Download or read book Transaction Costs Economics and the Role of the Commodity Trader in the Organization of the Industry written by Clément Nouail and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large variations in commodity prices and the price drop observed in 2014 for many of them have, more than ever, highlighted the contribution of physical traders in the sectors. By focusing on the oil sector, this thesis aims to account for the role played by traders in the organization of international trade flows. First of all, we state that vertical disintegration strategies and the market openness have allowed independent traders to emerge. They have a key role in providing time and spatial transformation of the commodity, but also in managing the risks inherent in international trade. To this end, we show that the volatility of crude oil prices is increasingly sensitive to stock market returns and that oil supply and demand factors directly influence the long-term component of price volatility. Subsequently, using a simple cobweb model, we analyze the ability of physical traders to enable the oil market integration. We show that price increases, both in level and volatility, encourage producers to use traders in order to connect them to the international market. Using the graph theory, we also highlight the usefulness of traders in maintaining the oil market integrated in the event of decreasing prices and high volatility. Furthermore, it appears that countries hosting international traders demonstrate a gravity effect by importing large volumes from producing countries to redirect these flows to consuming markets. Finally, we argue that the theory of incomplete contracts needs to integrate price variability in order to deal with opportunistic behaviors in the commodity supply chains. This postulate and the inclusion of traders in the commodity industry lead us to consider short-term contracts and fixed price contracts as two organizations that fit into producers' vertical disintegration strategies. Using a partial equilibrium model with strategic storage behavior, we conclude that the dynamics of vertical integration in the oil industry is influenced by crude oil prices. Our work therefore defends the idea that there would be no market without the contribution of physical traders.

Download or read book Learn How to Trade Commodities Collection written by George Kleinman and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2013-04-27 with total page 1423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brand new collection of high-profit commodity trading techniques and insights All the knowledge you need to start earning consistent profits in commodities trading! You can make huge profits by trading commodities – if you know how. You must know how these markets work, how they’re different, where the risks are hidden, and how to avoid the mistakes too many beginners make. You need realistic, up-to-the-minute strategies, skills, and knowledge from experts who trade commodities every single day. This unique 2 book package delivers all that. In A Trader’s First Book on Commodities: An Introduction to the World’s Fastest Growing Market, Second Edition, Carley Garner offers specific and current guidance on accessing commodity markets cost-effectively, and systematically improving your odds of successful, profitable trades. Garner covers new trading platforms, contracts, fees, and strategies, and offers a clear-eyed look at today’s realities, including the scandalous failures of MF Global and PFG Best. Drawing on extensive experience teaching traders, Garner shows how to calculate profit, loss, and risk in commodities; and choose the best brokerage firm, service level, data sources, and more. She demystifies the industry’s colorful language, helps you clearly understand every trade you make, walks you through the entire process, and illuminates everything from logistics to psychology. Next, in Trading Commodities and Financial Futures, A Step-by-Step Guide to Mastering the Markets, Fourth Edition, George Kleinman introduces powerful new trend-based techniques for identifying trades that fit right into your “sweet spot” for profits. You’ll learn how these markets have changed—and how to successfully use discipline to avoid today’s “shark-infested waters.” Building on 30+ years of success, Kleinman offers updated coverage of electronic trading, new contracts, and advanced techniques, including his exclusive Pivot Indicator approach. You’ll learn how to develop the deep discipline that characterizes all winning commodities and futures traders, as you gain critical knowledge about each leading market, including agricultural commodities, energy, metals, soft commodities, and financials. Kleinman helps you master today’s most valuable technical analysis tools for trading commodities, and even reveals 25 indispensable trading secrets of the pros. From world-renowned commodities trading experts George Kleinman and Carley Garner

Download or read book Agricultural Commodity Markets and Trade written by Alexander Sarris and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the viability of many observed market and non-market interventions in agricultural products worldwide depends considerably on the underlying behaviour of the relevant commodity markets. Many of these policies have had distortive impacts, resulting in much discussion and controversy in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Round of trade negotiations.

