Download or read book Trade Standards and the Political Economy of Genetically Modified Food written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anderson, Damania, and Jackson develop a common-agency lobbying model to help understand why North America and the European Union have adopted such different policies toward genetically modified (GM) food. Their results show that when firms (in this case farmers) lobby policymakers to influence standards, and consumers and environmentalists care about the choice of standard, it is possible that increased competition from abroad can lead to strategic incentives to raise standards, not just lower them as shown in earlier models. The authors show that differences in comparative advantage in the adoption of GM crops may be sufficient to explain the trans-Atlantic difference in GM policies. On the one hand, farmers in a country with a comparative advantage in GM technology can gain a strategic cost advantage by lobbying for lax controls on GM production and use at home and abroad. On the other hand, when faced with greater competition, the optimal response of farmers in countries with a comparative disadvantage in GM adoption may be to lobby for more-stringent GM standards. So it is rational for producers in the European Union (whose relatively small farms would enjoy less gains from the new biotechnology than broad-acre American farms) to reject GM technology if that enables them and consumer and environmental lobbyists to argue for restraints on imports from GM-adopting countries. This theoretical proposition is supported by numerical results from a global general equilibrium model of GM adoption in America with and without an EU moratorium. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Groupis part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economic implications of standards and technology policies in a multilateral trading environment"--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Trade Standards and the Political Economy of Genetically Modified Food written by Kym Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anderson, Damania, and Jackson develop a common-agency lobbying model to help understand why North America and the European Union have adopted such different policies toward genetically modified (GM) food. Their results show that when firms (in this case farmers) lobby policymakers to influence standards, and consumers and environmentalists care about the choice of standard, it is possible that increased competition from abroad can lead to strategic incentives to raise standards, not just lower them as shown in earlier models. The authors show that differences in comparative advantage in the adoption of GM crops may be sufficient to explain the trans-Atlantic difference in GM policies. On the one hand, farmers in a country with a comparative advantage in GM technology can gain a strategic cost advantage by lobbying for lax controls on GM production and use at home and abroad. On the other hand, when faced with greater competition, the optimal response of farmers in countries with a comparative disadvantage in GM adoption may be to lobby for more-stringent GM standards. So it is rational for producers in the European Union (whose relatively small farms would enjoy less gains from the new biotechnology than broad-acre American farms) to reject GM technology if that enables them and consumer and environmental lobbyists to argue for restraints on imports from GM-adopting countries. This theoretical proposition is supported by numerical results from a global general equilibrium model of GM adoption in America with and without an EU moratorium.This paper - a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economic implications of standards and technology policies in a multilateral trading environment.
Download or read book The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food written by R. Falkner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically modified food is at the heart of a new global conflict over how to govern risky technologies in an era of globalization. This timely collection brings together experts from the fields of IR, environmental studies, trade and law to examine the sources of international friction and to explore the prospects for international co-operation.
Download or read book The Political Economy of Genetically Modified Foods written by Robert Eugene Evenson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important collection prepared by Robert E. Evenson and Terri Raney - leading scholars in the field - focuses on one of the most controversial issues of our time - the genetic modification of agricultural produce. Whilst the US and Canada are supportive of GM crops, the European Union urges other countries to involve the 'precautionary principle' in regulatory policy. This comprehensive volume, which will appeal to scholars and practitioners alike, includes papers discussing this European Union-North American divide and possible resolutions of differences on this subject. Topics examined include: the technology; the industry; farmer adoption; consumer acceptance; economic impacts; the emergence of GM free markets and GM products for developing countries.
Download or read book Biotechnology Regulation and Trade written by Stuart J. Smyth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global food security. The first section of the book establishes the context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to the more socio-economically focused framework established by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by providing new information about innovative agricultural technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics, political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.
