Download or read book Transparency Vs Comparability written by Gregory Sabin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the roles comparability and transparency play in the relation between IFRS adoption and foreign direct investment (FDI). In this study, I disentangle the impact of transparency and comparability through the use of a natural experiment resulting from Mexico's adoption of IFRS in 2012. Greater comparability (adoption of IFRS by both domestic and foreign parties), controlling for transparency (adoption of IFRS by Mexico), increases FDI inflows as reported in column 5 in Table 4. Individually, greater transparency and comparability have been associated with increases in investment activity. However, it is unclear from the existing literature how transparency and comparability interact in the FDI setting. Consistent with prior findings, I find the adoption of IFRS is associated with increases in inbound foreign direct investment. This paper contributes to the literature on IFRS and FDI, specifically with respect to the role of common financial standards in increasing foreign investment activity.

Download or read book Transparency in Government Operations written by Mr.J. D. Craig and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-02-03 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude. Notably, the Interim Committee, at its April and September 1996 meetings, stressed the need for greater fiscal transparency. Prompted by these concerns, this paper represents a first attempt to address many of the aspects of transparency in government operations. It provides an overview of major issues in fiscal transparency and examines the IMF's role in promoting transparency in government operations.

Download or read book Transparency Policy Surveillance and the Comparison of Mitigation Efforts written by Joseph E. Aldy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper synthesizes the work in a research program focused on the transparency and comparability of mitigation efforts in multilateral climate change policy. We take as our starting point the emerging international architecture, which creates demand for practical mechanisms to compare domestic efforts to mitigate global climate change. How do countries decide whether and to what degree pledges by their peers -- often expressed in different forms that stymie obvious apples-to-apples comparison -- are sufficient to justify their own actions now and more ambitious actions in the future? We describe a number of desirable features of metrics that might be used for ex ante comparisons of proposed pledges and ex post assessments of subsequent actions delivering on those pledges. Such metrics should be comprehensive, measurable, and universal. In practice, however, no single metric has all these features. We suggest using a collection of metrics to characterize and compare mitigation efforts, akin to employing a suite of economic statistics to illustrate the health of the macro-economy. We illustrate the application of a suite of metrics to several countries' mitigation pledges using four modeling platforms. We also describe how countries increasingly employ complex suites of policies, rather than the cost-effective, economy-wide policies modelers are used to examining. This suggests new challenges and opportunities to use modeling tools to evaluate these realistic policy contexts.

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards English written by Navneet Singh and published by Navneet Singh. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting standards developed and maintained by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They are designed to provide a common global language for financial reporting, ensuring that financial statements are comparable, transparent, and reliable across different jurisdictions and industries. Here's an overview of IFRS: Objective: The primary objective of IFRS is to provide a framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements that provide useful information to users for making economic decisions. IFRS aims to enhance transparency, comparability, and reliability in financial reporting. Applicability: IFRS is used by many countries around the world as the basis for preparing financial statements of public companies. While some countries have adopted IFRS as their national accounting standards, others have converged their local standards with IFRS or permit the use of IFRS for listed companies. Additionally, multinational companies often use IFRS for their consolidated financial statements to ensure consistency across different jurisdictions. Principles-based Approach: IFRS adopts a principles-based approach to accounting standards, focusing on principles rather than detailed rules. This allows for flexibility in application and enables entities to provide relevant and reliable information that reflects the economic substance of transactions. Standard-setting Process: The IASB, an independent standard-setting body, is responsible for developing and issuing IFRS. The standard-setting process involves extensive consultation with stakeholders, including preparers, auditors, investors, regulators, and standard-setting bodies from different countries. The IASB also works closely with national standard-setters and accounting bodies to promote global convergence in financial reporting. Structure of IFRS: IFRS consists of a series of individual standards and interpretations, each addressing specific aspects of financial reporting. The main standards cover topics such as presentation of financial statements (IAS 1), revenue recognition (IFRS 15), leasing (IFRS 16), financial instruments (IFRS 9), and consolidation (IFRS 10). Additionally, there are interpretations (IFRIC) and framework documents that provide guidance on complex accounting issues. Continuous Development: IFRS is subject to continuous review and improvement to ensure its relevance and effectiveness in addressing emerging issues in financial reporting. The IASB regularly updates and issues new standards or amendments to existing standards in response to changes in business practices, economic environments, and regulatory requirements. Benefits of IFRS: The adoption of IFRS brings several benefits, including improved comparability of financial statements across jurisdictions, enhanced transparency and disclosure, increased investor confidence, and reduced costs for multinational companies operating in multiple jurisdictions. Overall, IFRS plays a crucial role in promoting high-quality financial reporting, facilitating global capital flows, and fostering economic growth and development by providing a common set of accounting standards that are recognized and accepted worldwide.