Download or read book Markets and Organization written by Richard Arena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market economy has become today the predominant economic system in the world. One of the tasks of the book is to define analytically the essential features of a market economy. The other purpose is to investigate the very working of a market economy which rests on firms defined as organizations and markets seen as institutions. It also supposes a renewed conception of cooperation and competition. The book will permit the reader to acquire a fresh view on market economies, stressing simultaneously their unity and diversity. It will also interest specialists of microeconomics as well as industrial organization, economics of technology and institutional economcis.

Download or read book International Commodity Markets and the Role of Cartels written by Mark S. LeClair and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of collusive international agreements (cartels) became widespread in the 1930s. At that time, attempts to control production and prices were mainly the prerogative of multinational firms operating in the developing (then colonized) world. The "modern era" of cartels began in the 1960s, when the governments of developing nations began to participate in commodity agreements to achieve increases and stability in the world price of their commodities. This book is principally concerned with the modern era of cartels. It goes beyond the singular example of petroleum and OPEC to examine the structure of international commodity markets for bauxite (aluminum ore), cocoa, coffee, rubber, sugar, and tin, and the conditions that led to the formation of cartels in those markets during the latter half of the twentieth century. Specifically, the work focuses on four major aspects of international commodity markets: patterns of production and consumption; economic dislocations to both importers and exporters due to price fluctuations; the formation of cartels as a solution to weak and variable commodity prices; and the likely effects arising from tightening raw material markets. The book concludes with a detailed examination of what the future holds for each of the cartels, and what role technology, 24-hour market trading, and decreasing foreign direct investment in producing countries will have on the management of commodity markets.

Download or read book The Economics of Commodity Trading Firms written by Craig Pirrong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The trading of the basic commodities that are transformed into the foods we eat, the energy that fuels our transportation and heats and lights our homes, and the metals present in the objects we use in our daily lives is one of the oldest forms of economic activity. Yet commodity trading is widely misunderstood, and as a consequence, it is often the subject of controversy. This white paper, written by Professor Craig Pirrong of the University of Houston, was commissioned by Trafigura as part of our efforts to explain the business more effectively to stakeholders and to demystify the commodities trading sector. It uses a combination of description and analysis to present the economic role of the industry, how it manages risk and financing, how it is governed and the factors driving commodity trading firms' investment strategies. It concludes that commodity trading firms transform commodities in space, time and form in order to enhance their value. They move commodities from low-value uses to high-value ones. In so doing, they enhance the wealth and welfare of both producers and consumers."--Introduction.

Download or read book Trading and Price Discovery for Crude Oils written by Adi Imsirovic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about the international oil market. It takes a historical perspective on how the market emerged, developed, and became what it is today—the biggest commodity market in the world. It is mature and complex, but far from perfect. Throughout most of its 150-year history, the oil market has been monopolised by companies and governments. For only a fraction of that, oil traded in a relatively free market. As a result, we had to live with ‘big oil’, economic shocks, high oil prices, instability and wars. Using a simple concept of market power, this book will explain the meaning of ‘oil price’ and how it is established while offering a valuable lesson for other commodities. Market power is the key to understanding the ‘price of oil’. This book uses a simple concept of price-makers and price-takers to examine the evolution of oil markets, their structure, and prices. The early decades of the oil industry were competitive with low barriers to entry. Barely 25 years later, the Standard Oil company created a refining monopoly, buying oil at its own ‘posted’ price. In the following century, the cartel of major oil companies, helped by their governments, did the same at the international level. OPEC helped producing governments regain control of their own resources, but the organisation was never able to retain a similar level of control. After 1986 price collapse, OPEC abdicated the price-making function in favour of the market. While it never gave up attempts to influence prices, OPEC had to link their official prices to one of the global oil benchmarks. Modern international oil markets function because of oil benchmarks such as Brent, WTI and Dubai. This book showcases: • How oil traders played a prominent role in development of the industry • How policies of consuming nations helped oil cartels • Why and how the US price of oil was negative • How AI has changed the way markets operate and the way in which the markets are likely to change in future This book explores how oil markets grew, functioned, and have occasionally failed to do their job. The ecosystem of derivatives or ‘paper barrels’ trading in far greater volume than physical oil plays a very important role in mitigating risk. With this core tenant, setting the ‘price of oil’ is explained in detail.

