Download or read book Applying the Arm s Length Principle to Intra group Financial Transactions written by Robert Danon and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that intercompany financing arrangements have become increasingly subject to scrutiny in contexts of applying transfer pricing and anti-tax avoidance-related rules. With contributions by more than 50 leading global transfer pricing and international tax experts from law firms, multinational enterprises, academia, and tax administrations, this book provides unparalleled insights into the application of the Arm’s Length Principle to different types of financial transactions, application of anti-avoidance rules to various intra-group financial arrangements as well as the business value creation process and the dispute management landscape that underlie intra-group financial transactions. With in-depth analysis of the legislation and market developments that fuel the diverse range of financing options available to market participants – and loaded with practical examples and case studies that cover the legal and economic considerations that arise when analysing intra-group finance – the contributors examine such topics and issues as the following: national anti-abuse rules applicable to financial transactions; tax treaty issues; role of credit ratings and impact of implicit support; loans, cash pooling, financial guarantees; transfer pricing aspects of performance guarantees; ‘mezzanine’ financing; considerations for crypto financing; impact of crises situations such as COVID-19; how treasury operations can be structured in a group and the decision-making process involved; how hedges offset or mitigate risks; how to apply the arm’s length principle to factoring and captive insurance transactions; comparability analysis for various transactions; special considerations for transactions carried out by a permanent establishment; EU state aid and its interaction with transfer pricing rules; dispute prevention and resolution tools under the OECD, UN, and EU frameworks; and developing countries’ perspectives, focusing on Brazil, India, and South Africa. Given the challenges facing taxpayers and tax authorities alike, this book will prove an immeasurably valuable reference guide to support tax practitioners, tax administrations, and tax scholars in developing standards and policies in dealing with intra-group financing issues.

Download or read book Transfer Pricing and Value Creation written by Raffaele Petruzzi and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value Creation and its effects on Transfer Pricing and tax law Emerging from the OECD/G20 BEPS Project, a new, somewhat fuzzy notion of Value Creation came to permeate not only Transfer Pricing language but also wider allocation rules and anti-abuse provisions in international tax law. The notion of ‘Value Creation’ reframes the interpretation and application of the Arm’s Length Principle (ALP) that is embedded in Articles 7 and 9 of the OECD Model Convention. This new Value Creation notion and approach assist in understanding key enterprise functions while different industry sectors manifest these concepts in various ways. Situating such notions and this approach within the law of tax treaties and analyzing terms of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines alongside their factual context is the aim of this book. Here, law students address Transfer Pricing and Value Creation in sectors as varied as commodities trade, automotive, consumer products, food and beverages, pharmaceutical and life sciences, telecommunications, and the key topic of value creation in a digitalized economy. Our LL.M. students were required to address issues not explored in legal research and to discuss factual topics relevant for Transfer Pricing. All students focused on topics that are new to the international tax debate that keep evolving and on factual matters that often escape legal research.

Download or read book Limiting Base Erosion written by Erik Pinetz and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limiting base erosion from different viewpoints Hybrid mismatch arrangements, CFC rules, transfer pricing rules: “Limiting Base Erosion”, the general topic for the master theses of the part-time LL.M. program 2015-2017, has been one of the most controversial topics in international tax law ever since the initiation of the OECD BEPS Project in 2013. Even though the final reports of the 15 BEPS Actions were released by the OECD in as early as October 2015, the question how to effectively target base erosion practices still has not lost any of its topicality. Following the efforts of the OECD in developing a new international tax environment, the focus of attention has now partly shifted to the OECD Member countries that have to properly implement the OECD recommendations in their domestic laws as well as in their tax treaty practice. In this respect, a comprehensive analysis in the literature of all the issues related to base erosion proves to be of the utmost importance in order to provide practical guidance to the Member countries during that the process of implementation. This book deals especially with four key areas of interest:Limiting base erosion by neutralizing the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangementsLimiting base erosion by strengthening CFC rulesMeasures against base erosion via interest deductions and other financial paymentsLimiting base erosion by improving transfer pricing rules.On that basis, 27 concrete topics were chosen in order to address the four key areas of interest from different viewpoints. Base erosion and the challenges they present: read more in “Limiting Base Erosion”.

