Download or read book Transport of Bacteria in Column for in Situ Bioremediation Application written by Wei Tao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absence of bacteria capable of degrading pollutants and the shortage of oxygen in contaminated soil have been identified as key factors that can limit the efficiency of in situ bioremediation. Inoculating contaminated soils with exogenous bacteria and oxygen purging are common approaches for stimulating in situ bioremediation. The use of surfactant and microbubble offers a way of addressing these limitations by promoting bacteria transport while at the same time providing oxygen. This study investigates the effect of surfactant solution and surfactant microbubble on bacteria transport in sand columns with the aim of understanding the factors and mechanisms that affect bacteria transport in soil. This study also introduces an innovative measurement probe, the optrode, for in situ monitoring of bacteria distribution. Rhamnolipid and tergitol were used as surfactant in this study, and Pseudomonas putida (a hydrophilic bacterium) and Rhodococcus erythropolis (a hydrophobic bacterium) were the chosen bacteria. The different types of surfactant altered bacterial hydrophobicity to differing extents but had an equivalent effect on the hydrophobicity of sand particles. In the presence of surfactant solution, a higher proportion of hydrophilic P. putida (76.7%) was eluted out of the column compared to the hydrophobic R. erythropolis (60.3%). Both rhamnolipid and tergitol enhanced the transport of both bacterial strains. However, the larger enhancement in bacteria transport observed for rhamnolipid was attributed to increased Lifshitz-van der Waals and acid-base (LW-AB) interaction energies between bacteria and sand particles. A continuous supply of microbubbles was found able to transport bacteria into the soil using a smaller amount of surfactant. In comparison to a propeller mixer, microbubbles generated by a flat spinning disc mixer were more stable and could elute a greater proportion of bacteria. Microbubbles of rhamnolipid eluted a greater percentage of the injected bacteria compared to tergitol, because rhamnolipid microbubbles showed more stability and higher affinity for bacteria. Hydrophilic P. putida was more likely to be transported with microbubble than hydrophobic R. erythropolis due to the favourable adhesion of hydrophobic R. erythropolis to sand particles. Bacterial transport increased considerably in porous media with higher porosity. Bacteria transport in columns was monitored using both ex situ measurement with a microplate photometer and in situ measurement with the optrode. The optrode measurement demonstrated that sample collection, which is necessary for measurement with conventional ex situ approaches, could affect the local bacterial transport in sand columns. In columns with ex situ sampling, optrode measurements differed from the ex situ concentrations, with the breakthrough curves for optrode showing smaller bacterial concentrations and a larger lag than those obtained via ex situ measurements. However, when the optrode and ex situ measurements were conducted in independent columns, their concentrations and breakthrough curves were almost identical. The transport parameters obtained by fitting the breakthrough curves showed that estimates from the optrode data were more consistent with less error. This study provides very useful information on bacteria transport with surfactant solutions and microbubbles in sand columns simulating soil environment. It has demonstrated that optimizing parameters including surfactant type and form, and bacteria strain can contribute to enhanced bacteria transport when surfactant solution and microbubble are used as the bacteria carrier during soil bioremediation. This study also validates the operation of an innovative technique, the optrode, for real time monitoring of bacteria transport without the need to take bacterial samples.

Download or read book Environmental Research Brief In situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Using Burkholderia Cepacia G4 Etc EPA 600 S 98 008 July 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediationâ€"the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminantsâ€"is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students.

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.

