Download or read book Transparent Passivating Contacts for Front Side Application in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Josua Andreas Stückelberger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Solar energy ; photovoltaics ; crystalline ; silicon ; passivation ; mixed-phase ; poly-Si ; selective ; oxide ; fluorine.
Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of conventional solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the hero of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.
Download or read book Double Sided Passivated Contacts for Solar Cell Applications written by Zhi Peng Ling and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunnel layer passivated contacts have been successfully demonstrated for next-generation silicon solar cell concepts, achieving improved device performance stemming from the significantly reduced contact recombination of the solar cell contacts. However, these carrier-selective passivated contacts are currently deployed only at the rear side of the silicon solar cell, while the front side adopts a conventional diffused junction and contacting scheme. In this work, we report on the novelty and feasibility of deploying tunnel layer passivated contacts on both sides of a silicon wafer-based solar cell, featuring a textured front surface and a planar rear surface. In particular, we demonstrate that silicon solar cells incorporating our in-house developed electron-selective thermal-SiOx/poly-Si(n+) and hole-selective thermal-SiOx/poly-Si(p+) passivated contacts have a solar cell efficiency potential approaching 24%. Deploying contact passivation only at the rear side of the solar cell, we have reached a solar cell efficiency of 21.7%, using conventional screen printing for metallization. We present a systematic approach of evaluating our in-house developed electron-selective and hole-selective passivated contacts on both textured and planar lifetime test structures, as well as dark I,ÄìV test structures, to extract the recombination current density j0 and the contact resistance Rc of the passivated contact, which is used for process optimization as well as for subsequent efficiency potential prediction. The two key challenges aiming at a double-sided integration of passivated contacts are (1) parasitic absorption within the front-side highly doped poly-Si capping layer, requiring the processing of ultrathin (,â§10-nm) contact passivation layers. This has been quantified by numerical simulation (using SunSolve,Ѣ) and also solved experimentally, i.e., processing ultrathin 3-/10-nm hole/electron extracting SiOx/poly-Si(p+/n+) passivated contact layers, reaching an implied open-circuit voltage of 690/703¬†mV on a planar/textured silicon surface, which will even further enhance after SiNx capping. (2) Ensuring process compatibility with conventional screen printing: Screen printing on electron extracting poly-Si(n+) seems feasible; however, screen printing on hole-extracting poly-Si(p+) is still a challenge. Solar cell precursors have been processed, showing excellent pre-metallization results (implied-VOC ,ào 713¬†mV). According to our efficiency potential prediction (using the measured j0 and Rc values of our developed contact passivation layers), bifacial double-sided passivated contact solar cells (efficiency potential of ,ào23.2%, using our layers) can clearly outperform rear-side-only passivated contact solar cells (efficiency potential of ,ào22.5%).
Download or read book Physics of Solar Cells written by Peter Würfel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Würfel describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency. Based on the highly successful German version, but thoroughly revised and updated, this edition contains the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of solar energy conversion. Requiring no more than standard physics knowledge, it enables readers to understand the factors driving conversion efficiency and to apply this knowledge to their own solar cell development.
Download or read book High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells written by Martin A. Green and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early chapters comprehensively review the optical and transport properties of silicon. Light trapping is described in detail. Limits on the efficiency of silicon cells are discussed as well as material requirements necessary to approach these limits. The status of current approaches to passifying surfaces, contacts and bulk regions is reviewed. The final section of the book describes the most practical approaches to the fabrication of high-efficiency cells capable of meeting the efficiency targets for both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, including a discussion of design and processing approaches for non-crystalline silicon.