Download or read book Transparency and Funding of State and Local Pension Plans written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Evolution of Corporate Disclosure written by Alessandro Ghio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical analysis of the evolution of corporate disclosure. Building upon prior academic literature, it assesses the most important changes in mandatory corporate disclosure, the growing relevance of social and environmental disclosure, and revolutionary new forms of corporate communication, in particular social media. It also includes empirical analyses that shed further light on the impact of voluntary communication, i.e. social and environmental reporting and corporate social media communication, on managerial and investment decisions. Lastly, it discusses new directions for accounting and corporate governance research on the theoretical and empirical challenges of corporate disclosure. Offering a wealth of relevant and timely advice, the book will help regulators design policies that allow businesses to overcome current and emerging economic, social, and technological challenges.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transfer pricing continues to be one of the most significant areas of heightened controversy in international taxation for multinational enterprises and tax administrations. Due to its far-reaching consequences, tax professionals and individual tax jurisdictions are required to understand the fundamentals of the topic, which is often caught in a maze of literature. Emerging from the joint research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), the international tax law firm L&P – Ludovici Piccone & Partners, and the experiences from the annual advanced transfer pricing courses and conferences, this first edition of the book acts as a manual for understanding transfer pricing principles and their practical application. It provides a balanced approach by first detailing the basics of transfer pricing and second proceeding to specific topics that are highly relevant in today's tax environment. For the purpose of easy understanding, the book is presented in two parts: Part I: General Topics I. Introduction to Transfer Pricing II. Accurate Delineation and Recognition of Actual Transactions: Comparability Analysis III. Transfer Pricing Methods (Part I): Traditional Transaction Methods IV. Transfer Pricing Methods (Part II): Transactional Profit Methods V. Administrative Approaches to Avoiding/Minimizing Transfer Pricing Disputes VI. Administrative Approaches to Resolving Transfer Pricing Disputes VII. Transfer Pricing Documentation: Master File, Country File and Country-by-Country Reporting Part II: Specific Topics VIII. Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments IX. Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Services X. Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financial Transactions XI. Transfer Pricing and Intangibles XII. Transfer Pricing, Supply Chain Management and Business Restructurings XIII. Transfer Pricing and Customs Valuation XIV. Transfer Pricing and EU State Aid In analysing the above topics, the work undertaken by the OECD, UN, EU, World Customs Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and other international organizations is considered. Moreover, the book contains several practical examples, judicial precedents and illustrative explanations to complement the understanding. The book will be a catalyst for immense learning of students and young professionals who are at the introductory stage of understanding the nuances of transfer pricing. Further, the book also caters to tax lawyers, in-house tax counsels and academics working in international organizations, the business community and advisory firms as well as government officials interested in understanding transfer pricing.