Download or read book Commodity Exchanges and Futures Trading Principles and Operating Methods written by Julius B. Baer and published by Baer Press. This book was released on 2008-11 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodity Exchanges AND Futures Trading- PRINCIPLES AND OPERATING METHODS by Julius B. Baer. Contents include: Preface x I HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMODITY EXCHANGES 3 Ancient Markets Markets in the Dark Ages The Medieval Fairs Merchant Associations The Law Merchant Courts of the Fair The Law Merchant Becomes the Common Law in the United States Development of the Modern Commod ity Market Organized Commodity Markets Not All Com modity Markets Have Exchanges Organization of Markets before Exchanges Brokers Commission AgentsDealers Risk Bearing Risks of Commodity Dealers The Market Risk of the Dealer Credit Risks of Dealers Other Risks of Dealers Major Defect in the Physical Markets Which Operate with out Exchanges The Growing Need for Exchange Services in All Commodity MarketsProducers' Associations Dealers' Trade Associations Establishment of Self-Regulation by Deal ers' Trade Associations Arbitration of Disputes Standardiza tion of Contracts Standardization of Qualities or Grades II THE ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS OF COMMODITY EXCHANGES 27 The Exchange Market Place of the Commodity Exchange in Distribution The Risks of Modern Industrial Society The Exchange Market as a Guarantor of Deliveries ( at Contract Time) and of Payments for Deliveries ( at Contract Price) Exchanges Make Commodities Liquid Profit Margins in Dis tribution Are Reduced Exchanges Expedite Marketing-Exchanges Form a World Market Exchanges Level Prices be tween Markets Buyers May Anticipate Requirements Continuous Prices a Factor in Fair Dealing Does the Exchange Stabilize Prices? Price Movements Discount the Future The Exchange as a Source of Trade Information Exchanges Reg ulate Speculation Exchanges Promote Uniformity in the Trade Exchanges as Regulators of Consumption. III SPECULATION A CONSTRUCTIVE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON COMMODITY EXCHANGES 51 The Function of Organized Speculation in the Distribution of StaplesWithout Organized Speculation Exchange Markets Could Not FunctionAttacks on Speculation Defenses of Speculation Speculation and Gambling Does Speculation Make for Lower Prices? Phases of the Contention that Specu lation Lowers Prices Does Speculation Steady Prices? Ex change Trading Levels Prices between Markets The Specula tor's Assumption of Risk Speculators Provide a Broad Market Large Volume of Transactions on Exchanges Short Selling Regulation of Speculation IV GRADING, STANDARDIZATION, AND INSPECTION 86 Advantages of Inspection and Grading Establishment of Standard Grades and Methods of Classification Standards in the Cotton Trade Inspection and Grading in the Grain Trade Standards in the Rubber Trade Sampling Grading Ware housing V PUBLICITY OF PRICES, CROP AND MARKET REPORTS, AND OTHER STATISTICS 96 Importance of Reports and Statistics The Importance of Widespread Publication of Prices Sources of Information-Reports Issued Daily Report of the New York Cotton Ex changeDaily Market Report of the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange Crop Statistics in the Grain Trade Annual Reports Prompt and Widespread Publication of Prices Con trol of Quotations Newspaper Reports Market Letters Reg ulation of Consumption VI COMMODITIES ADAPTABLE TO FUTURES TRADING 110 Units Must Be Homogeneous The Commodity Must Be Sus ceptible of Standardization of Grades Supply and Demand Must Be Large The Supply Must Flow Naturally to Market-Supply and Demand Must Be Uncertain The Commodity Must Not Be Perishable Commodities in Which Exchange Trading Is Conducted Commodities Not Adapted to Futures Trading Commodities Which Might Be Adapted to Futures Trading The Metals Iron-Other Commodities Wool Pe troleum Coal Conclusions VII THE FUTURES OR EXCHANGE CONTRACT 126 Physical ( Cash or Spot) Markets and Futures Markets Devel opment of the Futures or Exchange Contract Origin of the Contents vii Futures or Exchange ContractA Futures Co