Download or read book Model Systems for in Situ Bioremediation written by Belinda May Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation has emerged as a promising treatment approach for restoring contaminated environments, where microorganisms degrade organic pollutants into non-harmful end products. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a hazardous class of pollutants which have accumulated in soils as a by-product of fossil fuel use. A growing field of research is investigating ways to enhance bioremediation as strategy for removing PAHs from soil environments, where the principal limiting factors for biological degradation activity are pollutant/microbe interaction and the ability of an organism to catabolise a pollutant. A number of engineered treatment approaches aim to address these limits by improving PAH bioavailability and stimulating microbial degradation activity; such as the bioaugmentation of soils with live bacteria degrader cultures and the application of surface acting agents in liquid and microbubble form. However, progress in this field has been limited, as bioremediation processes have not been well characterised at a cellular or molecular scale. Recent advances in microbiology and genetics have allowed for the creation of fluorescent biological sensor organisms which can be engineered to produce a signal response in association with a specific cellular activity. This research presents proof of concept for application of a novel fibre optic 'Optrode' fluorescence detection system to monitor biological activity in model soil column environments. A new strain of naphthalene degrading bacteria was engineered for use in this research, from which fluorescent biosensor strains were developed using recombinant gene technology. Biosensors were detectable at levels commonly reported at bioremediation treatment sites, and were identified in model bench-scale soil columns using the Optrode system. Recent studies suggest that surfactant microbubble foams may enhance bacterial transport and pollutant availability in bioremediation scenarios, however there has been no investigation in regards to the behaviour of these substances in the soil environments. Bench scale-soil columns were developed in order to investigate and compare the fate of biosurfactant solutions, foams, biosensor bacteria and naphthalene in model subsurface environments using advection-dispersion models. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant solution was found to significantly improve hydraulic conductivity and bacterial advection in packed porous media. Naphthalene was highly immobile in surfactant solution, and model results suggest that a major aspect of naphthalene adsorption loss was due to adhesion with micellar structures in the soil column. Advection-dispersion models were used to describe the distribution of Rhamnolipid microbubble foams in soil columns, which constitutes a crucial first step in characterising the behaviour and distribution of biosurfactant microbubble foams in subsurface environments. Breakthrough models suggest that the liquid and gaseous phases of microbubble foams have different fates in the soil column, and their distribution may be better described using a two phase flow system. Best fits for advection dispersion models suggest that while solute distribution in foam is restricted to the liquid phase, bacteria interact with both the liquid and gaseous phases, so their transport through soil column environments may be enhanced even when liquid drainage occurs. This research demonstrates that a combined approach of bench-scale soil column modelling and in situ monitoring of biological activity is able to characterise real-time biodegradation processes at a fine scale. The development of a comprehensive system for investigating and optimising bioremediation is an important aspect of enhancing the progression of treatment strategies into successful field application.

Download or read book Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by Bruce E. Rittmann and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1994-12-31 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical review of the status of in situ bioremediation, which is used to clean up contaminated groundwater aquifers and surface soils, has been organized according to possibilities and restrictions. Possibilities are based on present knowledge and indicate that in situ bioremediation can achieve decontamination of aquifers and soils. Restrictions encompass the scientific, engineering, legal, and other questions that stand in the way of successful development and application of in situ bioremediation. Although much has been written about bioremediation, this critical review is unique because it is comprehensive, critical, and integrated. This situation was no accident; the organization of the authorship team and the report's contents were designed to achieve each of the three attributes. Combining a good plan, outstanding individuals contributing, and an incredible amount of work, they created a critical review that defines the technical and non-technical issues that will determine how much of an impact in situ bioremediation makes on solving the world's challenges for cleanup of our legacy of improperly disposed of materials. Readers of this review will find the issues identified and connected. They will have a solid foundation for research, application, or evaluation of in situ bioremediation in the future.

Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.

Download or read book Method Efficiency and Signal Quantification of Bacteria for a Groundwater Transport Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial transport is a key process in delivery of microbes to contaminated sites for bioremediation of chemicals. However, relatively little is known about the geochemical and hydrologic factors controlling the mobility of bacteria and viruses within subsurface systems. Laboratory-scale column studies have provided useful information (Harvey et al, 1989, 1993). However, successful application to in situ remediation will require that one identify and understand properties relevant to transport in aquifers. Only through field experiments can one evaluate the scales of physical and chemical heterogeneity in natural aquifers that affect the transport of microbiota in ways not predicted from experiments conducted at the laboratory-scale. Bacterial transport field experiments cannot be replicated as can column experiments. Rigorous testing of experimental hypotheses will require comparisons of the mobility of multiple strains with contrasting transport properties under identical field conditions. Consequently, a technique is needed to permit the transport of multiple strains of bacteria to be monitored simultaneously in a single field experiment. Molecular techniques can also detect very low levels of injected bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used successfully for the detection of microorganisms. This paper explores the use of PCR for identifying and enumerating the arrival of several individual strains of bacteria at monitoring wells downgradient of an experimental tracer injection well.

Download or read book Understanding Contaminant Transport to Model and Quantify Bioremediation in the Microbial Filters Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficacy of in situ bioremediation remains difficult to quantitatively demonstrate. One aim of the microbial filters project is to evaluate the in situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes such as trichloroethylene (TCE). To meet this need, a downhole treatability tool was developed to enable us to assess field biodegradation applications. A tracer lab experiment run in a column of the downhole treatability tool combined with tracer data analyzed from a microbial filters field test were used to understand the flow of water through porous media in the lab and in the field. A spreadsheet template was written to evaluate the contaminant transport equations and predict breakthrough curves of the tracer and TCE. The resulting tracer curve correlated well with experimental data and will lay the foundation for experiments performed with bacteria to assess the extent of bioremediation.

