Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Gene Encoding the Winter Flounder Antifreeze Protein microform written by Shing Leng Chan and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1996 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Antifreeze Protein Genes in Winter Flounder microform written by Ming Megan Miao and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Antifreeze Protein Genes in Winter Flounder written by Ming Megan Miao and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter flounder, 'Pleuronectes americanus', produces two types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to avoid freezing during winter. The expression of the liver-type AFPs (wflAFPs) and skin-type AFPs (wfsAFPs) are differentially regulated by environmental factors and growth hormone. The only intron of the wflAFP gene acts as a liver-specific enhancer and a more refined core sequence Element B interacts with a liver-enriched transcription factor C/EBPÃ and a presumptive antifreeze enhancer-binding protein (AEP). In the present study, the specific binding of C/EBPÃ to Element B and the presumptive AEP was confirmed in both rat and flounder liver extracts. Element B of the wflAFP gene was shown to be the core enhancer. Mutations of Element B significantly decreased the enhancer activity of the wflAFP gene intron. Recombinant C/EBPÃ interacted specifically with Element B and transactivated the wflAFP gene expression, indicating its pivotal role in the liver-specific expression of wflAFP gene. Also, C/EBP proteins were shown to be present in winter flounder. Moreover, IGF-1 and PI3-kinase were found to inhibit the wflAFP gene expression, suggesting their involvement in wflAFP gene regulation. In addition, the intron of a wfsAFP gene was shown to be a ubiquitous enhancer. Element S, the corresponding region of Element B of the wfsAFP intron, did not interact with C/EBPÃ, while it still bound to the antifreeze enhancer-binding protein. As expected, a TA insertion in Element B of the wflAFP gene intron destroyed its liver-specific enhancer activity. Finally, the identity of rat AEP was revealed as a novel protein with 988 residues in length. It is homologous to Smubp-2/Rip-1 with DNA-binding domain and putative helicase motifs. AEP interacted specifically with Element B and was necessary for the transactivation of the enhancer of the wflAFP gene. Furthermore, AEP was shown to be widely expressed in various tissues and its homologous gene was present in flounder. The present study provides a mechanism(s) by which the differential tissue distribution of the wflAFP and wfsAFP gene expression can be achieved. A model is proposed integrating the involvement of GH and IGF-1 signaling pathway as well as the roles of C/EBPÃ and AEP in mediating the seasonal and hormonal regulation of the AFP genes in winter flounder.
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Antifreeze Protein Genes in Winter Flounder written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Antifreeze Polypeptide Biosynthesis in the Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes Americanus written by Ronald Mitchell Fourney and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book COPY NUMBER VARIATION OF GENES ENCODING ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS IN WINTER FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS written by Gisela Martinez-Olivares and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) survive in icy seawater at temperatures reaching -1.9 °C by producing antifreeze proteins (AFPs). AFPs bind to ice crystals and lower the freezing point of fish blood in a non-colligative manner. Previous studies have shown that AFP levels vary among populations of winter flounder, even when fish are raised in the same location, suggesting a genetic rather than an environmental mechanism. Other studies have shown that AFP gene copy numbers vary among locations and that AFP activity in plasma is proportional to gene copy number. The goal of the current study was to determine the AFP gene copy numbers in winter flounder from several locations along the eastern coast of North America, and to determine whether gene dosage is related to antifreeze activity. We designed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to determine the copy numbers of genes encoding the four major AFPs in winter flounder plasma (wflAFP-6, wflAFP-8, wflAFP-9 and the hyperactive AFP Maxi). AFP gene copy numbers were analyzed in flounder from Newfoundland, St. Lawrence Estuary, Baie des Chaleurs, Passamaquoddy Bay and Georges Bank. Winter flounder from Newfoundland had considerably higher AFP gene copy number for each of the genes tested compared to Georges Bank fish. Flounder from the other locations had intermediate gene dosages, differing from Georges Bank fish for some genes and differing from Newfoundland fish for others. There was a relationship between AFP gene copy numbers and antifreeze activity at the population level. We found the hyperactive gene Maxi to be in considerable lower numbers in comparison to the smaller AFPs wflAFP-6 and 8. We attribute this to the protein size and activity. In order to better understand the gene organization of Maxi, we performed Southern blot analysis on samples from each of the locations studied and found that Maxi is represented by a multi-gene family. The antifreeze activity analysis also showed that some fish which did not have any copies of Maxi still had Maxi-like antifreeze activity. This suggests there might be other genes encoding AFPs with high activity similar to maxi that are contributing to winter flounder freeze resistance.
