Download or read book Transcriptional regulation of macrophage function written by Marten A. Hoeksema and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chromatin and Transcriptional Regulation in Mouse Macrophages written by Michael McAndrew and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rev Erb in Macrophage Gene Expression written by Michael Tun Yin Lam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains four divisions represented in three chapters. The first chapter introduces transcription factor Rev-Erb, a transcriptional repressor belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Chapter 1 then continues with the physiological roles and functional mechanisms of enhancers. These are DNA regulatory elements key to orchestrate temporal and spatial expression of genes. Our work on Rev-Erb in macrophages, described in the second chapter, provides evidences of a novel transcription regulatory mechanism at enhancer elements. We identified novel target genes of Rev-Erb, such as matrix metalloproteases 9 (mmp9) and fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1), which are negatively regulated by Rev-Erb from distal enhancer elements. In fact, genome-wide binding analysis shows that most Rev-Erb localizes to putative macrophage enhancers. A recent discovery demonstrated that RNAs are actively transcribed at enhancers on a genomic-scale. In line with this finding, Rev-Erb represses RNA transcription at enhancers. The mechanism is similar to its action at promoters by inhibition of RNA polymerase II recruitment and deacetylation of histones. Given that both enhancer-RNAs (eRNAs) and mRNAs are negatively regulated by Rev-Erb, we further test whether eRNA is a functional intermediate for target gene regulation. Using Mmp9 as a model, targeting its eRNA with RNA interference decreases mRNA expression. Furthermore, in Rev-Erb deficient macrophages, both Mmp9 eRNA and mRNA are derepressed; but targeting eRNA is sufficient to reverse Mmp9 mRNA derepression. Our finding suggests a functional role for enhancer-RNA. When acting through enhancers, Rev-Erb regulates target genes by repressing transcription at enhancers as a mechanistic intermediate. The last chapter explores ways to utilize the enormousness of genome-scale data from human populations to study functions of transcription regulatory elements relevant to diseases through forward genetics. Understanding mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, including discoveries of functional and targetable intermediates such as enhancer-RNAs, suggests new methods of disease detection and treatment.
Download or read book Macrophage Regulation of Immunity written by Emil Unanue and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophage Regulation of Immunity contains the proceedings of a conference held in Augusta, Michigan, on March 12-14, 1979. The papers examine the role of macrophages in the regulation of cellular immune reactions. They highlight the interaction between macrophages and T cells, along with immune response gene control and macrophage secretion of a number of lymphostimulatory molecules. Organized into six sections encompassing 35 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of antigen handling and presentation, immune response gene control, antigen-presenting cells, and factors affecting lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. It then discusses genetic control of T cell-macrophage interaction in helper cell induction in vitro; mechanisms underlying the interaction of guinea pig T lymphocytes with antigen-pulsed macrophages; and secretion of arachidonic acid oxygenation products by mononuclear phagocytes and their possible role as modulators of lymphocyte function. The book also covers regulation of intracellular killing by extracellular stimulation of the monocyte membrane, and adjuvant activation of macrophage functions. Students and scientists will find this book extremely helpful.
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Download or read book Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Macrophage Activation by Interferon gamma written by Xiaodi Su and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferon-gamma (IFN-[gamma]) is a key activating cytokine for macrophages, and it also functions to regulate macrophage responses to other cytokines and inflammatory factors. Here we explored the mechanisms by which IFN-[gamma] regulates immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif (ITAM) signaling in primary macrophages. Ligation of ITAM-coupled receptors induces a group of negative regulators of inflammation, including IL-I0, SOCS3, ABIN3 and A20, which function cooperatively to dampen TLR response. We found that IFN-[gamma] strongly inhibited the induction of these negative regulators by ITAM signaling, and identified glycogen synthase kinases 3 (GSK3) as the major mediator. Specifically, IFN-[gamma] increased GSK3 activity and regulated its cellular distribution. IFN-[gamma] also suppressed AP-1 and CREB, transcription factors important for IL-10 expression and negatively regulated by GSK3. These findings provide a novel mechanism for crosstalk between IFN-[gamma] and ITAM signaling and highlight a critical role for GSK3 in mediating immunoregulatory effects of IFN-[gamma]. IFN-[gamma]-mediated control over gene transcription has been extensively studied, but little is known about whether IFN-[gamma] directly affects protein translation and cellular metabolism in macrophages. We demonstrated that IFN-[gamma] suppressed the inflammatory gene regulator HES 1 at the level of translation. IFN-[gamma] inhibited two essential pathways that promote protein synthesis, MNK-eIF4E and mTORC1. The central integrator of nutrient sensing and cellular metabolism is mTORC1. IFN-[gamma] suppressed M-CSFR expression, and attenuated PI3K-Akt signaling that is required for mTORC 1 activation. Additionally, IFN-[gamma] depleted intracellular tryptophan and suppressed mTOR recruitment to lysosomal membrane, where mTOR can be activated. Disruption of the activating signals from growth factor and amino acids by IFN-[gamma] led to mTORC1 inactivation and translation inhibition. To identify the mRNA targets of IFN-[gamma]-mediated translational regulation, we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling, a method for direct measurement of protein translation. Ribosome profiling revealed several hundred genes, including cytokines, cheinokines and metabolite transporters, were regulated at the translational level by IFN-[gamma]. Our studies uncover a novel pathway by which IFN-[gamma] suppresses phosphorylation of eIF4E and metabolism checkpoint kinase mTOR to inhibit protein translation. These results provide insights in the underappreciated role of IFN-[gamma] in translational regulation and metabolism reprogramming of macrophages.