Download or read book Specialization and Economic Organization written by X. Yang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the subtitle indicates, this book presents a new classical microeconomic framework. It develops a new unifying analytical framework that covers topics concerning international trade, development economics, growth theory, transaction costs economics, comparative economics, management economics, urban economics, industrial organization, and macroeconomics. The new classical microeconomic framework is used to bring the analysis of economies of specialization, the division of labor, and the structure of economic organization into the central place of economics.

Download or read book The Economics of Commodity Markets written by Julien Chevallier and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As commodity markets have continued their expansion an extensive and complex financial industry has developed to service them. This industry includes hundreds of participating firms, including asset managers, brokers, consultants, verification agencies and a myriad of other institutions. Universities and other training institutions have responded to this rapid expansion of commodity markets as well as their substantial future growth potential by launching specialized courses on the subject. The Economics of Commodity Markets attempts to bridge the gap between academics and working professionals by way of a textbook that is both theoretically informative and practical. Based in part on the authors’ teaching experience of commodity finance at the University Paris Dauphine, the book covers all important commodity markets topics and includes coverage of recent topics such as financial applications and intuitive economic reasoning. The book is composed of three parts that cover: commodity market dynamics, commodities and the business cycle, and commodities and fundamental value. The key original approach to the subject matter lies in a shift away from the descriptive to the econometric analysis of commodity markets. Information on market trends of commodities is presented in the first part, with a strong emphasis on the quantitative treatment of that information in the remaining two parts of the book. Readers are provided with a clear and succinct exposition of up-to-date financial economic and econometric methods as these apply to commodity markets. In addition a number of useful empirical applications are introduced and discussed. This book is a self-contained offering, discussing all key methods and insights without descending into superfluous technicalities. All explanations are structured in an accessible manner, permitting any reader with a basic understanding of mathematics and finance to work their way through all parts of the book without having to resort to external sources.

Download or read book Commodities written by Harold Kent Baker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodities: Markets, Performance, and Strategies provides a comprehensive look at commodity markets along many dimensions. Its coverage includes physical commodity fundamentals, financial products and strategies for commodity exposure, and current issues relating to commodities. Readers interested in commodity market basics or more nuanced details related to commodity investment can benefit.

Download or read book Commodities as an Asset Class written by Alan G. Futerman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the notion that commodities are always good hedges against inflation, which is the conventional belief today in financial markets. Specifically, it focuses on gold as a traditional hedge and the ways in which crypto assets are argued to be positioned as an alternative hedge against inflationary risk. The book engages with emerging debates around the performance of gold since the 2008 financial crisis, analyzing its characteristics, relationship with inflation, and the role of mining companies, and discusses ways that cryptocurrencies have replaced precious metals as an attractive asset class during an inflationary scenario. In considering the case of crypto as being or not a good inflation hedge, the book devotes particular attention to the theoretical financial and macroeconomic implications of a monetary system based on Bitcoin, dealing with the concept of money and the determination of Bitcoin’s supply and purchasing power. Additionally, it outlines the consequences that such a system would entail for the banking industry, and financial conditions involving interest rates, exchange rates, and the inflation-deflation dynamic. The book also analyses the relative impact of past and future events on the different commodity families. This work will be of interest to students and researchers in financial economics, macroeconomics, and monetary economics, as well as analysts and traders in financial and commodity markets.