Download or read book Silicon Materials written by Beddiaf Zaidi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-08-07 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apart from oxygen, silicon is the most commonly occurring element on Earth. Silicon materials have many applications in the manufacturing technology of microelectronic components, integrated circuits, and photovoltaic generators. Circuit complexity and higher degrees of integration of components require constant improvement and control of silicon's properties. This book provides information on silicon materials, their use, and their impact on the modern world economy.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Solar Energy written by Angèle Reinders and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar PV is now the third most important renewable energy source, after hydro and wind power, in terms of global installed capacity. Bringing together the expertise of international PV specialists Photovoltaic Solar Energy: From Fundamentals to Applications provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of existing PV technologies in conjunction with an assessment of technological developments. Key features: Written by leading specialists active in concurrent developments in material sciences, solar cell research and application-driven R&D. Provides a basic knowledge base in light, photons and solar irradiance and basic functional principles of PV. Covers characterization techniques, economics and applications of PV such as silicon, thin-film and hybrid solar cells. Presents a compendium of PV technologies including: crystalline silicon technologies; chalcogenide thin film solar cells; thin-film silicon based PV technologies; organic PV and III-Vs; PV concentrator technologies; space technologies and economics, life-cycle and user aspects of PV technologies. Each chapter presents basic principles and formulas as well as major technological developments in a contemporary context with a look at future developments in this rapidly changing field of science and engineering. Ideal for industrial engineers and scientists beginning careers in PV as well as graduate students undertaking PV research and high-level undergraduate students.
Download or read book Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Joachim John and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface passivation of silicon solar cells describes a technology for preventing electrons and holes to recombine prematurely with one another on the wafer surface. It increases the cell's energy conversion efficiencies and thus reduces the cost per kWh generated by a PV system.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Solar Energy written by Wilfried van Sark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Thoroughly updated overview of photovoltaic technology, from materials to modules and systems Volume 2 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy provides fundamental and contemporary knowledge about various photovoltaic technologies in the framework of material science, device physics of solar cells, chemistry for manufacturing, engineering of PV modules, and the design aspects of photovoltaic applications, with the aim of informing the reader about the basic knowledge of each aspect of photovoltaic technologies and applications in the context of the most recent advances in science and engineering. The text is written by leading specialists for each topic in a concise manner and includes the most recent references for deeper study. Moreover, the book gives insights into possible future developments in the field of photovoltaics. The book builds on the success of Volume 1 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy, which was published by Wiley in January 2017. As science and technology is progressing fast in some areas of photovoltaics, several topics needed to be readdressed. Volume 2 also covers some basic aspects of the subject that were not addressed in Volume 1. Sample topics covered in Photovoltaic Solar Energy include: Solar Irradiance Resources Crystalline Silicon Technologies (Cz Ingots, TOPCon, Heterojunction, Passivating contacts, Hydrogenation and Carrier Induced Degradation) Perovskite and Tandem solar cells Characterization and Measurements PV Modules PV Systems and Applications (integration in buildings, agriculture, water, vehicles) Sustainability Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Photovoltaic Solar Energy is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students in science or engineering, young professionals in PV research or the PV industry, professors, teachers, and PV specialists who want to receive updated information. A scientific or engineering degree is a prerequisite.
Download or read book Advanced Front Side Technology on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by and published by Victor Prajapati. This book was released on with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Contacts For Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by James Bullock and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mainstream dopant-diffused crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have reached a point in their development where losses at the directly-metalized, heavily-doped regions have a significant, and often limiting effect on device performance. The conventional wisdom on addressing this issue is to drastically reduce the percentage of the contacted surface area-to less than 1% in some cases-significantly increasing the complexity of fabrication. An alternative approach is to focus on addressing the losses at the metal / cSi interface by implementing novel 'carrier-selective' contacting structures. This approach to solar cell contacting has the potential to increase the output power whilst significantly simplifying cell architectures and fabrication procedures. This thesis is centered on the conceptual and experimental development of a number of advanced contacting structures for c-Si solar cells, collectively referred to here as 'heterocontacts'. The 'carrier-selectivity' of the contact, that is, how well it collects just one of the two carriers (whilst preserving the other), is used as a universal concept for comparing different contacting strategies, including mainstream contacts based on direct metallization of heavily doped c-Si. To