Download or read book The Transcriptional Regulation of Prostaglandin Synthase 2 in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Macrophage Cells written by Byron Asa Wingerd and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Differentiation Using Oligonucleotide Arrays written by Lisa Natkin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of TREM2 in Myocardial Injury and Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Phenotypes written by Thomas Andreas Prohaska and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2) is a transmembrane receptor that has recently been established as a key regulator of macrophages in multiple disease models. It is highly expressed in distinct macrophage populations in models of Alzheimer's Disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and obesity. In this study, we interrogated the effect of deletion of TREM2 or treatment with a TREM2-activating antibody in myocardial injury models. To understand how TREM2 itself is regulated and how it mediates its effects on transcription, we established a conditionally immortalized monocyte progenitor cell line that constitutively expresses Cas9 and is able to differentiate into macrophages. We used this cell line to delete the intergenic enhancer of TREM2 and to knock out TREM2 as well as transcription factors. Thereby, we identified transcription factors mediating the effects of TREM2 on gene expression. Overall, in this work we demonstrate the role of TREM2 in myocardial injury, interrogate regulation of Trem2 expression, and identify transcription factors downstream of TREM2 signaling.
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression in Macrophages written by Shuang Zheng and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Function written by Marten Anne Hoeksema and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha stem Cell Inhibitor Gene written by Matthew P. C. Grove and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor written by Lili Li and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Regulation of Macrophage Function by Cyclic Nucleotides written by Neal Rosen and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Macrophage Function Related to Atherosclerosis Development written by Peng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Macrophage Function During Intracellular Infection with Leishmania Donovani microform written by Kathryn J. (Kathryn Jane) Moore and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1994 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Investigation of the molecular alterations of macrophage function during intracellular infection by Leishmania donovani revealed both adverse and positive influences of this protozoan on host cell function. Chapter I delineates a negative effect which this parasite has on signal transduction pathways in its host cell. In macrophages put in contact, or infected with L. donovani, c-fos gene expression mediated through protein kinase A was unaffected under conditions where there was an impairment of protein kinase C-mediated c-fos gene expression. Selective impairment of protein kinase C-, or, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the macrophage was found to influence the establishment of infection. Chapters two and three describe a positive enhancement of macrophage function by L. donovani. Intramacrophage infection with L. donovani was shown to enhance host cell viability in the absence of growth factor. This was attributable to the elaboration of a soluble factor(s) by infected macrophages into the cell culture supernatant, which enhanced macrophage viability in a manner independent of cell replication. Further characterization of the mechanism of this enhancement revealed that L. donovani infection, and lipophosphoglycan, inhibited macrophage death by apoptosis. Cell supernatants derived from L. donovani infected cells were also capable of inhibiting macrophage apoptosis. To identify the active factor in infected cell supernatants, the cytokine gene expression profile of L. donovani infected macrophages was delineated and possible candidate cytokines were further investigated. Levels of TNF-$ alpha$ capable of causing an abrogation of apoptosis were found to be produced by infected macrophages. However, antibody neutralization of TNF in infected cell cultures could not reverse the inhibition of apoptosis by L. donovani, implicating the involvement of multiple factors in the abrogation of apoptosis by L. donovani." --
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Macrophage Spectrum written by Lisa Willemsen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