Download or read book Tulsian s Financial Accounting As per the latest curriculum on directives of National Education Policy 2020 written by CA & Dr. P C Tulsian, Tushar Tulsian & CA Bharat Tulsian and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been primarily designed to meet the needs of B.Com students under the recommended National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) for the subject Financial Accounting. The book acquaints the students with basic concepts of accounting, accounting processes, accounting income, accounting principles & policies. Topics like revenue recognition as per AS 9, accounting for property, plant and equipment as per AS 10, accounting for intangible assets as per AS 26, valuation of inventory as per AS 2, accounting for leases as per AS 19. Accounting for branches and departments, preparation of financial statements have been discussed in detail in the simplest language "meant to serve beginners". This book has been written in simple and lucid manner covering all the important equations, formulae, figures and practical steps in a systematic manner to aid students' learning. Based on the author's proven approach teach yourself style, the book is replete with numerous illustrations, exhibits and easy retention of concepts

Download or read book Theory Base of Accounting English written by Navneet Singh and published by Navneet Singh. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory base of accounting refers to the conceptual framework, principles, assumptions, and standards that guide accounting practices and the preparation of financial statements. It provides a theoretical foundation for understanding and applying accounting principles in practice. Here are the key components of the theory base of accounting: Conceptual Framework: The conceptual framework of accounting establishes the fundamental concepts and objectives that underlie financial reporting. It provides a framework for developing accounting standards and principles and helps ensure consistency and comparability in financial reporting. The conceptual framework addresses issues such as the qualitative characteristics of financial information, the elements of financial statements, and the criteria for recognition and measurement. Accounting Principles: Accounting principles are fundamental guidelines that govern the recording, measurement, and reporting of financial transactions and events. These principles include: Revenue Recognition Principle: Revenue should be recognized when earned and realized or realizable, regardless of when cash is received. Matching Principle: Expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenues they help generate, regardless of when cash is paid. Historical Cost Principle: Assets should be recorded at their original cost, rather than their current market value. Conservatism Principle: Accountants should err on the side of caution when uncertain about the future outcomes, by recognizing losses but not gains until they are realized. Accounting Assumptions: Accounting assumptions are underlying concepts that shape the accounting process and financial reporting. Common accounting assumptions include: Going Concern Assumption: Assumes that the entity will continue to operate indefinitely, allowing for the recognition of assets and liabilities over the long term. Monetary Unit Assumption: Assumes that transactions and events are measured and recorded in a stable currency unit, such as the US dollar or euro. Time Period Assumption: Assumes that financial information is reported over specific time periods, such as monthly, quarterly, or annually. Accounting Standards: Accounting standards are rules and regulations established by accounting standard-setting bodies, such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) globally. These standards provide guidance on how to apply accounting principles in practice and ensure consistency and comparability in financial reporting. Ethical Considerations: The theory base of accounting also encompasses ethical considerations that govern the conduct of accountants and financial professionals. Ethical principles such as integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, and professional competence and due care are essential for maintaining public trust and confidence in financial reporting. Overall, the theory base of accounting provides a framework for understanding the principles, assumptions, and standards that guide accounting practices and financial reporting. It serves as a foundation for developing accounting policies, procedures, and practices that ensure the accuracy, reliability, and relevance of financial information for decision-making and accountability purposes.

Download or read book IAS IFRS written by Vera Palea and published by FrancoAngeli. This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cross Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance written by Maria João Rosa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the range of potential measures national quality assurance agencies may have to employ to deal with the new issues caused by Cross Border Higher Education (CBHE). The expansion of CBHE raises quality problems, which are currently assessed differently depending on the countries concerned. This has been exacerbated by the growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) which have developed very quickly and can be prone to rogue providers. This book considers the steps that have already been taken to ensure quality as well as those ahead. It is important that the swift growth of CBHE is not just seen as a means to increase the revenues of higher education institutions faced with decreasing public funding but also as a means to keep educational standards high.

Download or read book OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training A Skills beyond School Review of Switzerland written by Fazekas Mihály and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-07 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on Switzerland examines what kind of training will be needed in the changing economy, how it can be funded, how it can be linked to academic programmes, and how employers and unions can be engaged.

