Download or read book Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Partitioning written by Sarah E. A. McLean and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) pathway has been conserved throughout evolution and plays important roles in tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the TGFbeta pathway has been implicated in a number of disorders, including cancer, fibrosis, and vascular conditions. The signalling potential of the TGFbeta pathway is regulated by the route of internalization of its cell-surface receptors: Receptors internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis propagate signal transduction while those internalized by membrane rafts are targeted for degradation. Given the importance of trafficking of the TGFbeta receptors to signal propagation, this thesis focuses on evaluating proteins which direct TGFb receptor internalization and trafficking. Initial work in this thesis shows that the extracellular domain of the type II TGFbeta receptor (TbRII) and the glycosylation state of the cell are important factors in permitting membrane-raft localization of TbRII. Using this information I assessed the ability of TbRIII, a glycosylated cell surface protein, to direct TbRII internalization. I found that TbRIII increases membrane-raft independent internalization of TbRII, increases TbRII/TbRI complex half-life, and basal TGFbeta signalling. I next assessed the role of beta arrestin2, a protein which interacts with TbRIII, in regulating TbRII trafficking and signalling. I show that beta arrestin2 interacts with TbRII and traffics with TbRII to the early endosome to increase Smad-dependent signalling. Also, I show that depletion of beta arrestin2 increases Smad-independent signal transduction. In the last data chapter of this thesis, I evaluate the role of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3, to direct TGFbeta trafficking and signalling. I found that TGFbeta3 is less potent than TGFbeta1 at propagating TGFbeta signalling. I also show that TGFbeta3 induces a different binding ratio of TbRII/TbRI cell-surface complexes, which could explain its decreased potency. Overall my studies highlight the role of receptor-interacting proteins in directing TGFbeta receptor trafficking and signal transduction. Since this pathway is dysregulated in a number of pathologies, my studies suggest that TGFbeta receptor trafficking is an important avenue to modifying TGFbeta signal transduction.
Download or read book Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis written by Dan Simionescu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to highlight novel advances in the field and to incentivize scientists from a variety of fields to pursue angiogenesis as a research avenue. Blood vessel formation and maturation to capillaries, arteries, or veins is a fascinating area which can appeal to multiple scientists, students, and professors alike. Angiogenesis is relevant to medicine, engineering, pharmacology, and pathology and to the many patients suffering from blood vessel diseases and cancer, among others. We are hoping that this book will become a source of inspiration and novel ideas for all.
Download or read book Smad Signal Transduction written by Peter Dijke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book on Smad signal transduction. Forward looking reviews of Smads are provided in a series of 22 cutting-edge chapters. The book is written for an audience with basic understanding of molecular and cell biology. This volume provides an in-depth review of a rapidly developing field and extensive cross-references between chapters are provided.
Download or read book Free Energy Calculations written by Christophe Chipot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free energy constitutes the most important thermodynamic quantity to understand how chemical species recognize each other, associate or react. Examples of problems in which knowledge of the underlying free energy behaviour is required, include conformational equilibria and molecular association, partitioning between immiscible liquids, receptor-drug interaction, protein-protein and protein-DNA association, and protein stability. This volume sets out to present a coherent and comprehensive account of the concepts that underlie different approaches devised for the determination of free energies. The reader will gain the necessary insight into the theoretical and computational foundations of the subject and will be presented with relevant applications from molecular-level modelling and simulations of chemical and biological systems. Both formally accurate and approximate methods are covered using both classical and quantum mechanical descriptions. A central theme of the book is that the wide variety of free energy calculation techniques available today can be understood as different implementations of a few basic principles. The book is aimed at a broad readership of graduate students and researchers having a background in chemistry, physics, engineering and physical biology.
Download or read book Endosome Signaling Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This is the second of two volumes on endosome signaling and includes chapters on such topics as measurement of entry into the endosomal compartment by multi-parametric image analysis, assessment of peptide internalization and endosomal signaling, and VEGF-A in endosomal signaling. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers endosome signaling Contains chapters on such topics as measurement of biological effects of endosomal proteolysis of internalized insulin and multi-vesicular endosome biogenesis.
