Download or read book Trafficking and Biochemical Characterization of Plasmodium Falciparum Maurer s Cleft Two Transmembrane Protein written by Raghavendra Yadavalli and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmodium falciparum virulence proteins and molecules required for assembly of the knobs used for cytoadherence are exported through the Maurer's clefts which are formed in the erythrocyte cytoplasm immediately following merozoite invasion into the erythrocyte host cell. Proteins participating in knob formation, cytoadherence or immune evasion include variant-surface antigens (VSAs) that are trafficked alone or chaperoned by other parasite proteins through the Maurer's clefts. In this study, recombinant PfMC-2TM was expressed using HeLa based in vitro human cell free expression system. Further, the stage specific expression, trafficking, solubility and topology of endogenous PfMC-2TM in the parasite and erythrocyte cytoplasm was investigated in 3D7 and FC-27 strains of P. falciparum. Detailed cell biological and biochemical characterizations were performed to identify the mode of PfMC-2TM export from the parasite to erythrocyte cytoplasm. Following Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment of parasites, PfMC-2TM traffic was evaluated using immunofluorescence and western blotting with antibodies reactive with PfMC-2TM. Our data shows that PfMC-2TM is sensitive to BFA treatment in the ring and trophozoite stage. Permeabilization of infected erythrocytes with streptolysin O (SLO) and saponin, showed that the N and C-termini of PfMC-2TM are exposed to the erythrocyte cytoplasm with the central portion of the protein protected in the MC membranes. PfMC-2TM was expressed as early as 4 h post invasion (hpi), was tightly colocalized with Maurer's cleft resident protein REX-1 and trafficked to the erythrocyte membrane without a change in solubility. PfMC-2TM associates with the infected erythrocyte membrane as an integral membrane protein and is seen to be transiently exposed on the infected red blood cell surface. PfMC-2TM remains insoluble upon association with the MC and erythrocyte membrane, suggestive of protein-lipid interactions with membranes of the MC and erythrocyte. PfMC-2TM is an additional marker of the nascent MCs, that can be used as a clinical marker of early blood stage infection.
Download or read book A Plasmodium Gene Family Encoding Maurer s Cleft Membrane Proteins Structural Properties and Expression Profiling written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upon invasion of the erythrocyte cell, the malaria parasite remodels its environment; in particular, it establishes a complex membrane network, which connects the parasitophorous vacuole to the host plasma membrane and is involved in protein transport and trafficking. We have identified a novel subtelomeric gene family in Plasmodium falciparum that encodes 11 transmembrane proteins localized to the Maurer's clefts. Using coimmunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomics, we were able to enrich specifically for these proteins and detect distinct peptides, allowing us to conclude that four to 10 products were present at a given time. Nearly all of the Pfmc-2tm genes are transcribed during the trophozoite stage; this narrow time frame of transcription overlaps with the specific stevor and rif genes that are differentially expressed during the erythrocyte cycle. The description of the structural properties of the proteins led us to manually reannotate published sequences, and to detect potentially homologous gene families in both P. falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii yoelii, where no orthologs were predicted uniquely based on sequence similarity. These basic proteins with two transmembrane domains belong to a larger superfamily, which includes STEVORs and RIFINs.
Download or read book Analysis of a Putative Trafficking Signal of the Maurer s Cleft Membrane Protein MAHRP1 in Plasmodium Falciparum written by Hug Jessie J. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2019 written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Malaria Report 2019 provides a comprehensive update on global and regional malaria data and trends. The report tracks investments in malaria programs and research as well as progress across all intervention areas: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, elimination, and surveillance. It also includes dedicated chapters on the consequences of malaria on maternal infant and child health the "High Burden to High Impact" approach as well as biological threats to the fight against malaria. The 2019 report is based on information received from more than 80 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. This information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.
