Download or read book Determinants of Transient and Chronic Poverty written by Jyotsna Jalan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both chronic and transient poverty are reduced by greater command over physical capital, and life-cycle effects for the two types of poverty are similar. But there the similarities end. Most policies aimed at reducing chronic poverty may have little or no effect on transient poverty. Are the determinants of chronic and transient poverty different? Do policies that reduce transient poverty also reduce chronic poverty?Jalan and Ravallion decompose measures of household poverty into chronic and transient components and use censored conditional quantile estimators to investigate the household and geographic determinants of both chronic and transient poverty, taking panel data for post-reform rural China. They find that a household's average wealth holding is an important determinant for both transient and chronic poverty. Although household demographics, levels of education, and the health status of members of the household are important for chronic poverty, they are not significant determinants of transient poverty.Both chronic and transient poverty are reduced by greater command over physical capital, and life-cycle effects for the two types of poverty are similar. But there the similarities end. Smaller and better-educated households have less chronic poverty, but household size and level of education matters little for transient poverty. Living in an area where health and education are better reduces chronic poverty but appears to be irrelevant to transient poverty. Nor are higher foodgrain yields a significant determinant of transient poverty, although they are highly significant in reducing chronic poverty.These findings suggest that China's poor-area development program may be appropriate for reducing chronic poverty but is unlikely to help reduce variations in consumption that households typically face in poor areas - the exposure to uninsured income risk that underlies transient poverty will probably persist. Other policy instruments may be needed to deal with transient poverty, including seasonal public works, credit schemes, buffer stocks, and insurance options for the poor.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group- is part of a larger effort in the group to reexamine the role of the informal sector.

Download or read book Determinants of Transient and Chronic Poverty written by Jyotsna Jalan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transient and Chronic Rural Household Poverty written by Milu Charles Muyanga and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the earlier studies of poverty in Kenya have basically been static in nature. They have attempted to measure household welfare -- incidence, gap and severity -- at a point in time. Such studies are undeniably vital. However, they do not necessarily provide a good indication of welfare stability over time. This study makes an empirical contribution to poverty analysis in Kenya by incorporating poverty dynamics dimension. We first examine poverty dynamics using economic transition matrices. Next, we decompose total poverty into transient and chronic poverty components using transient poverty as censored fluctuation and equally-distributed equivalent poverty gaps approaches for comparison. The latter approach introduces inequality into poverty decomposition. Finally, we establish important correlates of poverty components using quantile-censored and non-parametric regressions. Given the high rural household poverty incidences and the country's limited resources, this study has critical implications for economic policy in Kenya.

Download or read book Transient Proverty in Rural China written by Jyotsna Jalan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transient and Chronic Rural Household Poverty written by Milu Charles Muyanga and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the earlier studies of poverty in Kenya have basically been static in nature. They have attempted to measure household welfare - incidence, gap and severity - at a point in time. Such studies are undeniably vital. However, they do not necessarily provide a good indication of welfare stability over time. This study makes an empirical contribution to poverty analysis in Kenya by incorporating poverty dynamics dimension. We first examine poverty dynamics using economic transition matrices. Next, we decompose total poverty into transient and chronic poverty components using transient poverty as censored fluctuation and equally-distributed equivalent poverty gaps approaches for comparison. The latter approach introduces inequality into poverty decomposition. Finally, we establish important correlates of poverty components using quantile-censored and non-parametric regressions. Given the high rural household poverty incidences and the country's limited resources, this study has critical implications for economic policy in Kenya.

