Download or read book Translation Brains and the Computer written by Bernard Scott and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about machine translation (MT) and the classic problems associated with this language technology. It examines the causes of these problems and, for linguistic, rule-based systems, attributes the cause to language’s ambiguity and complexity and their interplay in logic-driven processes. For non-linguistic, data-driven systems, the book attributes translation shortcomings to the very lack of linguistics. It then proposes a demonstrable way to relieve these drawbacks in the shape of a working translation model (Logos Model) that has taken its inspiration from key assumptions about psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic function. The book suggests that this brain-based mechanism is effective precisely because it bridges both linguistically driven and data-driven methodologies. It shows how simulation of this cerebral mechanism has freed this one MT model from the all-important, classic problem of complexity when coping with the ambiguities of language. Logos Model accomplishes this by a data-driven process that does not sacrifice linguistic knowledge, but that, like the brain, integrates linguistics within a data-driven process. As a consequence, the book suggests that the brain-like mechanism embedded in this model has the potential to contribute to further advances in machine translation in all its technological instantiations.

Download or read book The Computer and the Brain written by John Von Neumann and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the views of one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century on the analogies between computing machines and the living human brain. John von Neumann concludes that the brain operates in part digitally, in part analogically, but uses a peculiar statistical language unlike that employed in the operation of man-made computers. This edition includes a new foreword by two eminent figures in the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, and consciousness.

Download or read book Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research written by Michael Carl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assembles fifteen original, interdisciplinary research chapters that explore methodological and conceptual considerations as well as user and usage studies to elucidate the relation between the translation product and translation/post-editing processes. It introduces numerous innovative empirical/data-driven measures as well as novel classification schemes and taxonomies to investigate and quantify the relation between translation quality and translation effort in from-scratch translation, machine translation post-editing and computer-assisted audiovisual translation. The volume addresses questions in the translation of cognates, neologisms, metaphors, and idioms, as well as figurative and cultural specific expressions. It re-assesses the notion of translation universals and translation literality, elaborates on the definition of translation units and syntactic equivalence, and investigates the impact of translation ambiguity and translation entropy. The results and findings are interpreted in the context of psycho-linguistic models of bilingualism and re-frame empirical translation process research within the context of modern dynamic cognitive theories of the mind. The volume bridges the gap between translation process research and machine translation research. It appeals to students and researchers in the fields.

Download or read book Statistical Machine Translation written by Philipp Koehn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dream of automatic language translation is now closer thanks to recent advances in the techniques that underpin statistical machine translation. This class-tested textbook from an active researcher in the field, provides a clear and careful introduction to the latest methods and explains how to build machine translation systems for any two languages. It introduces the subject's building blocks from linguistics and probability, then covers the major models for machine translation: word-based, phrase-based, and tree-based, as well as machine translation evaluation, language modeling, discriminative training and advanced methods to integrate linguistic annotation. The book also reports the latest research, presents the major outstanding challenges, and enables novices as well as experienced researchers to make novel contributions to this exciting area. Ideal for students at undergraduate and graduate level, or for anyone interested in the latest developments in machine translation.

Download or read book Translation Quality Assessment written by Joss Moorkens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume that brings together research and practice from academic and industry settings and a combination of human and machine translation evaluation. Its comprehensive collection of papers by leading experts in human and machine translation quality and evaluation who situate current developments and chart future trends fills a clear gap in the literature. This is critical to the successful integration of translation technologies in the industry today, where the lines between human and machine are becoming increasingly blurred by technology: this affects the whole translation landscape, from students and trainers to project managers and professionals, including in-house and freelance translators, as well as, of course, translation scholars and researchers. The editors have broad experience in translation quality evaluation research, including investigations into professional practice with qualitative and quantitative studies, and the contributors are leading experts in their respective fields, providing a unique set of complementary perspectives on human and machine translation quality and evaluation, combining theoretical and applied approaches.