Download or read book Handbook of Multi Commodity Markets and Products written by Andrea Roncoroni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Multi-Commodity Markets and ProductsOver recent decades, the marketplace has seen an increasing integration, not only among different types of commodity markets such as energy, agricultural, and metals, but also with financial markets. This trend raises important questions about how to identify and analyse opportunities in and manage risks of commodity products. The Handbook of Multi-Commodity Markets and Products offers traders, commodity brokers, and other professionals a practical and comprehensive manual that covers market structure and functioning, as well as the practice of trading across a wide range of commodity markets and products. Written in non-technical language, this important resource includes the information needed to begin to master the complexities of and to operate successfully in today’s challenging and fluctuating commodity marketplace. Designed as a practical practitioner-orientated resource, the book includes a detailed overview of key markets – oil, coal, electricity, emissions, weather, industrial metals, freight, agricultural and foreign exchange – and contains a set of tools for analysing, pricing and managing risk for the individual markets. Market features and the main functioning rules of the markets in question are presented, along with the structure of basic financial products and standardised deals. A range of vital topics such as stochastic and econometric modelling, market structure analysis, contract engineering, as well as risk assessment and management are presented and discussed in detail with illustrative examples to commodity markets. The authors showcase how to structure and manage both simple and more complex multi-commodity deals. Addressing the issues of profit-making and risk management, the book reveals how to exploit pay-off profiles and trading strategies on a diversified set of commodity prices. In addition, the book explores how to price energy products and other commodities belonging to markets segmented across specific structural features. The Handbook of Multi-Commodity Markets and Products includes a wealth of proven methods and useful models that can be selected and developed in order to make appropriate estimations of the future evolution of prices and appropriate valuations of products. The authors additionally explore market risk issues and what measures of risk should be adopted for the purpose of accurately assessing exposure from multi-commodity portfolios. This vital resource offers the models, tools, strategies and general information commodity brokers and other professionals need to succeed in today’s highly competitive marketplace.

Download or read book Commodity Trading Globalization and the Colonial World written by Christof Dejung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market provides a new perspective on economic globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead of understanding the emergence of global markets as a mere result of supply and demand or as the effect of imperial politics, this book focuses on a global trading firm as an exemplary case of the actors responsible for conducting economic transactions in a multicultural business world. The study focuses on the Swiss merchant house Volkart Bros., which was one of the most important trading houses in British India after the late nineteenth century and became one of the biggest cotton and coffee traders in the world after decolonization. The book examines the following questions: How could European merchants establish business contacts with members of the mercantile elite from India, China or Latin America? What role did a shared mercantile culture play for establishing relations of trust? How did global business change with the construction of telegraph lines and railways and the development of economic institutions such as merchant banks and commodity exchanges? And what was the connection between the business interests of transnationally operating capitalists and the territorial aspirations of national and imperial governments? Based on a five-year-long research endeavor and the examination of 24 public and private archives in seven countries and on three continents, Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market goes well beyond a mere company history as it highlights the relationship between multinationally operating firms and colonial governments, and the role of business culture in establishing notions of trust, both within the firm and between economic actors in different parts of the world. It thus provides a cutting-edge history of globalization from a micro-perspective. Following an actor-theoretical perspective, the book maintains that the global market that came into being in the nineteenth century can be perceived as the consequence of the interaction of various actors. Merchants, peasants, colonial bureaucrats and industrialists were all involved in spinning the individual threads of this commercial web. By connecting established approaches from business history with recent scholarship in the fields of global and colonial history, Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market offers a new perspective on the emergence of global enterprise and provides an important addition to the history of imperialism and economic globalization.

Download or read book Commodity Price Dynamics written by Craig Pirrong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodities have become an important component of many investors' portfolios and the focus of much political controversy over the past decade. This book utilizes structural models to provide a better understanding of how commodities' prices behave and what drives them. It exploits differences across commodities and examines a variety of predictions of the models to identify where they work and where they fail. The findings of the analysis are useful to scholars, traders and policy makers who want to better understand often puzzling - and extreme - movements in the prices of commodities from aluminium to oil to soybeans to zinc.

Download or read book How Commodity Futures Markets Work written by Basil S. Yamey and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commodities Trading written by Andrew D. Seidel and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1983 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: