Download or read book Traffic Induced Compaction and Distortion Effects on Soil Pore Characteristics and Functions written by Feto Esimo Berisso and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation written by Elmira Saljnikov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book informs about knowledge gain in soil and land degradation to reduce or prevent it for meeting the mission of the Sustainable Developments Goals of the United Nations. Essence, extent, monitoring methods and implications for ecosystem functioning of main soil degradation types are characterized in overview chapters and case studies. Challenges, approaches and data towards identification of degradation in the frame of improving functionality, health and multiple ecosystem services of soil are demonstrated in the studies of international expert teams. The book consists of five parts, containing 5–12 single chapters each and 36 in total. Parts are explaining (I) Concepts and Indicators, (II) Soil Erosion and Compaction, (III) Soil Contamination, (IV) Soil Carbon and Fertility Monitoring and (V) Soil Survey and Mapping of Degradation The primary audience of this book are scientists of different disciplines, decision-makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with sustainable management of soil and land.
Download or read book Root induced Compaction and Its Effects on Soil Microstructure and Soil Hydraulic Properties Using X ray Micro tomography and Numerical Simulations written by Jazmín Estefanía Aravena Ibáñez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil is a challenging environment where resources, such as water, nutrients and air, are scarce and patchy. Plants and soil microorganisms have limited ability to move toward nutrient-enriched zones, compared with animals. Plants and roots have evolved to adapt and influence their physical environment as a way to create favorable conditions for its development. On the other hand, the structure of the soil controls its ability to receive, store and transmit water, to cycle carbon and nutrients, and to disperse anthropogenic and natural contaminants. As roots grow, soil structure changes; the pressure exerted produces a decrease in soil porosity and an increase in soil density, creating complex soil-root interactions. The scales of interest in the study of soil structure range from angstroms to kilometers. To study processes such as plant growth, root penetration, storage of water, and movement of nutrients, the most relevant scales range from microns to centimeters. Recent advances in X-ray micro-tomography (XMT) imaging have allowed the study of rhizosphere on spatial scale hitherto unreachable. This dissertation investigates utilization of XMT to study root-induced compaction on soil micro-structure and its effect on soil hydraulic properties. The current state of the art in soil-plant-root interactions using XMT is presented. Techniques to improve sensitivity of XMT images when roots are being scanned, are discussed. Feasibility of various segmentation techniques and examples of their use to quantify soil properties are addressed. XMT data quantification is then used in the study to feed numerical flow models. At bulk-scale, soil compaction has been associated with decrease in porosity and hydraulic conductivity and thus a reduction in soil productivity and fertility. However, at the aggregate scale, this study shows that natural root-induced compaction increases contact areas between aggregates, which may lead to an increase in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil adjacent to the roots. An analytical model to estimate the effect aggregate compaction on its effective hydraulic conductivity was developed. It was found that the effective hydraulic conductivity of a pair of aggregates, undergoing uniaxial stress, increased following a non-linear relationship as inter-aggregate contact area increased. Additionally, this study presents numerical modeling using actual XMT images of aggregated soil around a root surrogate to demonstrate how root-induced deformation increases unsaturated water flow towards the root, providing insight into the growth and water uptake patterns of roots in natural soils. Finally, this study presents a novel procedure that allowed coupling mechanical induced compaction with fluid flow simulation to model root-induced compaction in the rhizosphere. XMT images were used to describe in detail the rhizosphere microstructure. Then, finite element simulations were used to study the effect of an expanding root on root water uptake. The effect of increase aggregate connectivity, increase in effective hydraulic conductivity, root-soil contact area, and increase in local and global hydraulic gradient were evaluated. These results contribute to a better understanding of soil-waterroot interactions.
Download or read book Determining the Effects of Natural and Traffic induced Soil Compaction written by E. W. Tollner and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the ASAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, Ill., Dec. 13-16, 1983.
Download or read book Soil Compaction written by Jodi DeJong-Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reduction of traffic induced soil compaction written by J. H. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reduction of Traffic induced Soil Compaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Soil Mechanics written by A. J. Koolen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared with forces occurring in soil mechanics problems in civil engineering, the forces that are applied to soil in farming operations generally have a short duration, less than a few seconds, a small loaded area, no more than a few square decimeters, and small intensities, 10 bar being a high value. On the other hand, soil properties vary widely between those of a weak mud and a stone-like dry soil. Tillage and related applications of force to soil are practiced worldwide in farming. Tillage operations are performed on one hectare of land for every three human beings. This means that for the food production for each individual daily, something like one cubic meter of soil is stirred, or about 20 times his body weight. Theoretical knowledge of this most common human activity, which largely determines the surface shape of the fertile part of the earth, is still very limited. In this book the authors have tried to give an outline of the present state of the art. One of the starting points was a course in soil dynamics taught by the authors at the Agricultural University at Wageningen, The Netherlands. We hope to reach interested readers who have no more theoretical knowledge than high school level, as well as readers who want to go beyond the level of a third year university student. For the chapter on wheels and tires we received substantial support from F. G. J. Tijink of the Tillage Laboratory at Wageningen.
Download or read book Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture written by Francisco J. Villalobos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook explains the various aspects of sustainable agricultures to undergraduate and graduate students. The book first quantifies the components of the crop energy balance, i.e. the partitioning of net radiation, and their effect on the thermal environment of the canopy. The soil water balance and the quantification of its main component (evapotranspiration) are studied to determine the availability of water to rain fed crops and to calculate crop water requirements. Then it sets the limitations of crop production in relation to crop phenology, radiation interception and resource availability (e.g. nutrients). With that in mind the different agricultural techniques (sowing, tillage, irrigation, fertilization, harvest, application of pesticides, etc.) are analyzed with special emphasis in quantifying the inputs (sowing rates, fertilizer amounts, irrigation schedules, tillage plans) required for a given target yield under specific environmental conditions (soil & climate). For all techniques strategies are provided for improving the ratio productivity/resource use while ensuring sustainability. The book comes with online practical focusing on the key aspects of management in a crop rotation (collecting weather data, calculating productivity, sowing rates, irrigation programs, fertilizers rates etc).
Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by Donald L. Sparks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agronomy, Volume 178, the latest release in this leading reference on agronomy, contains a variety of updates and highlights new advances in the field, with each chapter written by an international board of authors. Includes numerous, timely, state-of-the-art reviews on the latest advancements in agronomy Features distinguished, well recognized authors from around the world Builds upon this venerable and iconic review series Covers the extensive variety and breadth of subject matter in the crop and soil sciences
Download or read book The Soils of Nepal written by Roshan Babu Ojha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book publishes consolidated information on the soils of Nepal from all possible sources. The Survey Department, Government of Nepal, conducted two national scale soil survey projects to classify soils of Nepal (Land Resource Mapping Project ended in 1985, and National Land Use Planning Project ended in 2021). Both projects adopted the United States Department of Agriculture system of soil classification. Besides, National Soil Science Research Center (previously known as Soil Science Division) of Nepal Agricultural Research Council and Soil Management Directorate, Department of Agriculture, also worked on soils of Nepal. To date, the information on the soils of Nepal is not published in well-documented form but has been reported widely as gray literature (project report or government report) or peer-review articles. 'The Soils of Nepal’ is a part of ‘World Soils Book Series’ which constitutes twelve chapters—covering broad aspects such as soil research history, climate, geology, soil classification and mapping, and soil fertility. Furthermore, information about soil properties and relation between soil constituents of the dominant soil types of Nepal and their scope of use in the context of land use are described. This book also tries to simplify the intricate relationship among soil, culture, and people. Each chapter contains a comprehensive, richly illustrated, and up-to-date overview of the soils of Nepal. We believe it fulfils a quest for a global audience including students, educators, extension workers, and soil scientists, who are interested to know the young soils of Nepal.
Download or read book Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables written by Burt G. Look and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook of properties for soils and rock contains, in a concise tabular format, the key issues relevant to geotechnical investigations, assessments and designs in common practice. In addition, there are brief notes on the application of the tables. These data tables are compiled for experienced geotechnical professionals who require a reference document to access key information. There is an extensive database of correlations for different applications. The book should provide a useful bridge between soil and rock mechanics theory and its application to practical engineering solutions. The initial chapters deal with the planning of the geotechnical investigation, the classification of the soil and rock properties and some of the more used testing is then covered. Later chapters show the reliability and correlations that are used to convert that data in the interpretative and assessment phase of the project. The final chapters apply some of these concepts to geotechnical design. This book is intended primarily for practicing geotechnical engineers working in investigation, assessment and design, but should provide a useful supplement for postgraduate courses.
Download or read book Soil Compaction Studies written by Timothy Shaun Stafford Conlin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two experiments described in this report were designed to identify early signs of compaction-related stress in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and white spruce (Picea glauca). A secondary objective was to examine the interaction of soil moisture and compaction on initial seedling growth. The third experiment was designed to examine the efforts of soil compaction on the composition of the soil atmosphere, and is continuing.
Download or read book Geotechnical Engineer s Portable Handbook written by Robert Day and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1999-12-02 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-volume library of instant geotechnical and foundation data Now for the first time ever, geotechnical, foundation, and civil engineers...geologists...architects, planners, and construction managers can quickly find information they must refer to every working day, in one compact source. Edited by Robert W. Day, the time -and effort-saving Geotechnical Engineer's Portable Handbook gives you field exploration guidelines and lab procedures. You'll find soil and rock classification, basic phase relationships, and all the tables and charts you need for stress distribution, pavement, and pipeline design. You also get abundant information on all types of geotechnical analyses, including settlement, bearing capacity, expansive soil, slope stability - plus coverage of retaining walls and building foundations. Other construction-related topics covered include grading, instrumentation, excavation, underpinning, groundwater control and more.
Download or read book Urban Soils written by Phillip J. Craul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soil which is found in large cities offer distinctive challenges to the landscape architect or horticulturist responsible for maintaining these urban plantings. Often compacted, contaminated, or otherwise unsuitable for use in major landscape projects, these soils require practical methods which can insure a successful outcome of a landscape project. This applications-oriented, introductory reference addresses numerous topics in the field of urban soil science.
Download or read book Principles of Soil Conservation and Management written by Humberto Blanco-Canqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Principles of Soil Management and Conservation” comprehensively reviews the state-of-knowledge on soil erosion and management. It discusses in detail soil conservation topics in relation to soil productivity, environment quality, and agronomic production. It addresses the implications of soil erosion with emphasis on global hotspots and synthesizes available from developed and developing countries. It also critically reviews information on no-till management, organic farming, crop residue management for industrial uses, conservation buffers (e.g., grass buffers, agroforestry systems), and the problem of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and in other regions. This book uniquely addresses the global issues including carbon sequestration, net emissions of CO2, and erosion as a sink or source of C under different scenarios of soil management. It also deliberates the implications of the projected global warming on soil erosion and vice versa. The concern about global food security in relation to soil erosion and strategies for confronting the remaining problems in soil management and conservation are specifically addressed. This volume is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students interested in understanding the principles of soil conservation and management. The book is also useful for practitioners, extension agents, soil conservationists, and policymakers as an important reference material.
Download or read book Geo frontiers 2011 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