Download or read book Fish Antifreeze Proteins written by Kathryn Vanya Ewart and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-10-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antifreeze proteins enable organisms to avoid freezing under extreme conditions. The greatest diversity of known antifreeze proteins is in teleost fish and much work has gone into the understanding of these proteins and their applications.Antifreeze proteins are an exciting model system for the study of protein-surface(ice) interaction. They have served as unique model structures in protein science and they are also useful tools in the study of fish physiology and behavior. Their emergence in some fish species has even provided a rare glimpse of de novo protein evolution in action.To cover the diverse aspects of fish antifreeze study, a wide spectrum of researchers have been selected to write clear and comprehensive articles on different areas of antifreeze research. This book should be a very useful and informative resource for life science researchers.
Download or read book Ice Binding Structure and Mechanism of an Antifreeze Protein from Winter Flounder microform written by Frank Sicheri and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Expression of Antifreeze Protein Genes in the Embryos of Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes Americanus written by Heather Young and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ontogeny of Type I Antifreeze Protein Expression in Winter Flounder Pleuronectes Americanus written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Differences in Antifreeze Protein Gene Copy Number and Arrangement in Winter Flounder written by Pliny H. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure function Relationship in a Winter Flounder Antifreeze Polypeptide written by Avijit.* Chakrabartty and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cold Adapted Organisms written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the latest knowledge of the ecology and the physiology of cold-adapted microorganisms, plants and animals, this book explains the mechanisms of cold-adaptation on the enzymatic and molecular level, including results from the first crystal structures of enzymes of cold-adapted organisms.
Download or read book Plant Ecology written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers Plant Ecology from the molecular to the global level. It covers the following areas in unprecedented breadth and depth: - Molecular ecophysiology (stress physiology: light, temperature, oxygen deficiency, drought, salt, heavy metals, xenobiotica and biotic stress factors) - Autecology (whole plant ecology: thermal balance, water, nutrient, carbon relations) - Ecosystem ecology (plants as part of ecosystems, element cycles, biodiversity) - Synecology (development of vegetation in time and space, interactions between vegetation and the abiotic and biotic environment) - Global aspects of plant ecology (global change, global biogeochemical cycles, land use, international conventions, socio-economic interactions) The book is carefully structured and well written: complex issues are elegantly presented and easily understandable. It contains more than 500 photographs and drawings, mostly in colour, illustrating the fascinating subject. The book is primarily aimed at graduate students of biology but will also be of interest to post-graduate students and researchers in botany, geosciences and landscape ecology. Further, it provides a sound basis for those dealing with agriculture, forestry, land use, and landscape management.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Cryobiology written by Alexander I. Zhmakin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covering the basics and the state-of-the-art of cryobiology and its applications emphasizes the underlying physical phenomena. It includes a comprehensive glossary and appendices for deeper exploration into special issues.
Download or read book Global Electronic Commerce written by J. Christopher Westland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an understanding of the technologies of electronic commerce. The text does not concentrate solely on the Internet but suggests that the Internet is only a bridge technology. Each chapter contains an overview of a theory or practice followed by one or more business case studies.
Download or read book Bone Detective written by Lorraine Jean Hopping and published by Joseph Henry Press. This book was released on 2006-04-30 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diane France loves bones. Why? Because they talk to her. Every skeleton she meets whispers secrets about the life-and death-of its owner. Diane France can hear those secrets because she's a forensic anthropologist, a bone detective. She has the science skills and know-how to examine bones for clues to a mystery: Who was this person and how did he or she die? Bones tell Diane about the life and times of famous people in history, from a Russian royal family to American outlaws and war heroes. They speak to her about murders, mass disasters, and fatal accidents. One day she's collecting skeletal evidence at a crime scene. A phone call later she's jetting to the site of a plane crash or other unexpected tragedy to identify victims. Young readers will be captivated by the thrilling real-life story of this small-town girl full of curiosity and mischief who became a world-famous bone detective.
