Download or read book Transport and Removal Mechanisms of Trace Organic Pollutants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Jinwen Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective and focus of this study is to fully understand trace organic pollutant transport through NF/RO membranes. An extension of the classical solution-diffusion model had been developed that relates transport through NF/RO membranes directly to membrane structure descriptors (i.e., effective barrier layer pore size, porosity and thickness, etc.). In general, model predictions agreed well with experimental data suggesting the model captures the phenomenological behavior of commercial NF/RO membranes for separations relevant to modern water treatment objectives. The model also provides new mechanistic insights about the "effective structure" of NF/RO composite membranes and how trace organic solutes are rejected. These results suggest it is possible and important to fine-tune the surface energy of membrane and membrane structure (pore size, porosity, thickness) to achieve high membrane selectivity for certain solute. The effects of feed solution ionic strength, pH and divalent cation content on NF/RO membrane structure and performance were elucidated experimentally and fitted with the newly developed model. Generally, water permeabilities of all three membranes decreased with ionic strength and divalent cation content, but increased with pH. For RO membranes, neutral solute rejection decreased with pH and divalent cation content, but increased with ionic strength and the salt rejection remained independent with water chemistry except for very low pH of 3; for a NF membrane, solute rejection was more sensitive to water chemistry and neutral solute rejection decreased with ionic strength, pH, but increased with divalent cation content. Ultimately, these new insights may be useful in selection of already commercial or design of new NF/RO membranes for removal of chemicals of emerging concern in water treatment. Four different organic solute removals by six different commercial NF/RO membranes in laboratory re-created groundwater matrix were experimentally determined. SWRO membranes exhibited excellent removal efficiency (> 90%) for both NDMA and 1,4-dioxane in groundwater, while NF membranes showed inefficient separation. Correlation studies suggested that both size exclusion and thermodynamic partitioning play important roles in trace organics removal and a partition coefficient, which combines both steric effects and solute-membrane interactions, can be employed to predict organic solute rejection by NF/RO membranes.

Download or read book Trace Organic Removal by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Processes written by Long Nghiem and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph delineates the retention mechanisms of emerging trace organic contaminants by several nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis membranes. Retention of neutral trace organics by a tight NF or RO membrane is dominated by steric (size) exclusion, whereas both electrostatic repulsion and steric exclusion govern the retention of negatively charged trace organics by a loose NF membrane. Speciation of trace organics may lead to a dramatic change in retention as a function of pH, with much greater retention observed for ionized, negatively charged trace organics. Retention of the negatively charged trace organics decreases as the solution's ionic strength increases due to charge shielding and double layer compression. For uncharged trace organic species, intrinsic physicochemical properties of the trace organic molecules can substantially affect their retention. This monograph also critically demonstrates the possible complexity of a real membrane filtration system where trace organic contaminants are of concern. Factors such as operating conditions and feed solution composition can influence the filtration of trace organics.

Download or read book Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Victor Augusto Yangali Quintanilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. Although the risks of micropollutants in sources of water are partly recognized, interpretation of consequences are controversial; thus, the future effects of altered water with micropollutants remains uncertain and may constitute a point of conc

Download or read book Transport of Organic Micropollutants Through Nanofiltration NF and Reverse Osmosis RO Membranes written by Tae-Uk Kim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Salt and Nitrosamine Transport Across Clean and Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Sophie Walewijk and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse Osmosis (RO) uses semi-permeable membranes to remove contaminants from water, producing highly purified water from saline or polluted water. This technology is gaining increased attention for treating wastewater for potable reuse, an application that requires reliable removal of contaminants, such as carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, considered dangerous to human health, . N-nitrosamines, including the disinfection by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), can pass through RO membranes. Biofouling of RO membranes is a challenging problem in the application of RO technology for seawater desalination and water reclamation. Biofouling occurs when microorganisms that feed on nutrients in waters form a layer on the RO membrane surface, reducing water passage. Importantly, this process generally reduces rejection of contaminants by the membrane. Currently it is not known to what extent biofouling affects the passage of small, neutral organic compounds such as NDMA and by what mechanisms biofouling diminishes membrane performance. This thesis examined the effect of biofouling on the passage of five nitrosamines and evaluated the relative contributions of four proposed fouling mechanisms using physical models. The four models evaluated were: enhanced concentration polarization (ECP), hydraulic resistance (HR), surface masking (SM), and charge neutralization (CN). Fouling by surface masking is a newly proposed mechanism by which a certain fraction of the membrane area is completely blocked to water passage. Results show the changes in rejection of small neutral organic compounds caused by biofouling, quantify the contribution of concentration polarization to biofouling, and introduce surface masking as a biofouling mechanism to attribute the portion of biofouling not explained by ECP. In laboratory experiments, the transport of water, sodium chloride and nitrosamines through clean NF90 membranes were evaluated with a combined solution-diffusion concentration polarization (SD-CP) model. The sensitivity of the mass transfer coefficient, k, on modeling solute rejection was evaluated by estimating k in three ways: Sherwood estimation, Sutzkover estimation and Murthy Gupta fitting of k to the SD-CP model. The SD-CP model best modeled the rejection of small neutral organic solutes by the NF90 membrane by using k as a fitting parameter. Values of k obtained in this way were 1.5 times higher than those obtained by the traditional Sherwood approach. A technique was developed to build biolayers on RO membranes. Biolayer development occurred over four distinct phases: (1) lag-phase bacterial growth, (2) rapid bacterial growth, (3) slowed bacterial growth, and (4) stagnated bacterial growth due to depletion of the electron donor. Establishment of a biofilm of 24.3 [unknown symbol]m resulted in 75% flux decline, 2.5-fold increase in salt passage, and 13-30% increase in the passage of five different nitrosamines. These increases occurred primarily over bacterial growth phases (2) and (3). To evaluate concentration polarization caused by a biolayer, its porosity needs to be estimated. For realistic porosities (> 0.2), enhanced concentration polarization only marginally contributed to biofouling. Charge neutralization was not considered significant because changes in rejection of charged compounds (salts) and uncharged compounds (nitrosamines) were comparable. Although hydraulic resistance of exopolymeric substances (EPS) was not ruled out, the majority of the observed flux decline was attributed to surface masking.