Download or read book Colorectal Liver Metastases Different Aspects on Treatment with Associated Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy and on Portal Vein Occlusion written by Kristina Hasselgren and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: For patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), the only treatment with a possibility for long-term survival and cure is radical resection. The majority of patients are at the time of diagnosis not assessed as resectable because they have advanced disease in the liver or unresectable extrahepatic disease or are too frail to withstand liver surgery. Patients who at the time of diagnosis are not assessed as resectable may be treated with conversion chemotherapy to downsize the tumor burden and render the patient eligible for resection. One concern with chemotherapy administered preoperatively has been the potential negative effect on the future liver remnant (FLR), especially for patients with a low volume of the FLR who are undergoing techniques to increase the volume. Established techniques to increase the volume are portal vein occlusion (PVO) and two-staged hepatectomy (TSH). A more recent method is Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS). Due to the relative novelty of ALPPS, the long-term oncological results are not known. For patients with CRLM, resection of liver metastases is more favorable from a health economic perspective than palliative treatment and results in a higher quality of life than palliative chemotherapy. For patients undergoing ALPPS as well as TSH, the data are scarce. Aim: The aim of the first study was to determine whether preoperative chemotherapy has a negative impact on the volume increase for patients undergoing ALPPS. The aim of the second study was to analyze the temporal course of the volume increase in the FLR for patients undergoing PVO. The aim of the third study was to study the long-term outcome for patients randomized to ALPPS or TSH. The aim of the fourth study was to perform a health economic analysis of patients randomized to ALPPS or TSH. Methods: The first study was based on data from the ALPPS registry, which is an international registry initiated 2012. All patients included in the registry between 2012 and 2016 were included. The patients were divided into the following four groups: no preoperative chemotherapy, 1 regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, more than 1 regimen, and more than 1 regimen with the addition of monoclonal antibodies. The volume increase between interventions 1 and 2 was analyzed. In the second study, a retrospective analysis was performed of patients randomized to TSH. Forty-eight patients were included. The volume increase of the FLR was analyzed as the kinetic growth rate (KGR). The KGR was calculated from PVO until radical hepatectomy or exclusion, as well as between the first and second radiological evaluations. In the third and fourth studies, patients randomized to ALPPS and TSH were included. In the third study, survival, as well as factors affecting the outcome, were analyzed. In the fourth study, a calculation of resource use was performed, as was an analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the groups. Results: In the first study, it was found that chemotherapy had no negative impact on the volume increase for patients undergoing ALPPS. In the second study, it was found that the volume increase of the FLR was largest the first week after ALPPS. In the third study, it was found that patients randomized to ALPPS had a longer survival than those randomized to TSH. Of the factors affecting the outcome, resection of liver metastases had a significant impact. In the fourth study, no significant difference could be found in resource use or HRQoL for patients randomized to ALPPS over TSH. Conclusion: Patients with advanced CRLM undergoing ALPPS should receive preoperative chemotherapy, if indicated. For those undergoing PVO, early evaluation is crucial to evaluate the volume increase, and for those with insufficient increase, additional techniques to increase the volume should be considered. Resection of liver metastases is an important factor to improve the outcome. Further studies are warranted to conclude whether ALPPS or TSH is most effective from a health economic perspective.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The TGF beta Family written by Rik Derynck and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF-[beta]), identified nearly three decades ago, is a secreted polypeptide that functions in critical cell cycle processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and development: It belongs to a large protein family that, in humans, contains 33 members, including activins, inhibins, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth and differentiation factors, and Mullerian inhibiting substance. This volume draws on the world's leading laboratories to comprehensively cover all aspects of the biology of TGF-[beta] and related factors. In addition to providing historical and background information, it describes the cell biology and signaling pathways of TGF-[beta] members in detail, including the roles of TGF-[beta] factors in the development and physiology of humans and model organisms. The last few chapters are devoted to the role of TGF-[beta] members in cancer and other diseases, as well as the possibilities for therapeutics based on knowledge of signaling pathways and macromolecular structures. It serves as a comprehensive reference work for both specialists and researchers less familiar with the field.
Download or read book Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Cancer Therapy Volume II written by Sonia B. Jakowlew and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming Growth Factor- ß in Cancer Therapy, Vols. 1 and 2, provides a compendium of findings about the role of transforming growth factor- ß (TGF- ß) in cancer treatment and therapy. The second volume, Cancer Treatment in Therapy, is divided into three parts. The companion volume details the role of TGF- ß on basic and clinical biology.
Download or read book The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System written by Damir Janigro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System overviews the changes in cell cycle as they relate to prenatal and post natal brain development, progression to neurological disease or tumor formation.Topics covered range from the cell cycle during the prenatal development of the mammalian central nervous system to future directions in postnatal neurogenesis through gene transfer, electrical stimulation, and stem cell introduction. Additional chapters examine the postnatal development of neurons and glia, the regulation of cell cycle in glia, and how that regulation may fail in pretumor conditions or following a nonneoplastic CNS response to injury. Highlights include treatments of the effects of deep brain stimulation on brain development and repair; the connection between the electrophysiological properties of neuroglia, cell cycle, and tumor progression; and the varied immunological responses and their regulation by cell cycle.