provide a foundation on this topic the initial section of the thesis discusses the concept and theory of carrier-selectivity. This is complemented with an in depth literature review of current state-of-the-art contacting practices for c-Si solar cells. This provides a reference frame with which to compare the three experimental chapters that follow. In the first experimental chapter it is shown that a suitable initial stepping stone towards advancing solar c-Si cell contacts is to combine the benefits of conventional dopant-diffused regions with those of heterocontacts. A number of such hybrid systems are demonstrated and optimized at the contact level through multiple dedicated studies focused on using thin silicon oxide (SiOx), aluminum oxide (AlOx) or hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) passivating interlayers. These interlayers are shown to reduce carrier recombination at the contact surface by up to two orders of magnitude. In a later study we develop and demonstrate a novel a-Si:H enhanced Al / SiOx / c-Si(n+) heterocontact concept. This structure is also explored at the solar cell level, yielding an efficiency of 21% in the initial stages of development - equivalent to that of an analogous cell made with the conventional directly metallized partial contact technique. In the succeeding chapter, the logical next stage in the development of such a concept is explored, that is, to completely remove the heavily doped surface regions, instead using the heterocontacts exclusively to separate electrons and holes. It is demonstrated that this can be achieved using materials with extreme work functions. For the collection of holes, sub-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide MoOx is utilized, favored for its transparency and large work function. Over multiple studies, it is demonstrated that MoOx heterocontact systems, both with and without passivating interlayers can be used to effectively collect holes on both n and p-type c-Si absorbers. This enables its application to a number of novel solar cells architectures, most prominently a novel MoOx partial rear contact cell attaining conversion efficiencies over 20% in the initial proof-ofconcept stage. In the final experimental chapter, a complementary electron heterocontact system is developed, based on a low work function LiFx / Al electrode. This is shown to provide ix excellent electron collection characteristics, both with and without a-Si:H passivating interlayers. The exceptional contact characteristics enabled by this heterocontact allow the demonstration of a first-of-its-kind n-type partial rear contact cell already with an efficiency above 20% in its first demonstration. To conclude the thesis and demonstrate its premise, a novel c-Si cell is developed without the use of dopants. This cell, referred to as the dopant free asymmetric heterocontact (DASH) cell, combines the previously mentioned MoOx based hole contacts and LiFx based electron heterocontacts, both with passivating a-Si:H interlayers. A conversion efficiency of 19.4% is attained for this proof-of-concept device - an improvement by more than 5 percent absolute from the previous DASH cell record and more importantly the first demonstration of such a concept to be competitive with conventional cell designs.
Download or read book Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells written by Hiroyuki Fujiwara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-10 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unparalleled coverage of the most vibrant research field in photovoltaics! Hybrid perovskites, revolutionary game-changing semiconductor materials, have every favorable optoelectronic characteristic necessary for realizing high efficiency solar cells. The remarkable features of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics, such as superior material properties, easy material fabrication by solution-based processing, large-area device fabrication by an inkjet technology, and simple solar cell structures, have brought enormous attentions, leading to a rapid development of the solar cell technology at a pace never before seen in solar cell history. Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Characteristics and Operation covers extensive topics of hybrid perovskite solar cells, providing easy-to-read descriptions for the fundamental characteristics of unique hybrid perovskite materials (Part I) as well as the principles and applications of hybrid perovskite solar cells (Part II). Both basic and advanced concepts of hybrid perovskite devices are treated thoroughly in this book; in particular, explanatory descriptions for general physical and chemical aspects of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics are included to provide fundamental understanding. This comprehensive book is highly suitable for graduate school students and researchers who are not familiar with hybrid perovskite materials and devices, allowing the accumulation of the accurate knowledge from the basic to the advanced levels.
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Download or read book Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Adolf Goetzberger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low temperature Surface Passivation of Crystalline Silicon and Its Application to the Rear Side of Solar Cells written by Stefan Dauwe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Solar Cells written by Peter Würfel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this highly regarded textbook provides a detailed overview of the most important characterization techniques for solar cells and a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. It describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency. The text is now complete with examples of how the appropriate characterization techniques enable the distinction between several potential limitation factors, describing how quantities that have been introduced theoretically in earlier chapters become experimentally accessible. With exercises after each chapter to reinforce the newly acquired knowledge and requiring no more than standard physics knowledge, this book enables students and professionals to understand the factors driving conversion efficiency and to apply this to their own solar cell development.
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