Download or read book Nanofiltration 2 Volume Set written by Andrea Iris Schäfer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.

Download or read book Removal of Emerging Trace Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis written by Long Duc Nghiem and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs in Water written by Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the main international research findings on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as emerging contaminants in water. It focuses on the major routes of exposure, and the destinations and life cycles of NSAIDs in water, as well as the manifestations of toxicity in different organisms. It also reviews the methods used in the detection, analysis and quantification of NSAIDs in water as well as the biological and chemical methods of removing them. Lastly, the book offers an overview of the legal frameworks in place and provides conclusions and recommendations for the future. Given its scope, the book is an indispensable resource for scientists in academia and industry, as well as for decision-makers involved in contamination assessment and environmental analysis and NGOs interested in the problem of water contamination by NSAIDs.

Download or read book Nanofiltration written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nanofiltration technique lies between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis techniques, and it is considered a low-cost process and is capable of removing pesticides, organic matter, desalination of sea water, oil process and pollutants from industrial wastewater. However, the main challenge in implementation of nanofiltration membrane is its ability towards fouling and low performance at high temperature. The use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of membranes allows for a high degree of control over membrane fouling. Nanoparticle-based membranes can be developed by assembling engineered nanoparticles into porous membranes or blending them with polymeric or inorganic membranes. This book covers topics from multiple ranges from manufacturing of nanofiltration membranes and their applications in wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and removal of pollutants, to addressing the fouling issues.

Download or read book Organic Pollutants in Wastewater II written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater represents an alternative to freshwater if it can be treated successfully for re-use applications. Promising techniques involve photocatalysis, photodegradation, adsorption, bioreactors, nanocomposites, nanofiltration and membranes. Keywords: Wastewater Treatment, Biohydrogen Production, Bioethanol Production, Biological Wastewater, Carbon Nanotubes, Dairy Wastewater, Graphene-based Nanocomposites, Hormones in Wastewater, Malachite Green Removal, Membrane Bioreactors, Nanocomposites, Nanofiltration, Nanomembranes, Nanotubes, Organic Pollutants, Pesticides Removal, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, Reversed Osmosis, Textile Wastewater.

Download or read book Nanofiltration for Sustainability written by Abdul Mohammad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-30 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a novel exploration of the application of nanofiltration membrane technology for sustainability in various industries, situated in view of recent breakthroughs and the use of reuse, recycle and resource recovery approaches. Moving from a comprehensive discussion of nanofiltration membrane processes to case studies and real-world applications of nanofiltration technology across society, both successes and potential limitations are considered. Features: Detailed discussion of the fundamentals of nanofiltration technology The concepts of reuse, recycle and resource recovery using nanofiltration technology are explored in combination with other technologies to advance circular economy Considered across a range of industries, such as textiles, oil, gas, agriculture and pharmaceutics Written in a thoroughly detailed manner, this book is an essential guide for industry professionals interested in sustainability and working toward a circular economy. Comprehensive discussions of the fundamental processes underpinning nanofiltration technology also make this book particularly appealing to students of industrial chemistry.