Download or read book When Cooperation Fails written by Mark A. Pollack and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-05-21 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transatlantic dispute over genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has brought into conflict the United States and the European Union, two long-time allies and economically interdependent democracies with a long record of successful cooperation. Yet the dispute - pitting a largely acceptant US against an EU deeply suspicious of GMOs - has developed into one of the most bitter and intractable transatlantic and global conflicts, resisting efforts at negotiated resolution and resulting in a bitterly contested legal battle before the World Trade Organization. Professors Pollack and Shaffer investigate the obstacles to reconciling regulatory differences among nations through international cooperation, using the lens of the GMO dispute. The book addresses the dynamic interactions of domestic law and politics, transnational networks, international regimes, and global markets, through a theoretically grounded and empirically comprehensive analysis of the governance of GM foods and crops. They demonstrate that the deeply politicized, entrenched and path-dependent nature of the regulation of GMOs in the US and the EU has fundamentally shaped negotiations and decision-making at the international level, limiting the prospects for deliberation and providing incentives for both sides to engage in hard bargaining and to "shop" for favorable international forums. They then assess the impacts, and the limits, of international pressures on domestic US and European law, politics and business practice, which have remained strikingly resistant to change. International cooperation in areas like GMO regulation, the authors conclude, must overcome multiple obstacles, legal and political, domestic and international. Any effective response to this persistent dispute, they argue, must recognize both the obstacles to successful cooperation, and the options that remain for each side when cooperation fails.
Download or read book Agricultural Biotechnology and Transatlantic Trade written by Grant Isaac and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002-02-21 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops which are approved as safe in North America (Canada and the United States) are facing significant regulatory hurdles in gaining access to the European Union. The development and commercialization of GM crops illustrate a complex challenge facing trade diplomacy - the challenge of regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory barriers.
Download or read book Governing the Transatlantic Conflict over Agricultural Biotechnology written by Joseph Murphy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delays in approving genetically modified crops and foods in the European Union have led to a high profile trade conflict with the United States. This book analyses the EU-US conflict and uses it as a case study to explore the governance of new technologies. The transatlantic conflict over GM crops and food has been widely attributed to regulatory differences that divide the EU and the US. Going beyond common stereotypes of these differences and their origins, this book analyses the conflict through contending coalitions of policy actors operating across the Atlantic. Governing the Transatlantic Conflict over Agricultural Biotechnology focuses on interactions between the EU and the US, rather than on EU-US comparisons. Drawing on original research and interviews with key policy actors, the book shows how EU-US efforts to harmonise regulations for agricultural biotechnology created the context in which activists could generate a backlash against the technology. In this new context regulations were shaped along different lines. Joseph Murphy and Les Levidow provide new insights by elaborating critical perspectives on global governance, issue-framing, standard-setting and regulatory science. This accessible book will appeal to undergraduate and post-graduate students, academics and policy-makers working on a wide range of issues covered by political science, policy studies, international relations, economics, geography, business management, environmental and development studies, science and technology studies.
Download or read book Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture Economics and Politics written by Gerald C. Nelson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically modified crops have become a topic of great interest among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and politicians. Despite their potential benefits, public hostility toward these crops is causing dramatic changes to import/export policies, food safety regulations, and agricultural practices around the world. Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and a balanced look at the costs and benefits of GMO products. Part I reviews the scientific, economic, and political issues relating to the use of agricultural GMOs. Chapters cover specific applications, regulatory concerns, import/export patterns, international trade issues, and a discussion of future trends. Part II offers a unique look at all sides of the GMO controversies, with short chapters contributed by leading individuals with widely different perspectives. Part III presents a more in-depth look at selected issues plus helpful reference materials. This book makes the latest information on GMOs accessible to all interested parties, including students, laypeople, scientists, activists, and professionals working in related fields. * Additional detailed footnotes and references for the academic * International contributions from the US, Europe and India * Covers the perspectives of different groups involved in the controversies: governments, environmental agencies, consumers, industrial agencies and the developing world
Download or read book Genes Trade And Regulation The Seeds Of Conflict In Food Biotechnology written by Thomas Bernauer and published by Universities Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural (Or Green ) Biotechnology Is A Source Of Growing Tensions In The Global Trading System. Genetically Modified Food Thus Faces An Uncertain Future. The Technology Behind It Might Revolutionize Food Production Around The World. Or It Might Follow The Example Of Nuclear Energy, Which Declined From A Symbol Of Socio-Economic Progress To Become One Of The Most Unpopular And Uneconomical Innovations In History.This Book Provides Novel And Thought-Provoking Insights Into The Fundamental Policy Issues Involved In Agricultural Biotechnology. Thomas Bernauer Explains Global Regulatory Polarization And Trade Conflict In This Area. He Then Evaluates Cooperative And Unilateral Policy Tools For Coping With Trade Tensions. Arguing That The Tools Used Thus Far Have Been And Will Continue To Be Ineffective, He Concludes That The Risk Of A Full-Blown Trade Conflict Is High And May Lead To Reduced Investment And The Stagnation Or Even The Decline Of The Technology. Bernauer Concludes With Suggestions For Policy Reforms To Halt This Trajectory Recommendations That Strike A Sensible Balance Between Public-Safety Concerns And Private Economic Freedom So That Food Biotechnology Is Given A Fair Chance To Prove Its Environmental, Health, Humanitarian, And Economic Benefits.This Book Will Equip Companies, Farmers, Regulators, Ngos, Academics, Students, And The Interested Public Including Both Advocates And Critics Of Green Biotechnology With A Deeper Understanding Of The Political, Economic, And Societal Factors Shaping The Future Of One Of The Most Revolutionary Technologies Of Our Times.
