Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA by RTA in Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus human Herpesvirus 8 written by Moon Jung Song and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Studies of Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA of Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus written by Sumit Borah and published by . This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the lytic phase of infection, the gamma herpes virus Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) expresses a highly abundant, nuclear noncoding RNA of unknown function. Poly adenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA) associates with host poly(A)-binding protein C1 (PABPC1), which normally resides in the cytoplasm where it binds and stabilizes the poly(A) tails of mRNAs, increasing mRNA translation efficiency. During the lytic phase of KSHV infection, PABPC1 is re-localized to the nucleus as a consequence of the host shutoff effect mediated by the viral shutoff exonuclease (SOX) protein: host mRNAs are selectively downregulated while viral mRNAs are expressed. We show that whereas PAN RNA does not appear to be required for the host shutoff effect nor for PABPC1 re-localization, it avidly binds PABPC1 in the nucleus. SOX strongly upregulates the levels of PAN RNA in transient transfection experiments by a mechanism that is dependent on the ability of SOX to mediate the host shutoff effect, on the re-localization of PABPC1 into the nucleus and on the presence of a poly(A) tail on PAN RNA. Depletion of PAN RNA from cells lytically infected with KSHV using antisense oligonucleotides indicates that PAN is required for the production of proteins from late viral mRNAs that are themselves polyadenylated. Our results add to the repertoire of functions ascribed to large noncoding RNAs.During Drosophila embryogenesis, the transcription factor Prospero influences neuronal differentiation and axonal outgrowth. The prospero pre-mRNA undergoes alternative splicing, but is unique in that it harbors a rare twintron---whereby one intron lies embedded within another. The innermost intron is excised by the major U2-type spliceosome and the outermost by the minor U12-type spliceosome. Previously, an intronic purine-rich element (PRE) was identified as an enhancer of both U2- and U12-type splicing, with a greater effect on the U2-type pathway. We find that the PRE binds Drosophila homologs of hnRNP A1, Hrp38 and Hrp36. RNAi-mediated knockdown of these proteins in S2 cells specifically decreases U2-type splicing of the twintron, surprising since hnRNPs are usually repressive. Conversely, tethering Hrp38 to the twintron increases U2-type splicing. Thus, developmentally-regulated alternative splicing of the prospero twintron can be explained by documented changes in the abundance of these hnRNP A1-like proteins during embryogenesis.
Download or read book Functional Studies on Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA in Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus lnfected Cells written by Tenaya K. Vallery and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus Replication and Transcription Activator Regulates Extracellular Matrix Signal Pathway written by Daniel Pfalmer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy caused by infection with Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus [KSHV; also known as Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)] in which tumor cells show a characteristic ‘spindle-like’ morphology. The transcription factor RTA (Replication and Transcription Activator) is the viral protein responsible for reactivating KSHV from its latent state. Production of RTA in latently infected cells causes a number of viral proteins to be produced and leads to a cascade of gene expression changes in both viral and host genes. Previous work in our lab showed that RTA was capable of reprogramming cells in vitro to display a spindle-like morphology. In this study we aimed to identify the host gene expression changes caused directly by RTA which could be responsible for that reprogramming. To that end, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK cells) were chosen as a model for KSHV-naïve mammalian cells. Differences in host gene expression levels in a culture of MDCK cells transfected with a plasmid coding for expression of RTA compared to MDCK cells transfected with a similar plasmid lacking the RTA gene were measured by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Cells containing the RTA-coding plasmid adopted a spindle-like morphology and showed at least a two-fold change in expression level in approximately 180 genes. Those 180 genes were then screened for known associations to signaling pathways in order to determine which might be involved with the morphological changes observed and/or biological significance. The expression levels of the 10 genes identified by that screening were then verified by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Of those 10 genes, eight were identified as potentially associated with the morphological changes, including three genes associated with extra cellular matrix (ECM) destruction (MMP9, CTSD, and CTSS) that were down-regulated; two genes associated with blocking ECM destruction (TIMP1 and TIMP2) that were pregulated; two ECM component genes (LAMC2 and COL1A2) that were upregulated; and one gene associated with blocking cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion (MUC1) that was downregulated. The remaining two genes (MAP2K1 and podoplanin) were identified as potentially biologically significant, but not directly involved in regulating morphology. MAP2K1 is associated with epithelial dedifferentiation and was down-regulated; and the lymphatic endothelial specific marker podoplanin (PDPN) was up-regulated. Taken together, the differences in morphology and gene expression between RTA-producing cells and controls suggest a possible role for RTA in the formation of the spindle cells that characterize Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Download or read book Lytic Gene Regulation in Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Jessica R. Kirshner and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Lytic Gene Expression in the Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Jean L. Chang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research on Kaposi s sarcoma associated herpesvirus past present and future written by Keiji Ueda and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 16 years since Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was found from Kaposi's sarcoma. Very extensive studies on KSHV have been performed and we now know well that KSHV is actually the very etiologic agent to cause Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease and this virus is an oncogenic DNA virus in such sense. Though a lot of reports have been published, there are lots of enigmas on its epidemiology, entry, lytic replication/induction, viral particle assembly/egress, latency, oncogenesis and so on. At this time point, it is better for us to review what we learned from the studies of this virus and consider what we have to clarify about this virus nature for future by comparing the virus with the other virus research.
