Download or read book Traffic Emission Modelling for Robust Policy Design in Connected and Electric Transportation written by Ran Tu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic emissions such as greenhouse gases (GHGs, in CO2eq), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and traffic-related air pollution lead to global problems including climate change and public health issues. In order to mitigate the impacts of growing urban traffic on emissions and air pollution, travel demand management, driving operation control, and advanced technology initiatives have been implemented in many cities. The aim of this research is to realize robust transportation policy decisions with improved emission estimation approaches at local and regional levels. In the first module of the thesis, the emission factor (EF, in grams of traffic emissions per unit distance) within one traffic condition, which is commonly defined as a single value, is expanded to a distribution. A regional emission distribution is therefore established using the EF distribution, enhancing the robustness of policy analysis. Meanwhile, the identification of the EF variation leads to the development of a machine-learning based emission estimation approach, CLustEr-based Validated Emission Re-calculation (CLEVER). The CLEVER approach can accurately estimate regional traffic emissions without heavy data collection burden through refined traffic condition categories and representative EFs using traffic data of multiple resolutions. In the second module, several traffic emission control strategies are tested from perspectives of emissions, air pollution, and energy consumption. First, a travel demand management targeting on high-emitting trips is tested. Compared to a short-distance trip management, the proposed strategy is more effective on reducing GHG emissions and improving traffic conditions. Second, a travel-time minimized routing algorithm with connected automated vehicles is applied in an urban road network and the application causes potential increases of near-road NO2 concentrations. Lastly, electric vehicle charging schedules are optimized to minimize GHG emissions from electricity generation. The optimized plan demonstrates high potentials for reducing GHG emissions. However, trade-offs between emission reductions and charging facility costs are identified by comparing the optimized plan with non-optimized plans. This research achieves a reliable regional traffic emission estimation with much less data requirement. Based on that, innovative control strategies proposed in this research and their comprehensive evaluation process can contribute to a robust transportation policy decision.
Download or read book Sustainable Automated and Connected Transport written by Nikolas Thomopoulos and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a valuable source of ACT information for developing holistic research methods and global policies for making progress towards the SDGs.
Download or read book Integrated Network based Models for Evaluating and Optimizing the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Transportation System written by Ti Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) requires research for models and algorithms tracing the vehicle assignment incorporating PEVs in the transportation network so that the traffic pattern can be more precisely and accurately predicted. To attain this goal, this dissertation is concerned with developing new formulations for modeling travelling behavior of electric vehicle drivers in a mixed flow traffic network environment. Much of the work in this dissertation is motivated by the special features of PEVs (such as range limitation, requirement of long electricity-recharging time, etc.), and the lack of tools of understanding PEV drivers traveling behavior and learning the impacts of charging infrastructure supply and policy on the network traffic pattern. The essential issues addressed in this dissertation are: (1) modeling the spatial choice behavior of electric vehicle drivers and analyzing the impacts from electricity-charging speed and price; (2) modeling the temporal and spatial choices behavior of electric vehicle drivers and analyzing the impacts of electric vehicle range and penetration rate; (3) and designing the optimal charging infrastructure investments and policy in the perspective of revenue management. Stochastic traffic assignment that can take into account for charging cost and charging time is first examined. Further, a quasi-dynamic stochastic user equilibrium model for combined choices of departure time, duration of stay and route, which integrates the nested-Logit discrete choice model, is formulated as a variational inequality problem. An extension from this equilibrium model is the network design model to determine an optimal charging infrastructure capacity and pricing. The objective is to maximize revenue subject to equilibrium constraints that explicitly consider the electric vehicle drivers' combined choices behavior. The proposed models and algorithms are tested on small to middle size transportation networks. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to assess the performance of the models. The research results contain the author's initiative insights of network equilibrium models accounting for PEVs impacted by different scenarios of charging infrastructure supply, electric vehicles characteristics and penetration rates. The analytical tools developed in this dissertation, and the resulting insights obtained should offer an important first step to areas of travel demand modeling and policy making incorporating PEVs.