Download or read book Antimalarial Natural Products written by A. Douglas Kinghorn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume begins with a short history of malaria and follows with a summary of its biology. It then traces the fascinating history of the discovery of quinine for malaria treatment, and then describes quinine’s biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use, concluding with a discussion of synthetic antimalarial agents based on quinine’s structure. It also covers the discovery of artemisinin and its development as the source of the most effective current antimalarial drug, including summaries of its synthesis and biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use and resistance. A short discussion of other clinically used antimalarial natural products leads to a detailed treatment of additional natural products with significant antiplasmodial activity, classified by compound type. Although the search for new antimalarial natural products from Nature’s combinatorial library is challenging, it is very likely to yield new antimalarial drugs. This book thus ends by identifying ten natural products with development potential as clinical antimalarial agents.
Download or read book Paniker s Textbook of Medical Parasitology written by C. K. Jayaram Paniker and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this textbook is a complete guide to parasitology for undergraduate medical students. Divided into 23 chapters, each topic has been thoroughly updated and expanded to cover the most recent advances and latest knowledge in the field. The book begins with an overview of parasitology, then discusses numerous different types of parasite, concluding with a chapter on diagnosis methods. Many chapters have been rewritten and the eighth edition of the book features many new tables, flow charts and photographs. Each chapter concludes with a ‘key points’ box to assist with revision. Key points Eighth edition providing undergraduates with a complete guide to parasitology Fully revised text with many new topics, tables and photographs Each chapter concludes with ‘key points’ box to assist revision Previous edition (9789350905340) published in 2013
Download or read book Vascular Endothelium written by John D. Catravas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contains the proceedings from the Advanced Study Institute on "Vascular Endothelium: Physiological Basis of Clinical Problems" which took place in Corfu, Greece in June 1990. The meeting consisted of twenty-eight lectures, most of them adapted as full length papers in this volume, as well as numerous short oral and poster communications which are abstracted and also included in alphabetical order (pages 239-302). There were ninety-six participants from ten NATO and four other European countries. The meeting was the second in as many years dealing with a specific subject in Endothelial Cell biology. Following the 1988 discussion on "Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms", the present ASI recognized and tried to deal with the increasing overlap in interest between basic scientists studying endothelial cell functions and clinicians facing problems of known or suspected endothelial pathological involvement. As with any similar effort, we opted to be selective, rather than fail by trying to be inclusive, in the subjects covered. We chose to discuss diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, ARDS and stroke, based on their relevance to endothelial cell function and urgent need for new insights into their pathogenesis and treatment. Similarly, we examined endothelial cell functions by considering their relevance to disease and their potential for elucidating important pathologies. Obviously, some areas were covered superficially or not at all; this should not distract from their importance, but rather reflect on the constraints of time and -not at all negligibly -the bias of the organizing committee.
Download or read book Rodent Malaria written by R. Killick-Kendrick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodent Malaria reviews significant findings concerning malaria parasites of rodents, including their taxonomy, zoogeography, and evolution, along with life cycles and morphology; genetics and biochemistry; and concomitant infections. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins by sketching out the history of the discovery of rodent as well as aspects of parasitology, immunology, and chemotherapy. These concepts are investigated two decades following Ignace Vincke's major discovery and Meir Yoeli's successful establishment of the method of cyclical transmission of the parasite. The following chapters focus on the taxonomy and systematics of the subgenus Vinckeia, with reference to the concepts of species and subspecies of animals and the degree to which they apply to malaria parasites, in particular to those of rodents. The discussion then shifts to how the rodent malaria parasites provide a unique insight into the subcellular organization of Plasmodium species, the use of rodent malaria as an experimental model to study immunological responses, and infectious agents that interact with malaria parasites. The book concludes with a chapter on malaria chemotherapy, with emphasis on the value of rodent malaria in antimalarial drug screening and the use of antimalarial drugs as biological probes. This book will be of interest to protozoologists and physicians as well as those from other disciplines including biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology, cell biology, and genetics.