Download or read book Chronic vs Transient Poverty written by Anna Miller and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 65%, University of Nottingham (Economics), course: MSc in Applied Economics and Financial Economics, language: English, abstract: Measuring poverty requires long time periods. Different from other macroeconomic variables like the GDP or the inflation rate of a country, which can be determined immediately and quite precisely at every point in time, it is not that straightforward to measure the level or degree of poverty. If we were to count all people below a certain poverty line at a particular time, we would know only half of the story behind those poor. Some one can fall below the poverty line in one period but climb above it in the next; on the other hand, some one can be persistently below the poverty line. Therefore it is not enough to take only one snapshot of the scenario but one has to take into account that people can be either chronically or transiently poor and that there is a lot of movement in and out of poverty. Commonly poverty is measured by looking at consumption of households rather than their incomes. The reason is that income in many cases is only difficult to capture precisely. A self-employed farmer may not have a monetary income but only his harvest, which can be only inaccurately translated into monthly incomes. However, his consumption of food is easy to determine and can also be properly reported. This aspect allows for tracking the households’ poverty level at their different states such that a farmer’s consumption before the harvesting season is most likely to be lower than after and thus his poverty level might change from below the poverty line to above it.This kind of household moves in and out of poverty depending on the season and therefore it is not enough to interview him only once. Figure 1 shows how income can develop over a time period of 5 units. Whereas individual 1’s income is persistently below the poverty line and it experiences permanent deprivation, individual 3 manages to escape poverty after the third period. On the other hand, individual 2’s income rises above the poverty line in period 2 but declines again after the third, which is the typical pattern of transient poverty. However, we do not know for sure what happened after the fifth and before the first period and therefore cannot draw unambiguous conclusions. Considering the fact that poverty has two faces, one should analyse the shares of people that are chronically and transiently poor, respectively. Not only is this a correct measure of poverty but it also provides crucial information for the policymakers.

Download or read book The Causes of Chronic and Transient Poverty and Their Implications for Poverty Reduction Policy in Rural China written by Shi Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study focuses on two components of total poverty: chronic and transient poverty, and investigates their relative importance in total observed poverty, as well as the determinants of each component. We found that transient poverty accounts for a large proportion of total poverty observed in the poor rural areas of China. By analyzing the determinants of the two types of poverty, we found that household demographic characteristics, such as age of the head of households, family sizes, labour participation ratio, and educational level of the head of the households, are very important to the poverty status of households. These factors matter more to chronic poverty than transient poverty, and have greater impacts on the poverty measured by consumption than that measured by income. Besides the demographic factors of households, other household factors like physical stocks, the composition of income, and the amount of cultivated lands also have significant effects on both chronic and transient poverty. It is also confirmed that change in cash holding and saving and borrowing grain are used by rural households to cope with income variation and smooth their consumption. Attributes of community where the households reside are also important to poverty.With very few exceptions, we did not find that poverty programs have significant impact on poverty reduction at the households' level. We interpreted this as the poverty programs benefiting the wealthy more than the poor in a given poor area. The main reason for this could be that the implementation design of these programs fails to target the poor.

Download or read book Transient Poverty in Rural China written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors study transient poverty in a six-year panel dataset for a sample of 5,000 households in post-reform rural China. Half of the mean squared poverty gap is transient, in that it is directly attributable to fluctuations in consumption over time. There is enough transient poverty to treble the cost of eliminating chronic poverty when targeting solely according to current consumption - and to title the balance in favor of untargeted transfers. Transient poverty is low among the chronically poorest, and tends to be high among those near the poverty line. Using censored quantile regression techniques, the authors find that systemic factors determine transient poverty, although they are generally congruent with the determinants of chronic poverty. There is little to suggest that the two types of poverty are created by fundamentally different processes. It appears that the same things that would help reduce chronic poverty - higher and more secure farm yield and higher levels of physical and human capital - would also help reduce transient poverty.

Download or read book Transient Poverty in Rural China written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1996 The authors study transient poverty in a six-year panel dataset for a sample of 5,000 households in post-reform rural China. Half of the mean squared poverty gap is transient, in that it is directly attributable to fluctuations in consumption over time. There is enough transient poverty to treble the cost of eliminating chronic poverty when targeting solely according to current consumption - and to title the balance in favor of untargeted transfers. Transient poverty is low among the chronically poorest, and tends to be high among those near the poverty line. Using censored quantile regression techniques, the authors find that systemic factors determine transient poverty, although they are generally congruent with the determinants of chronic poverty. There is little to suggest that the two types of poverty are created by fundamentally different processes. It appears that the same things that would help reduce chronic poverty - higher and more secure farm yield and higher levels of physical and human capital - would also help reduce transient poverty.