Download or read book Scenarios Discovery written by Xiang Song (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main challenges of making strategic decisions in transportation is that we always face a set of possible future states due to deep uncertainty in traffic demand. This thesis focuses on exploring the application of model-based decision support techniques which characterize a set of future states that represent the vulnerabilities of the proposed policy. Vulnerabilities here are interpreted as states of the world where the proposed policy fails its performance goal or deviates significantly from the optimum policy due to deep uncertainty in the future. Based on existing literature and data mining techniques, a computational model-based approach known as scenario discovery is described and applied in an empirical problem. We investigated the application of this new approach in a case study based on a proposed transit policy implemented in Marina Bay district of Singapore. Our results showed that the scenario discovery approach performs well in finding the combinations of uncertain input variables that will result in policy failure.
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Download or read book Decarbonizing Transportation written by John Marshall Taggart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the potential for electric vehicles to act as a viable technology pathway to deep decarbonization of the transportation sector. Taking an integrative and multi-disciplinary approach, this research applies theories of technology development and diffusion, social welfare optimization, life cycle analysis, and empirical modeling to better understand the processes and prospects for widespread adoption, as well as the emissions benefits that could accrue from a full market transition. The first chapter develops an endogenous model of market diffusion which incorporates positive feedback effects such as learning-by-doing and network externalities, then uses it to consider what an optimal subsidy policy regime could look like in different representative scenarios. The next chapter goes more in-depth on emissions, presenting the first comparative full life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for mass market, long-range battery electric vehicles, as compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. Lastly, data from real-world trips are utilized to explore heterogeneity in vehicle efficiency and range under different trip conditions, factors which could have significant implications for the scalability of the electric vehicle technology. Broadly, results show very large electric vehicle emissions reductions across all markets, robustness of key performance metrics to local climate conditions, and positive social welfare impacts of subsidies from accelerating early market adoption.
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a Framework for Linking Traffic Simulation and Emission Estimation Models written by Matthew Muresan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to understand the effect of policy decisions on environmental indicators is strong. The emergence of new technologies brought about by connected vehicle technologies, which are difficult to evaluate in field settings, means that policies must often be evaluated with software models. In these cases, however, the transportation model and the emissions model are often separate, and multiple different ways to connect these models are possible. Although the estimations provided by each model will vary, each method also differs in terms of the computational time. This research is motivated by the need to understand the consequences of choosing a particular method to link a traffic and emissions model. Within the literature, aggregated approaches that simply use average speeds and volumes are often selected for their convenience and lower data needs. A number of different scenarios were therefore constructed to compare the estimates of these aggregated approaches to other methods that use disaggregated data, such as the use of individual discrete trajectories, the use of a velocity binning scheme that characterises networks based on their velocity profile or the use of a clustering algorithm developed for this study. This research presents a clustering algorithm that can be used to reduce the computational loads of an emissions estimation process without loss of accuracy. The results of the analysis highlight the consequences of choosing each approach. Aggregated approaches produce unreliable estimates as they are backed by assumptions that may not be valid in every case. Using individual trajectories creates high computational loads and may not be feasible in all cases. The wealth of data available from a traffic microsimulation mean that using an aggregated approach neglects to utilise the full potential of the model; however, the hybrid approaches presented in this research (clustering and velocity binning) were found to make excellent use of this data while still minimizing computational demands.