Download or read book Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus New Perspectives written by Chris Boshoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: will follow
Download or read book Regulation of Expression of the Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus human Herpesvirus 8 Early Gene ORF57 written by Wenjing Duan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus KSHV Lytic Gene Expression by Viral Transactivator RTA and Cellular Repressor K RBP written by Zhilong Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Epigenetics of Infectious Diseases written by Walter Doerfler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume of Epigenetics and Human Health is devoted to the patho-epigenetics of viral and microbial infections, an exiting new field of disease-related epigenetic research. As recognized during the past years, epigenetic reprogramming of pathogen and host genome functions – the latter frequently induced by pathogens – plays an important role in many infectious processes. Beyond their immediate relevance for pathogen proliferation and obligatorily associated symptoms, such alterations frequently contribute to severe additional complications, such as the development of immunodeficiency, cancer and various chronic disorders. This holds in particular for epigenetic dysregulation of host gene expression induced by latent infections. The present book summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes caused by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections and their impact on human health.
Download or read book Advances in Virus Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. The impact factor for 2008 is 4.886, placing it 4th in the highly competitive category of virology. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Clinical Virology written by Douglas D. Richman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 1489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential reference of clinical virology Virology is one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing fields of clinical medicine. For example, sequencing techniques from human specimens have identified numerous new members of several virus families, including new polyomaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, and bunyaviruses. Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition, has been extensively revised and updated to incorporate the latest developments and relevant research. Chapters written by internationally recognized experts cover novel viruses, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, organized into two major sections: Section 1 provides information regarding broad topics in virology, including immune responses, vaccinology, laboratory diagnosis, principles of antiviral therapy, and detailed considerations of important organ system manifestations and syndromes caused by viral infections. Section 2 provides overviews of specific etiologic agents and discusses their biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis of disease causation, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and management. Clinical Virology provides the critical information scientists and health care professionals require about all aspects of this rapidly evolving field.
Download or read book Viral and Immunological Malignancies written by Paul Volberding and published by PMPH-USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precise relationship between viral infection and malignancy remains an epidemiologic association and the subject of active investigation. Nonmalignant hematologic disorders have a similarly complex relationship with cancer-associated viruses and may offer insight into the pathogenesis of oncogenesis. This book explores the relationships between viral infections, immune impairments and the hematologic and malignant diseases, particularly against the backdrop of the HIV epidemic. By extending the scope to all of viral oncology the editors provide an invaluable resource on tumors related to other viruses other than HIV, particularly carcinomas of the cervix and anus with HPV and tumors of the liver with the various hepatitis viruses.
Download or read book Advances in Applied Microbiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in microbiology. The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays. Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics, including Archaea and sick building syndrome. Impact factor for 2007: 1.821. Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Reference and guide for scientists and specialists involved in advancements in applied microbiology
Download or read book New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides guidance and answers to frequently asked questions in infectious diseases, thus facilitating improved patient care, prudent and cost effective management and investigation of these disorders. Other more complicated but less common conditions are also reviewed. Uniquely, this volume directly discusses several controversies regarding infectious diseases from the 21st century.