Download or read book Crime Political Economy and Genetically Modified Food written by WALTERS REECE and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-08 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GM debate has been ongoing for over a decade, yet it has been contained in the scientific world and presented in technical terms. This book aims to bring the debates about GM food into the social and criminological arena. On September 11 2003, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety became international law. As a result, a vast number of practices currently adopted by the US and UK Governments as well as numerous bio-tech industries became illegal. To date, criminal activity and GM food has been reported in the press, however, it has been confined to the actions of protest groups destroying GM crops and testing laboratories. This book highlights the criminal actions of state and corporate officials including the illegal use of genetic technologies, the illegal production and sale of GM products, the economic exploitation of trade in third world countries, the monopolisation of seeds and economic disaster for GM farmers, biopiracy and the manipulation of science - to mention just a few.
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Politics and Public Outrage written by Erika Meins and published by Lit Verlag. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a general framework that is able to explain cross-national regulatory variation. Its most important theoretical contribution is to include the notion of public perceptions into a political economy theory of regulation. The study involves four case studies from the realm of environmental, health, and safety risks.
Download or read book Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Research Council's Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences held a 2-day workshop on January 15-16, 2015, in Washington, DC to explore the public interfaces between scientists and citizens in the context of genetically engineered (GE) organisms. The workshop presentations and discussions dealt with perspectives on scientific engagement in a world where science is interpreted through a variety of lenses, including cultural values and political dispositions, and with strategies based on evidence in social science to improve public conversation about controversial topics in science. The workshop focused on public perceptions and debates about genetically engineered plants and animals, commonly known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), because the development and application of GMOs are heavily debated among some stakeholders, including scientists. For some applications of GMOs, the societal debate is so contentious that it can be difficult for members of the public, including policy-makers, to make decisions. Thus, although the workshop focused on issues related to public interfaces with the life science that apply to many science policy debates, the discussions are particularly relevant for anyone involved with the GMO debate. Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms: When Science and Citizens Connect summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Food Politics and Society written by Ronald J. Herring and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2015 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the complex interrelationships between food and agriculture, politics, and society. More specifically, it considers the political aspects of three basic economic questions : what is to be produced? how is it to be produced? how it is to be distributed? It also outlines three unifying themes running through the politics of answering these societalquestions with regard to food, namely : ecology, technology and property
Download or read book The Political Economy of Agricultural and Food Policies written by Johan Swinnen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food and agriculture have been subject to heavy-handed government interventions throughout much of history and across the globe, both in developing and in developed countries. Today, more than half a trillion US dollars are spent by some governments to support farmers, while other governments impose regulations and taxes that hurt farmers. Some policies, such as price regulations and tariffs, distribute income but reduce total welfare by introducing economic distortions. Other policies, such as public investments in research, food standards, or land reforms, may increase total welfare, but these policies come also with distributional effects. These distributional effects influence the preferences of interest groups and in turn influence policy decisions. Political considerations are therefore crucial to understand how agricultural and food policies are determined, to identify the constraints within which welfare-enhancing reforms are possible (or not), and finally to understand how coalitions can be created to stimulate growth and reduce poverty.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy written by Jayson L. Lusk and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First reference on food consumption and policy.