Download or read book OZONE written by Velio Bocci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-05 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen-Ozone therapy is a complementary approach less known than homeopathy and acupuncture because it has come of age only three decades ago. This book clarifies that, in the often nebulous field of natural medicine, the biological bases of ozone therapy are totally in line with classical biochemistry, physiological and pharmacological knowledge. Ozone is an oxidizing molecule, a sort of super active oxygen, which, by reacting with blood components generates a number of chemical messengers responsible for activating crucial biological functions such as oxygen delivery, immune activation, release of hormones and induction of antioxidant enzymes, which is an exceptional property for correcting the chronic oxidative stress present in atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. Moreover, by inducing nitric oxide synthase, ozone therapy may mobilize endogenous stem cells, which will promote regeneration of ischemic tissues. The description of these phenomena offers the first comprehensive picture for understanding how ozone works and why. When properly used as a real drug within therapeutic range, ozone therapy does not only does not procure adverse effects but yields a feeling of wellness. Half the book describes the value of ozone treatment in several diseases, particularly cutanious infection and vascular diseases where ozone really behaves as a “wonder drug”. The book has been written for clinical researchers, physicians and ozone therapists, but also for the layman or the patient interested in this therapy.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2018 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year s report shows that after an unprecedented period of success in global malaria control progress has stalled. Data from 2015?2017 highlight that no significant progress in reducing global malaria cases was made in this period. There were an estimated 219 million cases and 435 000 related deaths in 2017. The World malaria report 2018 draws on data from 90 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. The information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Malaria Report 2015assesses global malaria disease trends and changes in the coverage and financing of malaria control programs between 2000 and 2015. It also summarizes progress towards international targets, and provides regional and country profiles that summarize trends in each WHO region and each country with malaria. The report is produced with the help of WHO regional and country offices, ministries of health in endemic countries, and a broad range of other partners. The data presented are assembled from the 96 countries and territories with ongoing malaria transmission, and a further five countries that have recently eliminated malaria. Most data are those reported for 2014 and 2015, although in some cases projections have been made into 2015, to assess progress towards targets for 2015.
Download or read book Refractory Status Epilepticus written by Xuefeng Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to offer the accumulated fertile experience of treating drug-resistant epileptic patients collected over the past few decades, focusing on aspects of neurology, neurosurgery, emergency care, critical care medicine and basic medical research. Refractory status epilepticus is one of the most common severe and acute diseases in neurology and neurocritical care; it is also the main cause of death in epileptic patients. In the context of prevention and treatment processes, it is not only necessary to terminate epileptic seizures, but to also address the disruption of the patient’s internal environment and provide critical life support. Effective treatment calls for multi-disciplinary support from neurology, neurosurgery, emergency care, critical care medicine, and other fields. Further, since the clinical features of epileptic seizure are not specific, it is necessary to differentiate it from other diseases that produce convulsions, disorders of consciousness, syncope, mental and behavioral disorders, myoclonus, etc., to avoid misdiagnosis. In this book, it comprehensively and systematically describes the basic knowledge as well as prevention and treatment tips, providing an invaluable reference resource for medical students and professionals in neurology, neurosurgery, emergency care and critical care medicine.
Download or read book Malaria Methods and Protocols written by Denise L. Doolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plasmodium spp. parasite was identified as the causative agent of malaria in 1880, and the mosquito was identified as the vector in 1897. Despite subsequent efforts focused on the epidemiology, cell biology, immunology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of malaria and the Plasmodium parasite, there is still no licensed vaccine for the prevention of malaria. Physical barriers (bed nets, window screens) and chemical prevention methods (insecticides and mosquito repellents) intended to interfere with the transmission of the disease are not highly effective, and the profile of resistance of the parasite to chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents is increasing. The dawn of the new millennium has seen a resurgence of interest in the disease by government and philanthropic organizations, but we are still faced with compl- ities of the parasite, the host, and the vector, and the interactions among them. Malaria Methods and Protocols offers a comprehensive collection of protocols describing conventional and state-of-the-art techniques for the study of malaria, as well as associated theory and potential problems, written by experts in the field. The major themes reflected here include assessing the risk of infection and severity of disease, laboratory models, diagnosis and typing, molecular biology techniques, immunological techniques, cell biology techniques, and field applications.