Download or read book Handbook of Bioremediation written by Robert D. Norris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-10-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading soil and ground-water remediation scientists, Handbook of Bioremediation presents information regarding the processes, application, and limitations of using remediation technologies to restore contaminated soil and ground water. It covers field-tested technologies, site characterization requirements for each remediation technology, and the costs associated with their implementation. In addition to discussions and examples of developed technologies, the book provides insights into technologies ranging from theoretical concepts to limited field-scale investigations. In situ remediation systems, air sparging and bioventing, the use of electron acceptors other than oxygen, natural bioremediation, and the introduction of organisms into the subsurface are among the specific topics covered in this invaluable handbook.

Download or read book Environmental Approach to Remediate Refractory Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-04 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Approach to Remediate Refractory Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants discusses the emerging trends in the bioremediation of hazardous pollutants found in wastewater, including the fate of pollutants produced after the treatment process both at the laboratory scale and at the industrial scale. Describing a broad area of biological processes and water research – considered key components for advanced water purification – it also includes the desalination technologies that remove, reduce, or neutralize water contaminants that threaten human health. Exploring the unique biological aspects of the wastewater treatment process, the book highlights the advantages they provide for engineering applications in industry, with each chapter covering a different biological-based approach, examining the basic principles, practical applications, recent breakthroughs and associated limitations. Covering advancements in biological treatments, advanced oxidation techniques and membrane technology to remove water pollutants, this book will be of interest to all those working in bioremediation related fields. - Describes emerging technologies in industrial pollutants removal from wastewater - Includes applications in treatment, remediation, sensing, and pollution prevention processes - Discusses impacts on long-term quality, availability, and viability of water

Download or read book Groundwater and Subsurface Remediation written by Helmut Kobus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.

Download or read book Reactive Transport in Natural and Engineered Systems written by Jennifer Druhan and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open system behavior is predicated on a fundamental relationship between the timescale over which mass is transported and the timescale over which it is chemically transformed. This relationship describes the basis for the multidisciplinary field of reactive transport (RT). In the 20 years since publication of Review in Mineralogy and Geochemistry volume 34: Reactive Transport in Porous Media, RT principles have expanded beyond early applications largely based in contaminant hydrology to become broadly utilized throughout the Earth Sciences. RT is now employed to address a wide variety of natural and engineered systems across diverse spatial and temporal scales, in tandem with advances in computational capability, quantitative imaging and reactive interface characterization techniques. The present volume reviews the diversity of reactive transport applications developed over the past 20 years, ranging from the understanding of basic processes at the nano- to micrometer scale to the prediction of Earth global cycling processes at the watershed scale. Key areas of RT development are highlighted to continue advancing our capabilities to predict mass and energy transfer in natural and engineered systems.

Download or read book Emerging Environmental Technologies written by Vishal Shah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this day and age, it is unfortunate that the economic prosperity and development leads to disruption of the dynamic balance of the environment. The philosophy of sustainable development has been presented for a long period of time but it has not been able to bring about a substantial change in our society. The transformation of this philosophy into a practical reality seems to be far away – at least in the foreseeable future. In my opinion, the only way I see the revolution taking place is for us to incorporate ‘sustainability’ in our daily living and to keep pushing for a sustainable society. Meanwhile, we also need scientists to work on technologies that would lead us to that goal at a faster pace. Technologies that are ‘completely’ environmentally friendly are needed urgently. And if such technologies or ideas of one exists, a platform is required that showcases such ideas to the scientific and non-scientific audience. Through this book, I am happy to present the thoughts of seven different research groups whose work may lead us to the doorsteps of sustainable society. As scientists, most of us specialize in a sub-topic that may be related to one of the three environmental components – air, land, or water. Over a period of time, we become so engrossed with the sub-discipline of our specialization that we only have glimpses of what is happening in other disciplines.

Download or read book Engineering Applications of Microbial Chemotaxis written by Mark Thomas Widman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioremediation written by Ronald M. Atlas and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Bioremediation: Applied Microbial Solutions for RealWorld Environmental Cleanup is a fascinating examination of research and its realworld application. Intended for both academics and practitioners, the book presents information on the legal, scientific, and engineering principles behind bioremediation for cleaning up contaminated soil and groundwater sources. Provides global perspective in coverage of a broad range of bioremediation technologies including bioinjection, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediationOffers viewpoints from contributors who are recognized leaders in their fieldsPresents over 130 figures including highquality line drawingsExamines practical examples of bioremediation application, including relevant case studiesDiscusses the interactions of legal, scientific, and engineering principles behind use of bioremediation for cleanup of contaminated land and aquifers.