Download or read book Traffic Engineering Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Download or read book Annual Energy Outlook 2016 With Projections to 2040 written by Energy Dept., Energy Information Administration and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Annual Energy Outlook 2016 presents long-term projections of energy supply, demand, and prices through 2040. The projections, focused on U.S. energy markets, are based on results from EIA's National Energy Modeling System which enables EIA to make projections under alternative, internally consistent sets of assumptions.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior written by Nebojsa Nakicenovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wee felt it before in sense; but now wee know it by science. Edward Misselden (1623) The collective effort reported in this volume is the outcome of the diffusion of the idea of diffusion as a fundamental process in society. The considerable number of disciplines represented here indicates the weight of the problem area. The editors are to be congratulated for their initiative in drawing together present thinking at a vivid meeting, now also in print. An old timer in the business has not much to add. But maybe some things, bearing in mind that a Preface is a celebration and not a review. As always with ideas it is hard to identify those who first gave shape to the idea of diffusion. In a general sense it is probably an observation as old as human self-reflection that groups of populations exchange ideas and copy habits and implements from each other. Sometimes it has even been recommended, as a Chinese proverb suggested millenia ago, "If you want to become a good farmer, look at your neighbor" .
Download or read book The Dieselgate written by Marco Frigessi di Rattalma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains, compares and assesses the legal implications of Dieselgate within a range of selected jurisdictions and at the EU, international and comparative law level.The book analyses the US EPA-VW $14.7 billion dollar settlement of 2016, one of the largest civil settlements in the history of environmental law. As it shows, the Dieselgate affair has raised a host of issues concerning corporate and social responsibility, tort liability, environmental liability, contractual defective products, warranty, and false environmental claims in a range of jurisdictions. Issues like repurchasing or retrofitting cars from consumers and making direct payments to consumers through car buy-backs and compensation are analysed. Further, the book relates how Dieselgate has also contributed to the discussion about the introduction of more effective collective measures of redress for consumers, such as class actions, in Germany, France, Italy and the UK.The book subsequently reviews the criminal offences Volkswagen is currently confronted with in Germany, France and Italy, i.e. fraud and manipulation of capital markets (by belatedly providing shareholders with essential information relevant for the share value), and, potentially, environmental crimes. It demonstrates how Dieselgate has sparked new debates in Germany, Italy, France and the UK about the need to introduce enterprise liability for organised crimes, lack of compliance and control structures, and intentional violations of the law.Lastly, the book discusses how EU law has sought to respond to Dieselgate and thus investigates the controversial EU Regulation No. 2016/646 introducing a "temporary conformity factor" of 2.1 (equivalent to a 110% increase on the current limit) to be applied for NOx in the new RDE testing cycle, and the works of the EU committee of inquiry into Emissions Measurements in the Automotive Sector (EMIS).
Download or read book Three Revolutions written by Daniel Sperling and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-03 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Front Cover -- About Island Press -- Subscribe -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Will the Transportation Revolutions Improve Our Lives-- or Make Them Worse? -- 2. Electric Vehicles: Approaching the Tipping Point -- 3. Shared Mobility: The Potential of Ridehailing and Pooling -- 4. Vehicle Automation: Our Best Shot at a Transportation Do-Over? -- 5. Upgrading Transit for the Twenty-First Century -- 6. Bridging the Gap between Mobility Haves and Have-Nots -- 7. Remaking the Auto Industry -- 8. The Dark Horse: Will China Win the Electric, Automated, Shared Mobility Race? -- Epilogue -- Notes -- About the Contributors -- Index -- IP Board of Directors
Download or read book Vehicle to Grid written by Lance Noel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines and charts the barriers and future of vehicle-to-grid technology: a technology that could dramatically reduce emissions, create revenue, and accelerate the adoption of battery electric cars. This technology connects the electric power grid and the transportation system in ways that will enable electric vehicles to store renewable energy and offer valuable services to the electricity grid and its markets. To understand the complex features of this emergent technology, the authors explore the current status and prospect of vehicle-to-grid, and detail the sociotechnical barriers that may impede its fruitful deployment. The book concludes with a policy roadmap to advise decision-makers on how to optimally implement vehicle-to-grid and capture its benefits to society while attempting to avoid the impediments discussed earlier in the book.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications
Download or read book Smart Transport for Cities and Nations written by Christian Claudel and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