Download or read book Research Handbook on International Taxation written by Yariv Brauner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capturing the core challenges faced by the international tax regime, this timely Research Handbook assesses the impacts of these challenges on a range of stakeholders, evaluating various paths to reform at a time when international tax policy is a topic high on politicians’ agendas.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law written by Florian Haase and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 1185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tax Law is at a turning point. Increased tax transparency, the tackling of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), the reconstruction of the network of bilateral tax treaties, the renewed discussion about a fair and efficient allocation of taxing rights between States in a global, digitalized economy, and the bold push for minimum corporate taxation are some expressions of this shift. This new era also demonstrates the increased influence of international standard setters such as the OECD, the UN, and the EU. Each of these developments alone has the potential of being disruptive to the traditional world of international tax law, but together they have the potential to reshape the international tax system. The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law provides a comprehensive exploration of these key issues which will shape the future of tax law. Divided into eight parts, this handbook traces the history of international tax law from its earliest days until the present, including reflections on the developments that have characterized the last one hundred years. The second section places tax law within the broader international context considering how it relates to public and private international law, as well as corporate, trade, and criminal law. Sections three and four consider key legal principles and issues such as regional tax treaty models, OECD dispute resolution, and transfer pricing versus formulary apportionment. Subsequent analysis places these issues within their European and cross-border contexts providing an assessment of the role of the ECJ, state aid, and cross-border VAT. Section seven broadens the scope of this analysis, asking how trends in recent major economies and regions have helped shape the current outlook. The final section considers emerging issues and the future of international tax law. With over sixty authors from 28 different countries, the Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law is an invaluable resource for scholars, academics, and practitioners alike.

Download or read book Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions written by Ekkehart Reimert and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 3112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions is regarded as the international gold standard on the law of tax treaties. This article-by-article commentary has been completely revised and updated to give you a full and current account of double tax conventions (DTCs). DTCs form the backbone of international taxation, but they raise many interpretational questions. This market leading work will provide you with the answers. Based on the OECD/G20 Multilateral Instrument, the OECD MC and Commentary published in 2017 and the most recent amendments to the UN MC, the book also includes relevant case law and scholarly literature upto and including 2020. Previous editions of the Vogel have been routinely relied on by courts around the world including Australia, Canada, Germany, India, South Africa, the Netherlands and United Kingdom. What’s new in this edition? There have been many important developments in this area since the last edition in 2015. The authors discuss these developments and the effect they will have upon practitioners working in this area. They also provide a wealth of new and revised case law, along with the DTCs of emerging countries. You’ll find: Reports about major features in the DTC practice of many leading jurisdictions, such as: the DTC practice of Austria, Canada, France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US Sections on divergent country practice covering their national models and networks of bilateral DTCs Thorough analysis of the OECD and UN model, as well as the implementation of these models in practice Amendments of bilateral DTCs, textual or in substance, on the basis of the 2017 Anti-BEPS Multilateral Instrument Coverage of a full range of the latest tax treaties around the world, including important treaties between OECD and BRICS countries This new Fifth Edition of Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions continues to reflect the unchallenged role of the OECD. The OECD MC, accompanied by the official Commentary, guidelines, reports and other recommendations, has sustained its position as the most important legal instrument in the area of DTCs. On occasion, the UN MC and Commentary diverge from the OECD texts. When this happens, the authors deal with the specifics of the UN MC in separate annotations and analyses, explaining and making sure you understand the differences. How this will help you: All the information you need to confidently advise on issues such as the taxation of income, taxation of capital and the elimination of double taxation Know that your advice to clients is based on the most up-to-date and respected information available, from an outstanding team of editors and authors The editors, Professors Ekkehart Reimer and Alexander Rust, have worked with the late Professor Vogel as well as an international team of top experts to completely update and enhance the content. The writing team comprises: Editors: Prof. Dr Ekkehart Reimer, Heidelberg University and Prof. Dr Alexander Rust, WU Vienna. Authors: Johannes Becker, Federal Ministry of Finance, Berlin; Alexander Blank, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Katharina Blank, Federal Ministry of Finance, Berlin; Michael Blank, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Prof. Dr Luc De Broe, Catholic University of Leuven; Laga; Prof. Dr Axel Cordewener, Catholic University of Leuven and Flick Gocke Schaumburg ; Prof. Dr Ana Paula Dourado, University of Lisbon; Daniela Endres-Reich, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Prof. Dr Werner Haslehner, University of Luxembourg; Prof. Dr Roland Ismer, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Prof. Dr Eric C. C. M. Kemmeren , Tilburg University; Prof. Dr Georg Kofler, WU Vienna; Sophia Piotrowski, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Prof. Dr Ekkehart Reimer, Heidelberg University; Prof. Dr Alexander Rust, WU Vienna; Annika Streicher, WU Vienna; Prof. Dr. Matthias Valta, Duesseldorf University; Jens Wittendorff, Ernst & Young, Copenhagen and University of Aarhus; Kamilla Zembala, Heidelberg University