Download or read book Targeted Intracellular Drug Delivery by Receptor Mediated Endocytosis written by Padma V. Devarajan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-09 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book elaborates on drug delivery targeting via intracellular delivery, specifically through the Receptor Mediated Endocytosis (RME) approach, due to the involvement of cellular receptors in various grave diseases. Targeted delivery relies on two basic approaches, passive and active targeting. While passive targeting approaches have shown great promise, the improved selectivity achieved with active targeting approaches has resulted in significantly higher efficacy. Interestingly there are numerous strategies for active targeting, many of which are already highlighted in , Targeted Drug Delivery: Concepts and Applications. Nevertheless an exciting and practical strategy for active targeting, which could enable high intracellular delivery, is through exploitation of RME. Cells in the body express receptors to enable various physiological and biochemical processes. As a result, many of these receptors are overexpressed in pathological conditions, or newer receptors expressed due to defective cellular functioning. RME is based on exploitation of such receptors to achieve intracellular delivery. While targeted delivery can have manifold applications, in this book we focus on two major and challenging therapeutic areas; i) Cancer and ii) Infectious Diseases. Targeted Intracellular Drug Delivery by Receptor Medicated Endocytosis discusses the major receptors that are useful for targeted delivery for these afflictions. A major section of this book is dedicated to details regarding their occurrence and location, the recognition domain of the receptor, structure activity relationship of substrate /ligand for selective binding, ligands explored, antagonists for ligand binding and relevance of these aspects for therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. These facets are elucidated with the help of specific examples from academic research and also emphasize commercial products, wherever relevant. In vitro cellular models relied on for assessing receptor mediated cellular targeting and in vivo models depicting clinical efficacy are focused on in a separate section. Finally, we briefly discuss the regulatory and toxicity issues that may be associated specifically with the RME approach of intracellular drug delivery.
Download or read book Calcium Signaling written by Md. Shahidul Islam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a unique selection of chapters covering a wealth of contemporary topics in this ubiquitous and diverse system of cell signaling. It offers much more than the accessibility and authority of a primary text book, exploring topics ranging from the fundamental aspects of calcium signaling to its varied clinical implications. It presents comprehensive discussion of cutting-edge research alongside detailed analysis of critical issues, at the same time as setting out testable hypotheses that point the way to future scientific endeavors. The contributions feature material on theoretical and methodological topics as well as related subjects including mathematical modeling and simulations. They examine calcium signaling in a host of contexts, from mammalian cells to bacteria, fruit fly and zebrafish. With much of interest to newcomers to the field as well as seasoned experts, this new publication is both wide-ranging and authoritative. The chapter “Calcium Signaling: From Basic to Bedside” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Malaria Parasites written by Andrew P. Waters and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2004 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence in late 2002 heralded a new era in malaria research. The search began in earnest for new drugs and vaccines to combat malaria, a disease which afflicts up to 500 million people worldwide and is responsible for the deaths of more than one million people each year. The new genomic data is aiding a greater understanding of the living parasite and its interaction with the insect vector and human host. In this book internationally renowned experts provide up-to-date reviews of the most important aspects of post-genomic malaria research. Topics covered include: the P. falciparum genome and model parasites, bioinformatics and genome databases, microsatellite analysis, analysis of chromosome structure, cell cycle to RNA polymerase I and II mediated gene expression, role of the nuclear genome, the parasite surface and cell biology, and much more. The book is essential to all researchers working in this highly topical field and is recommended reading for scientists in other areas of biology and medicine.
Download or read book Biocatalysis written by Qayyum Husain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to industrially important enzymes and discusses in detail their structures and functions, as well as their manifold applications. Due to their selective biocatalytic capabilities, enzymes are used in a broad range of industries and processes. The book highlights selected enzymes and their applications in agriculture, food processing and discoloration, as well as their role in biomedicine. In turn, it discusses biochemical engineering strategies such as enzyme immobilization, metabolic engineering, and cross-linkage of enzyme aggregates, and critically weighs their pros and cons. Offering a wealth of information, and stimulating further research by presenting new concepts on enzymatic catalytic functions in basic and applied contexts, the book represents a valuable asset for researchers from academia and industry who are engaged in biochemical engineering, microbiology and biotechnology.