Download or read book Literary Translator Studies written by Klaus Kaindl and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume extends and deepens our understanding of Translator Studies by charting new territory in terms of theory, methods and concepts. The focus is on literary translators, their roles, identities, and personalities. The book introduces pertinent translator-centered approaches in four sections: historical-biographical studies, social-scientific and process-oriented methods, and approaches that use paratexts or translations to study literary translators. Drawing on a variety of concepts, such as identity, role, self, posture, habitus, and voice, the various chapters showcase forgotten literary translators and shed new light on some well-known figures; they examine literary translators not as functioning units but as human beings in their uniqueness. Literary Translator Studies as a subdiscipline of Translation Studies demonstrates how exploring the cultural, social, psychological, and cognitive facets of translatorial subjects contributes to a holistic understanding of translation.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces Handbook written by Chang S. Nam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook: Technological and Theoretical Advances provides a tutorial and an overview of the rich and multi-faceted world of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs). The authors supply readers with a contemporary presentation of fundamentals, theories, and diverse applications of BCI, creating a valuable resource for anyone involved with the improvement of people’s lives by replacing, restoring, improving, supplementing or enhancing natural output from the central nervous system. It is a useful guide for readers interested in understanding how neural bases for cognitive and sensory functions, such as seeing, hearing, and remembering, relate to real-world technologies. More precisely, this handbook details clinical, therapeutic and human-computer interfaces applications of BCI and various aspects of human cognition and behavior such as perception, affect, and action. It overviews the different methods and techniques used in acquiring and pre-processing brain signals, extracting features, and classifying users’ mental states and intentions. Various theories, models, and empirical findings regarding the ways in which the human brain interfaces with external systems and environments using BCI are also explored. The handbook concludes by engaging ethical considerations, open questions, and challenges that continue to face brain–computer interface research. Features an in-depth look at the different methods and techniques used in acquiring and pre-processing brain signals, extracting features, and classifying the user's intention Covers various theories, models, and empirical findings regarding ways in which the human brain can interface with the systems or external environments Presents applications of BCI technology to understand various aspects of human cognition and behavior such as perception, affect, action, and more Includes clinical trials and individual case studies of the experimental therapeutic applications of BCI Provides human factors and human-computer interface concerns in the design, development, and evaluation of BCIs Overall, this handbook provides a synopsis of key technological and theoretical advances that are directly applicable to brain–computer interfacing technologies and can be readily understood and applied by individuals with no formal training in BCI research and development.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by Jonathan Wolpaw and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 15 years, a recognizable surge in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) research and development has emerged. This emergence has sprung from a variety of factors. For one, inexpensive computer hardware and software is now available and can support the complex high-speed analyses of brain activity that is essential is BCI. Another factor is the greater understanding of the central nervous system including the abundance of new information on the nature and functional correlates of brain signals and improved methods for recording these signals in both the short-term and long-term. And the third, and perhaps most significant factor, is the new recognition of the needs and abilities of people disabled by disorders such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophies. The severely disabled are now able to live for many years and even those with severely limited voluntary muscle control can now be given the most basic means of communication and control because of the recent advances in the technology, research, and applications of BCI. This book is intended to provide an introduction to and summary of essentially all major aspects of BCI research and development. Its goal is to be a comprehensive, balanced, and coordinated presentation of the field's key principles, current practice, and future prospects.

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Brain Computer Interfacing with BCI2000 written by Gerwin Schalk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is BCI2000? BCI2000 is a general-purpose software platform for brain–computer interface (BCI) research. It can also be used for a wide variety of data acquisition, stimulus p- sentation, and brain monitoring applications. BCI2000 has been in development since 2000 in a project led by the Brain–Computer Interface R&D Program at the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health in Albany, New York, USA, with substantial contributions by the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology at the University of Tübingen, Germany. In addition, many laboratories around the world, most notably the BrainLab at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia, and Fondazione Santa Lucia in Rome, Italy, have also played an important role in the project’s development. Mission The mission of the BCI2000 project is to facilitate research and the development of applications in all areas that depend on real-time acquisition, processing, and feedback of biosignals. Vision Our vision is that BCI2000 will become a widely used software tool for diverse areas of research and development.