Download or read book Transfer Pricing and Financial Transactions written by Michael Lang and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transfer pricing and financial transactions: Issues and developments Since years, issues related to transfer pricing and intra-group financing are prominent in the agendas of both taxpayers and governments. The extreme relevance of these topics and the need to address them has attracted the interest of various international organizations for a long time. Already in 1972, the OECD emphasized that these topics required further attention, and the 1979 OECD Transfer Pricing Report dedicated an entire chapter to issues concerning loans. However, the first OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines issued in 1995 did not include a chapter on these issues. Twenty-five years later, in February 2020, the OECD finally released its 2022 Transfer Pricing Guidelines on Financial Transactions that became Chapter X of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. Meanwhile, in 2021, the United Nations included these topics in Chapter 9 of its Practical Manual for Developing Countries. With those welcomed recent developments from the OECD and the UN, the topic is now being extensively discussed, especially considering the necessary implementation of the guidance at the national level and the future answers from the tax courts at national and European levels when dealing with this matter. This publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to this topic. Beginning with an in-depth analysis on the accurate delineation of financial transactions, it further deals with the specific transactions concerning loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium held in October 2021 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how those issues can be approached in practice.

Download or read book The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive written by Dirk A. Zetzsche and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-09-14 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apart from MiFID, the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) may be the most important European asset management regulation of the early twenty-first century. In this in-depth analytical and critical discussion of the content and system of the directive, thirty-eight contributing authors – academics, lawyers, consultants, fund supervisors, and fund industry experts – examine the AIFMD from every angle. They cover structure, regulatory history, scope, appointment and authorization of the manager, the requirements for depositaries and prime brokers, rules on delegation, reporting requirements, transitional provisions, and the objectives stipulated in the recitals and other official documents. The challenging implications and contexts they examine include the following: – connection with systemic risk and the financial crisis; - nexus with insurance for negligent conduct; - connection with corporate governance doctrine; - risk management; - transparency; - the cross-border dimension; - liability for lost assets; - impact on alternative investment strategies, and - the nexus with the European Regulation on Long-Term Investment Funds (ELTIFR). Nine country reports, representing most of Europe’s financial centres and fund markets add a national perspective to the discussion of the European regulation. These chapters deal with the potential interactions among the AIFMD and the relevant laws and regulations of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, The Netherlands, Malta and the United Kingdom. The second edition of the book continues to deliver not only the much-needed discussion of the inconsistencies and difficulties when applying the directive, but also provides guidance and potential solutions to the problems it raises. The second edition considers all new developments in the field of alternative investment funds, their managers, depositaries, and prime brokers, including, but not limited to, statements by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and national competent authorities on the interpretation of the AIFMD, as well as new European regulation, in particular the PRIIPS Regulation, the ELTIF Regulation, the Regulation on European Venture Capital Funds (EuVeCaR), the Regulation on European Social Entrepreneurship Funds (EUSEFR), MiFID II, and UCITS V. The book will be warmly welcomed by investors and their counsel, fund managers, depositaries, asset managers, administrators, as well as regulators and academics in the field.

Download or read book OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements Action 2 2015 Final Report written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) is a key priority of governments. In 2013, OECD and G20 countries, working together on an equal footing, adopted a 15-point Action Plan to address BEPS. This publication is the final report for Action 2.

Download or read book OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Aligning Transfer Pricing Outcomes with Value Creation Actions 8 10 2015 Final Reports written by OECD and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report contains revisions to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines to align transfer pricing outcomes with value creation. The revised guidance focuses on the following key areas: transfer pricing issues relating to transactions involving intangibles; contractual arrangements, including the contractual allocation of risks and corresponding profits, which are not supported by the activities actually carried out; the level of return to funding provided by a capital-rich MNE group member, where that return does not correspond to the level of activity undertaken by the funding company; and other high-risk areas. The report also sets out follow-up work to be carried out on the transactional profit split method which will lead to detailed guidance on the ways in which this method can appropriately be applied to further align transfer pricing outcomes with value creation.

