeds) was somewhat greater than that to costs, the general finding is that mode choice is quite inflexible. So, subsidies to less polluting (less congesting) travel modes would not help much in attracting travelers from more polluting (more congesting) modes. (The same holds for subsidized means of making them run faster.) But there are important limitations in the scope of the study. First, the study does not discuss optimal pricing. It merely examines the likely sign and magnitude of the links between pollution and policy parameters such as prices and travel speeds. Second, aggregate demand by mode could also depend on the city's shape and its travel intensity (the number, direction, and length of trips). For example, if a city stretches along a constructed metro line, the study would not capture such a phenomenon, since sensitive trip generation is excluded. These issues are not examined in the study.This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the use of fiscal instruments in environmental protection. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution and the Choice of Economic Policy Instruments in Developing Countries (RPO 676-48).

Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in S o Paulo written by Joffre Dan Swait and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo written by Joffre Swait and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Valuation written by Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion volume to Economic Instruments for Environmental Management presents essential information on the applications of economic valuation to environment and development. It draws on a three-year collaborative effort by research institutions around the world. Authoritative studies review the range of valuation methods used in developing economies, their purposes, the problems encountered and the quality of the results. Topics covered include the value of wildlife viewing, the conservation of rainforests, mangroves and coral reefs, supplying rural water, and controlling urban air pollution. The analysis reveals important methodological and contextual factors, highlighting key lessons and ways of strengthening future valuations. Written to be accessible to non-economists, the book provides source material for students and academics, and for policy-makers and professionals, using valuation methods to frame policy.

Download or read book Environmental Regulaton and Development written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rationing Can Backfire written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tunisia s Insurance Sector written by Dimitri Vittas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roads lands markets and deforestation written by Kenneth Chomitz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stock Market Development and Financial Intermediaries written by Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World Bank Policy Research Bulletin written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Transportation and Urban Environment in Africa written by Mohammed Belhaj and published by Goteborgs Universitet. This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.

Download or read book Essays on Environmental Policy making in Developing Countries written by Francisco Alpízar R. and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environment and Development Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Traveler Behavior and Values 2006 written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by Alberto Bull and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vehicular Air Pollution written by Bekir Onursal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is expected of private financing to help meet the infrastructure requirements of the rapidly growing East Asian economies. Although private financing grew briskly during the 1990s, it represents only a small share of all infrastructure investment in the region (between 12 and 18 percent). This monograph draws on experience in a number of countries in East Asia, as well as Australia, Chile, and India, to analyze the impediments to and prospects for private financing of infrastructure. The chapters discuss the choices available to policymakers and the strategies that governments have followed. An overview chapter describes recent trends in international financing of infrastructure projects in the region, discusses the key policy and institutional impediments to greater private participation, and assesses the role of domestic capital markets and finance. It also outlines a national and regional strategy for stimulating private investment in infrastructure. The case studies from countries outside East Asia illustrate the payoffs of increased integration and concerted moves toward private provision of infrastructure.