Download or read book Brain Machine Interfaces written by Jens Schouenborg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few examples of the contribution of animal research for clinical application of Deep Brain Stimulation, Christelle Baunez 13. Deep Brain Stimulation- challenges and opportunities, Andres M. Lozano 14. Cochlear and retinal prostheses: an overview of safety and efficacy, neural rescue and brain plasticity studies, Rob Shepherd 15. Cochlear implants: Matching the prosthesis to the brain and facilitating desired plastic changes in brain function, Blake Wilson 16. Neural microstimulation parameters and interfacial quality effects, Kevin Otto 17. The Feasibility of a Cortically Based Visual Prosthesis: Stimulation and Recording in Monkey Visual Cortex with Chronically Implanted Microelectrode Arrays, Dick Normann 18. Physical and chemical factors influencing the biocompatibility of an implant, Lars Magnus Bjursten 19. A Biologically-based Design Strategy for Reducing the Foreign Body Response to Chronically Implanted Neural Interfaces, Patrick Tresco 20. Biocompatibility and CNS: need for standardization? Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier 21. Reviving the CPG after spinal cord injury, Serge Rossignol 22. What does the brain control? Gerald E. Loeb 23. Advanced use of electrical stimulation for recovery of function, Dejan B. Popovic 24. Restoring Standing and Walking by the Reactivation of Central Neural Networks, Vivian Mushahwar 25. Reanimating the arm and hand with intraspinal stimulation, Andrew Jackson 26. Ethics of Control and Consent in Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease, Paul J. Ford 27. Neuroprosthetics and Neuromarkers, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos 28. Neural Signal Processing: At the Interface Between Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Partha P. Mitra 29. Inference of hand movements from population activity in monkey and human sensorimotor cortex: Towards Brain-Machine Interfaces, Ad Aertsen 30. Semiconductor Chips with Ion Channels, Nerve Cells and Brain Tissue, Peter Fromherz 31. Interfacing Neurons with Carbon Nanotubes: (re)engineering single-neuron excitability and network connectivity in Cultured Brain Circuits 32. Nanomodified surfaces and neurite outgrowth, Martin Kanje 33. Nanochannels for cell biology and DNA analysis, Jonas Tegenfeldt 34. Establishing Reliable Communication Across the Glial Scar: In-Situ Polymerization of Conjugated Polymers in Living Cortex, David C. Martin.

Download or read book Applications of Brain Computer Interfaces in Intelligent Technologies written by Szczepan Paszkiel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-08 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BCI technology finds newer and newer implementations. Year by year, the number of publications in this field grows exponentially. This book attempts to describe the implementation of the brain-computer technology based on both STM32 and Arduino microcontrollers. In addition, the application of BCI technology in the field of intelligent houses, robotic lines as well as in the field of bionic prostheses was presented. One of the chapters of the monograph also discusses the issue of fMRI in the context of the possibility of analyzing images made as part of fMRI through solutions based on machine learning. A practical implementation of the TensorFlow framework was presented. The fMRI technique is also often implemented in BCI solutions. The conducted literature studies show that the technology of BCI is undoubtedly a technology of the future. However, there is a need for continuous development of biomedical signal processing methods in order to obtain the most efficient implementations in the case of non-invasive implementation of BCI technology based on EEG. The further development of BCI technology has a huge impact on the techniques of rehabilitation of people with disabilities. Nowadays, wheelchairs are being constructed, thanks to which a disabled person is physically able to direct his position in a certain direction and at a certain speed. Thanks to BCI, it is also possible to create an individual speech synthesizer, with the help of which a paralyzed person will be able to communicate with the outside world. New limb prostheses that will replace the lost locomotor system in almost one hundred percent are still being developed. Some prostheses are connected to the human nervous system, thanks to which they are able to send feedback to our brain about the shape, hardness and temperature of the object held in the artificial limb.

Download or read book Toward Brain computer Interfacing written by Guido Dornhege and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a timely overview of the latest BCI research, with contributions from many of the important research groups in the field.

Download or read book Knowledge Systems and Translation written by Helle V. Dam and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2005 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally agreed that knowledge plays an important role in translation and interpreting. This book systematically addresses the question of knowledge in translation and interpreting. The experts present a variety of conceptions of knowledge and a number of different approaches to the study of knowledge in translation and interpreting.