Download or read book Water Factory 21 written by United States. Office of Water Research and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification written by Akil Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the basic and sustainable approach of nanofiltration membrane techniques along with their fabrication, characterization, separation mechanisms, and broad applications in the field of wastewater treatment. It provides a wide knowledge of nanofiltration technique to water purification audience concerning the recent development with various illustrations, methods and results for graduate students, scientists, academicians, researchers, and industrialists. Readers from wastewater and water purification will have a quick reference by exploring the research literature on the subject field with commercial value-added research applications of nanofiltration membrane.

Download or read book The Removal of Inorganic Contaminants Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis written by Laura Ann Richards and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved methods of providing safe drinking water are essential in an era in which demand for water is increasing but surface water supplies remain scarce. Desalination of brackish groundwater via membrane filtration with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (NF/RO) offers a solution to this problem. As such, the overall motivation of this study was to improve mechanistic understanding of NF/RO. The first main aim was to evaluate the performance of a renewable energy membrane system previously tested with real groundwater and varying energy conditions. Given sufficient solar availability, the system reliably removed salts and inorganic contaminants, although solute retention varied with energy (and consequently pressure and flow) and pH, depending on dominant retention mechanisms. The second main aim was to assess the specific impact of pH on inorganic contaminant removal in a bench-scale filtration system. The speciation of boron, fluoride and nitrate was linked with ion retention as a function of pH, with results suggesting that there may be important mechanisms such as ion dehydration controlling transport in NF/RO, which would explain the high retention of fluoride when compared to nitrate. The third main aim was to determine the importance of ion hydration in determining transport using molecular dynamics simulations of monovalent anions transporting through an idealized pore. Simulations demonstrated that energy barriers of transport were strongly dependent on ion properties and pore size and were directly attributable to dehydration. The final aim was to experimentally verify molecular dynamics simulations by quantifying energy barriers for ion transport in NF membranes. Experimentally-determined energy barriers were also solute and membrane-specific, with fluoride having a higher barrier than other solutes. Comparison of results with expected dehydration trends and molecular dynamics corroborated that energy barriers in nanofiltration may be due to dehydration. The results obtained in this thesis provide new insight into NF/RO transport mechanisms, which may contribute to improvements in current technologies and predictive models.

Download or read book Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water and Wastewater written by Arturo Hernandez-Maldonado and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water and Wastewater: Advanced Treatment Processes presents the state-of-the-art in the design and use of adsorbents, membranes, and UV/oxidation processes, along with the challenges that will need to be addressed to close the gap between development and implementation in water/wastewater treatment applications. Chapters cover adsorbent and membrane design and performance, direct comparison of performance data between new (inorganic and metal organic nanoporous materials) and classic adsorbents and membranes, a list of advantages, disadvantages, and challenges related to performance limitations, regenerability, and upscaling. In addition, users will find sections on the identification of potential site and off-site applications that are listed according to adsorbent and membrane types, transformation of CECs in low- and/or medium-pressure UV irradiation processes used for disinfection, the oxidation of CECs by chlorine and ozone, and a comparison of advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of a variety of CECs in water and wastewater. Addresses the advantages/disadvantages of select technologies, including energy resource needs and waste management issues of reverse osmosis, amongst other issues Presents information on the advancements of technology within the realm of Engineered Treatments of CECs Focuses on the inherent science and technology of advanced treatment processes

Download or read book Membrane Technology and Applications written by Richard W. Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments for the first edition Acknowledgments for the second edition 1 Overview of Membrane Science and Technology 1 2 Membrane Transport Theory 15 3 Membranes and Modules 89 4 Concentration Polarization 161 5 Reverse Osmosis 191 6 Ultrafiltration 237 7 Microfiltration 275 8 Gas Separation 301 9 Pervaporation 355 10 Ion Exchange Membrane Processes - Electrodialysis 393 11 Carrier Facilitated Transport 425 12 Medical Applications of Membranes 465 13 Other Membrane Processes 491 Appendix 523 Index 535.

Download or read book Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse written by Despo Fatta-Kassinos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a detailed overview of currently applied and tested wastewater treatment technologies and the integration of advanced processes to remove trace organic contaminants and microorganisms. It discusses the potential of enhanced biological treatment to produce effluent suitable for reuse, new processes for urban wastewater disinfection and the reduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria, as well as the effect of advanced oxidation processes on wastewater microbiome and chemical contaminants. It also presents membrane bioreactors, moving bed bioreactors, light and solar driven technologies, ozonation and immobilised heterogeneous photocatalysis and provides an evaluation of the potential of constructed wetlands integrated with advanced oxidation technologies to produce wastewater safe for reuse. Furthermore, the volume discusses water reuse issues and standards, the status of membrane bioreactors applications, and the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate for enhanced water recovery during wastewater treatment. Finally, it presents recent developments in potable water reuse and addresses various important issues in this framework, like the proper protection of public health, reliability and monitoring. This volume is of interest to experts, scientists and practitioners from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental and sanitary engineering, as well as treatment plant operators and policymakers.