Download or read book Audit Risk Alert General Accounting and Auditing Developments 2018 19 written by AICPA and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing descriptions of all recent auditing, accounting and regulatory developments, this 2018 alert will ensure that accountants have a robust understanding of the business, economic, and regulatory environments in which they and their clients operate. In addition, accountants will gain a full understanding of emerging practice issues, with targeted analysis of new developments and how they may affect their engagements, including: Recent Economic Trends Recent Legislative and PCAOB Developments Developments in Peer Review Recent Ethics Interpretations This useful resource also contains new accounting and auditing guidance related: Derivatives and Hedging Service Concession Agreements Discontinued Operations Stock Compensation

Download or read book Economy and Business in the Age of Digitalization written by Prof. Dr. Mehmet ŞAHİN - Prof. Dr. Özge UYSAL ŞAHİN and published by HOLISTENCE PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, we see rapid change and transformation in many areas. One of the most important reasons for this situation is the unstoppable progress of technology. The 21st century has been the age of digitalization. Technology significantly affects the functioning of almost every sector, from education to art, from tourism to sports. In such an environment where digital tools are very decisive, the economy and business life are also affected by these developments. Many issues such as working conditions, employment potential, insurance system, economic development processes, and the structure of monetary and financial instruments are adapting to the digitalizing world. This editorial book includes studies, created by precious researchers, on how the economy and business world are affected and shaped in the digital age. We hope that this work, which includes the precious studies on the effects of digitalization on the economy and business life, will be useful for readers and researchers.

Download or read book Knowledge Skills and Competence in the European Labour Market written by Michaela Brockmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-13 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the free movement of labour across the European Union, establishing transparency and comparability of qualifications across member states is vital. This book examines how qualifications, knowledge, skills and competences are understood in different national contexts and trans-nationally and reveals a complex picture of differences and similarities both within and between countries. Against the background of EU policy initiatives, and in particular the European Qualifications Framework, an important focus is on the prospects and difficulties of establishing cross-national recognition of qualifications. Drawing on case studies of particular sectors and occupations in England, France, Germany and the Netherlands, this insightful book, written by leading academics in the field, will be a vital resource for students and researchers involved with vocational education and training, continuing professional development, human resource management and European Union policy.

Download or read book Institutional Choice and Global Commerce written by Joseph Henri Jupille and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do institutions emerge, change, persist and die? This book challenges conventional theoretical views using the history of global commerce.

Download or read book Frontier Emerging Equity Markets Securities Price Behavior and Valuation written by Oliver S. Kratz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontier Emerging Equity Markets Securities Price Behavior and Valuation uses the Russian example to illustrate the intricate mechanics of frontier emerging equity market analysis. Frontier markets are those equity markets that do not benefit from the same degree of securities transparency and information dissemination as future emerging markets. In many cases, frontier equity markets are those which have been created almost literally overnight, without the infrastructure and institutional readiness of the nations in which they are located. During the 1990s, frontier emerging markets have formed a new investment asset class which requires a very different set of valuation metrics from mature emerging markets. In developing a multi-stage approach to the understanding and valuing of such markets, this book uses the case of the Russian frontier equity market to illustrate topics such as the relationship between equity market infrastructure and valuation during the `genesis' period of an emerging financial market; evolving market efficiency; and the crucial role of depository receipt programs in the development of these markets. Further, this book develops the first comprehensive framework for valuing a frontier equity market. The role of equity risk premium, as it affects early dynamic equity valuation, is also covered in order to illuminate important drivers of securities price performance. The book closes by discussing the philology of the frontier market valuation debate, in which every market participant is an important purveyor of information and a contributor to the final valuation dimension of equities. The main asset used to present the empirical concepts is a complete research database drawn from actual frontier market investing, which previously had been unavailable to academic researchers. As an active institutional asset management professional at a major Wall Street investment firm, the author marries academic theories, such as market efficiency and market segmentation, to the real world of high stakes and high risk frontier market investing. This book illustrates the applicability and, in some cases, the uselessness of financial theory when applied to this new and rising asset class. It opens the discussion of equity valuation theory for an environment where many conventional rules of asset price determination need to be rewritten. As the first research-level monograph exclusively dedicated to frontier emerging equity market analysis, it offers a unique dual perspective on how academic financial research finds it a complementary and sometimes antagonistic counterpart of real-life investment decision-making. This book can help both professional investors and students of finance to understand frontier equity market valuation and development.