Download or read book United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries 2017 written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Manual is a response to the need, often expressed by developing countries, for clearer guidance on the policy and administrative aspects of applying transfer pricing (profit shifting) analysis to some of the transactions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in particular.

Download or read book Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.

Download or read book OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Neutralising the Effects of Branch Mismatch Arrangements Action 2 Inclusive Framework on BEPS written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2017 report sets out recommendations for branch mismatch rules that would bring the treatment of these structures into line with the treatment of hybrid mismatch arrangements as set out in the 2015 Report on Neutralising the Effects of Hybrids Mismatch Arrangements (Action 2 Report).

Download or read book Transfer Pricing in a Post BEPS World written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project promises to make effective inroads into the much criticized corporate tax strategy known as aggressive transfer pricing, whereby the profitability of subsidiaries in different jurisdictions is “managed” via mispricing with the intent of minimizing the corporation’s overall tax burden. Although the OECD BEPS project is an ongoing endeavor, its accomplishments to date and developing trends are discernible. This book, including contributions by outstanding and renowned transfer pricing experts both from practice and academia, analyses these trends, and proposes reforms which would ensure that transfer pricing outcomes are better aligned with economic activities and value creation, which achieves a more equitable distribution of profits among different countries. Each chapter is dedicated to specific sections of the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan. Among the topics and issues covered are the following: – arm’s length principle and its ongoing development; – allocation of risk and recharacterization; – intangibles (both license model and cost contribution arrangements); – interest deductions and intra-group financing; – low value-adding services; – commissionaire arrangements and low-risk distributors; – attribution of profits to permanent establishments; – documentation requirements (including Country-by-Country Reporting). Within these topics, measures to identify the commercial and financial relationships inside multinational enterprises, to accurately delineate actual transactions, as well as guidance on defining risk and its allocation among entities of a multinational enterprise are discussed. The book is based on papers presented and discussed at the first Global Transfer Pricing Conference hosted in February 2016 by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business). The most up-to-date and thorough consideration of transfer pricing yet published, this book will prove invaluable for all parties currently facing questions related to transfer pricing in a post-BEPS world, especially those in charge of finding an ideal answer to them: academics, practitioners (including in-house and advisory counsel), international organizations, CEOs and CFOs of multinational enterprises, and government officials who are tax and transfer pricing experts.

Download or read book Cost Contribution Arrangements in a Changing International Tax Environment written by Dennis Josef Rudolf Nijssen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Technological advancement and globalization have dramatically impacted the business models of multinational enterprises (MNEs). They have opened new markets, enhanced international collaboration and increased the relevance of intangibles in value chains. All of this has undeniably contributed to more economic growth and global prosperity. It has, however, also substantially complicated the world of international tax law, posing complex challenges in day-to-day fiscal practice and causing public concern about aggressive tax planning and potential tax avoidance by MNEs. Difficulties become especially apparent where companies belonging to the same multinational group collectively develop their most valuable (intangible) business assets or centralize the performance of critical group services. MNEs often structure such intragroup collaboration in legal agreements that foresee a joint ownership of results and that allocate the cost of the shared activities in proportion to each participant’s anticipated benefits. These agreements are commonly referred to as cost contribution arrangements (CCAs) or cost sharing arrangements (CSAs). They are a pragmatic tool to allocate a significant part of the MNE’s costs and income among the participating group companies. At the same time, and for the same reason, they are also frequently found to play a critical role in tax planning structures. This study sets out to investigate why CCAs are accepted as a legitimate transfer pricing instrument, and it analyses the most relevant rules and regulations governing their tax and transfer pricing treatment. It further outlines how effective those rules are at facilitating bona fide CCAs as well as countering the use of CCAs for tax avoidance purposes." --

Download or read book Arm s Length Transaction Structures written by Andreas Bullen and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 925 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the authority to restructure and to disregard controlled transactions based on the arm's length principle. The book, thus, examines the outer limits of the adjustment authority granted by the arm's length principle as opposed to its core area of application (price adjustments).

Download or read book Tax Administration Reform in China written by John Brondolo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax administration improvements have contributed significantly to a doubling of China’s tax-to-GDP ratio and the substantial reduction in taxpayers’ compliance costs since the mid-1990s. This paper describes the key features of China’s tax administration and their evolution over the last 20 years. It also identifes emerging challenges to the tax system and areas where further tax administration improvements are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce taxpayers’ compliance costs in the future.