Download or read book Growth Factors and Their Receptors in Cell Differentiation Cancer and Cancer Therapy written by G V Sherbet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation G.V. Sherbet provides insights into the signalling processes involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis with emphasis on using the elements of the signalling cascades as targets for therapeutic deployment. The book focuses on the relationships and convergence of growth factors and their receptors in development and pathogenesis.
Download or read book Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Diseases written by Robert P. Baughman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad category of lung diseases that includes more than 150 disorders characterized by scarring or fibrosis of the lungs. In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Guide, renowned experts provide a state-of-the-art overview of the problems seen by physicians in the clinical management of ILDs. Divided into two sections, the first part provides and update on general issues and introduces both interstitial lung disease and associated pulmonary hypertension. A detailed analysis of the pathology of the various interstitial lung diseases is also provided. The second part addresses specific categories of disease. Bronchiolitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and other conditions are covered, and the use of inspiratory and expiratory high resolution CT scan is discussed as well. This important new text is an invaluable resource for the practicing physician who must be aware of the broad and troubling manifestations of interstitial lung disease.
Download or read book The Developing Human E Book written by Keith L. Moore and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-12-19 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, by Drs. Keith L. Moore, T.V.N. Persaud, and Mark G. Torchia, delivers the world’s most complete, visually rich, and clinically oriented coverage of this complex subject. Written by some of the world’s most famous anatomists, it presents week-by-week and stage-by-stage views of how fetal organs and systems develop, why and when birth defects occur, and what roles the placenta and fetal membranes play in development. Acquire a detailed grasp of human embryology with the world’s most comprehensive, richly illustrated, and clinically oriented coverage from a cadre of leading world authorities. Effectively prepare for exams with review questions and answers at the end of each chapter. Understand all of the latest advances in embryology, including normal and abnormal embryogenesis, causes of birth defects, and the role of genes in human development. See how discoveries in molecular biology have affected clinical practice, including the development of sophisticated new techniques such as recumbent DNA technology and stem cell manipulation. Prepare for the USMLE Step 1 with clinical case presentations, highlighted in special boxes, that demonstrate how embryology concepts relate to clinical practice.
Download or read book Chemistry and Biology of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate written by Hari G. Garg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology of heparin and heparan sulfate have been and continue to be a major scientific undertaking - heparin and its derivative remain important drugs in clinical practice. Chemistry and Biology of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate provides readers with an insight into the chemistry, biology and clinical applications of heparin and heparan sulfate and examines their function in various physiological and pathological conditions. Providing a wealth of useful information, no other tome covers the diversity of topics in the field. Students, doctors, chemists, biochemists, and research scientists will find this book an invaluable source for updating their current knowledge of developments in this area. Comprehensively reviews all aspects of heparin and heparan sulfate research Uniquely describes the chemistry, biology and clinical application of heparins and heparan sulfates in one work Provides an invaluable source of knowledge of current developments for chemists, biochemists, medical doctors, researchers, students and practitioners
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurotrophic Factors written by Gary R. Lewin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides critical reviews of the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s syndrome, cognitive function, psychiatric disorders such as clinical depression, Rett syndrome, motoneurone disease, spinal cord injury, pain, metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. It also contains contributions from leaders in the field dealing with the basic biology, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the neurotrophins and their receptors. The present book will review all recent areas of progress in the study of neurotrophins and their biological roles.
Download or read book Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycans and Glycosaminoglycans as Clinical Biomarkers and Therapeutics - Part A, Volume 162 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series provides informative monographs on a variety of research topics related to Glycans and glycosaminoglycans as clinical biomarkers and therapeutics. Topics in this update include Glycan-based Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Cancers and Other Diseases: Past, Present and Future, Desialylation in Diseases and its Application in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Development, Proteoglycans as Miscommunication Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis, Fucosylation in Cancer Biology and Its Clinical Applications, Retrospective Analysis of Glycan-Related Biomarkers Based on Clinical Laboratory Data in Two Medical Centers, and many related topics. Includes comprehensive coverage of molecular biology Presents ample use of tables, diagrams, schemata and color figures to enhance the reader's ability to rapidly grasp the information provided Contains contributions from renowned experts in the field