Download or read book Poverty Dynamics in Developing Countries written by Shahin Yaqub and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chronic Poverty in a Remote Rural District in South West Madhya Pradesh written by Amita Shah and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structuralist perspective envisages poverty, especially in rural India, as a long duration phenomenon. Over time, most of the structural features of poverty have remained more or less intact. As a result, a large proportion of the poor in India are also chronically poor in terms of duration as well as severity (Mehta and Shah, 2002). Economic growth achieved through the processes of planned development since the early fifties, have made a significant dent in the incidence of poverty measured in terms of average expenditure of the households. Thus, incidence of poverty in India declined from 52 per cent in 1977-78 to 39 per cent in 1987-88 and further to 36 percent in 1993-94 and 27 per cent in 1999-2000 (Hirway and Dev, 2000). This suggests a substantial impact in terms of poverty reduction at an aggregate level. The impact, however has been fairly varied across regions and households. Three different trajectories can be visualized for those who were poor in the initial period. These are: (i) crossing over the poverty barrier on a sustained basis, (ii) moving above and below the poverty line, and (iii) always remaining below the poverty line. The households experiencing different trajectories represent non-poor, transient poor, and chronically poor (in duration sense). A fourth category consists of households that have never been poor.

Download or read book Poverty and Policy written by Michael Lipton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rural Poverty in Developing Countries written by Mr.Mahmood Hasan Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-03-14 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews causes of poverty in rural areas and presents a policy framework for reducing rural poverty, including through land reform, public works programs, access to credit, physical and social infrastructure, subsidies, and transfer of technology. Identifies key elements for drafting a policy to reduce rural poverty.

Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Download or read book Rural Poverty in Developing Countries written by Mr. Mahmood Hasan Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-04-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most developing countries, poverty is more widespread and severe in rural than in urban areas. The author reviews some important aspects of rural poverty and draws key implications for public policy. He presents a policy framework for reducing poverty, taking into account the functional differences and overlap between the rural poor. Several policy options are delineated and explained, including stable management of the macroeconomic environment, transfer of assets, investment in and access to the physical and social infrastructure, access to credit and jobs, and provision of safety nets. Finally, some guideposts are identified for assessing strategies to reduce rural poverty.

Download or read book Left Behind written by Renos Vakis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One out of every five Latin Americans or around 130 million people have never known anything but poverty, subsisting on less than US$4-a-day throughout their lives. These are the region ́s chronically poor, who have remained so despite unprecedented inroads against poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean since the turn of the century. Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean takes a closer look at the region’s entrenched poor, who and where they are, and how existing policies need to change in order to effectively assist them. The book shows significant variations of rates of chronic poverty both across and within countries. Within a single country, some regions show incidence rates up to eight times higher than the lowest. Despite the higher rates of chronic poverty in rural areas, chronic poverty is as much an urban as a rural issue. In fact, considering absolute numbers, urban areas in many countries, including Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and the Dominican Republic, have more chronic poor than rural areas. Undoubtedly the region has come a long way during the decade in terms of poverty reduction, guided by a mix of sustained growth and increased levels in amounts and quality of public spending and programs targeted directly or indirectly to the chronic poor. While improving endowments and the context where the chronic poor live is a necessary condition going forward, the decade’s experience suggests that it may not be enough to reach the chronic poor. The book posits that refinements to the existing policy toolkit †“ as opposed to more programs †“ may come a long way in helping the remaining poor. These refinements include intensifying efforts to improve coordination between different social and economic programs, which can boost the income generation process and deal with the intergenerational transmission of chronic poverty by investing in early childhood development. Equally important though, there is an urgent need to adapt programs to directly address the psychological toll of chronic poverty on people’s mindset and aspirations, which currently undermines the effectiveness of the existing policy efforts.

Download or read book Rural poverty analysis written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing rural poverty is a key objective of FAO. To achieve this goal, the Organization must reach the poor and the extremely poor in rural areas, analysing their needs and aspirations and providing effective guidance for the design of policies and investments that foster inclusive and sustainable development. This guide was developed to strengthen the Organization’s work on rural poverty reduction and inclusivity over the coming years. It provides key information to measure poverty, characterize rural populations, and identify their constraints to target them more accurately. The guide includes five chapters. Chapter 1 explains the structure, content, and use of the guide, as well as its intended users and objectives. Chapter 2 discusses how poverty is measured, focusing on the different indicators that can be used, depending on the context, specific circumstances, data availability and policy objectives. Chapter 3 provides guidance on how to build a poverty profile and produce poverty maps to understand who the poor are and where they are located. Chapter 4 focuses on the targeting process, on various targeting techniques and on how to choose one over another to ensure that programmes and projects effectively combat poverty, particularly in rural areas. Finally, Chapter 5 sets the next steps for the development of further analytical guides. The various chapters provide an overview of both widely used and emerging techniques in poverty analysis, focusing on quantitative methods, and giving constant attention to FAO’s areas of work and the challenges posed by operating in rural areas.