Download or read book Handbook of Neural Engineering written by Stephanie Willerth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-27 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Neural Engineering: A Modern Approach provides a comprehensive overview of the field from biology to recent technological advances through an interdisciplinary lens. The book is divided into three sections: 1) Biological Considerations for Neural Engineering, 2) Neural Engineering Strategies, and 3) Emerging Technologies for Neural Engineering. It provides the first comprehensive text that addresses this combination of subjects. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis, represent an enormous healthcare burden, and many of these diseases lack true cures, making it imperative to study the biological systems that become disordered to understand potential treatment options. This book covers the basic neurobiology and physiology, common neural engineering strategies, and emerging technologies in this field. It is designed to support an upper year/graduate elective course in neural engineering, and will provide a foundational overview of the field for interdisciplinary researchers, clinicians, engineers, and industry professionals. The handbook provides readers with a strong base in both biological and engineering principles along with the concepts necessary to implement solutions using Neural Engineering. - Includes coverage of foundational concepts of the fast-moving field of Neural Engineering, from overview and structure of the nervous system, cellular biology of the nervous system, extracellular matrix of the nervous system, role of the immune system in the nervous system, disease states of the nervous system, and the effects of trauma and chronic pain on the nervous system - Provides readers with understanding of Neural Engineering strategies, in key areas such as imagining, examining nervous system function, neural interfaces, Brain-Computer Interfaces, neural prostheses, neurorobotics, and neural tissue engineering - Includes a complete section on emerging technologies for neural engineering applications, such as optogenetics, gene editing, brain organoids, and modeling with organ-on-a-chip systems

Download or read book Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology written by Chan Sin-wai and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, second edition, provides a state-of-the-art survey of the field of computer-assisted translation. It is the first definitive reference to provide a comprehensive overview of the general, regional, and topical aspects of this increasingly significant area of study. The Encyclopedia is divided into three parts: Part 1 presents general issues in translation technology, such as its history and development, translator training, and various aspects of machine translation, including a valuable case study of its teaching at a major university; Part 2 discusses national and regional developments in translation technology, offering contributions covering the crucial territories of China, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, the Netherlands and Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States; Part 3 evaluates specific matters in translation technology, with entries focused on subjects such as alignment, concordancing, localization, online translation, and translation memory. The new edition has five additional chapters, with many chapters updated and revised, drawing on the expertise of over 50 contributors from around the world and an international panel of consultant editors to provide a selection of chapters on the most pertinent topics in the discipline. All the chapters are self-contained, extensively cross-referenced, and include useful and up-to-date references and information for further reading. It will be an invaluable reference work for anyone with a professional or academic interest in the subject.

Download or read book Consciousness and Cognition written by Henri Cohen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What were the circumstances that led to the development of our cognitive abilities from a primitive hominid to an essentially modern human? The answer to this question is of profound importance to understanding our present nature. Since the steep path of our cognitive development is the attribute that most distinguishes humans from other mammals, this is also a quest to determine human origins. This collection of outstanding scientific problems and the revelation of the many ways they can be addressed indicates the scope of the field to be explored and reveals some avenues along which research is advancing. Distinguished scientists and researchers who have advanced the discussion of the mind and brain contribute state-of-the-art presentations of their field of expertise. Chapters offer speculative and provocative views on topics such as body, culture, evolution, feelings, genetics, history, humor, knowledge, language, machines, neuroanatomy, pathology, and perception. This book will appeal to researchers and students in cognitive neuroscience, experimental psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. - Includes a contribution by Noam Chomsky, one of the most cited authors of our time

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Nanotechnology written by Jaber, Wassim and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-12-07 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the world of academia, scholars and researchers are confronted with a rapidly expanding knowledge base in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology. The integration of these two groundbreaking fields presents an intricate web of concepts, innovations, and interdisciplinary applications that can overwhelm even the most astute academic minds. Staying up to date with the latest developments and effectively navigating this complex terrain has become a pressing challenge for those striving to contribute meaningfully to these fields. Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Nanotechnology is a transformative solution meticulously crafted to address the academic community's knowledge gaps and challenges. This comprehensive book serves as the guiding light for scholars, researchers, and students grappling with the dynamic synergy between AI and Nanotechnology. It offers a structured and authoritative exploration of the core principles and transformative applications of these domains across diverse fields. By providing clarity and depth, it empowers academics to stay at the forefront of innovation and make informed contributions.