Download or read book Reciprocity U S Trade Policy and the GATT Regime written by Carolyn Rhodes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Reciprocity Legislation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Going Alone written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytic and empirical study of unilateral trade liberalization agreements, from the nineteenth century to the present. Since the end of World War II, the freeing of trade has been most visible in reciprocal liberalization agreements negotiated under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT, and through increasing bilateral and plurilateral agreements. There has also, however, been a significant, if less visible, unilateral freeing of trade by several nations. This book, based on a research project directed by Jagdish Bhagwati, examines the experiences with such unilateral trade liberalization. Part 1 considers historical experiences, following Britain's unilateral embrace of free trade. Part 2 discusses recent examples, and Part 3 discusses unilateral liberalization in specific sectors. The substantive introduction provides a synthesis of the findings as well as theoretical support. It argues that although unilateral freeing of trade is generally less beneficial than reciprocity, it can trigger "sequential" reciprocity through example or by encouraging lobbies abroad to favor trade expansion.
Download or read book Reciprocity written by William R. Cline and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the US push for equal access to foreign markets.
Download or read book Trade Reciprocity written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Reciprocity II written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Free Trade the Tariff and Reciprocity written by Frank William Taussig and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reciprocal Trade Agreements written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reciprocal Trade Policy of the United States written by Henry J. Tasca and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.
Download or read book Reciprocal Trade written by United States Tariff Commission. Library and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reciprocity and Retaliation in U S Trade Policy written by Thomas O. Bayard and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 1994 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the United States use retaliatory threats to open foreign markets or deter unfair trading practices? This study reexamines the arguments for and against reciprocity and retaliatory threats in light of actual experience since early 1975, especially the United States' aggressive use of the section 301, special 301, and super 301 provisions of US trade law, which gives the president broad authority to retaliate against "unjustifiable, unreasonable, or discriminatory" foreign trade practices. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these policies and the circumstances under which they are likely to succeed or fail. The study contains an empirical assessment of all section 301 cases concluded between 1975 and 1993. It also provides detailed case studies of various trade conflicts, including the super 301 negotiations involving Japan, Brazil, India, Taiwan, and Korea, financial services disputes with Japan and the European Union, the US-EU conflict over oilseeds, and the US-Japan beef and citrus negotiations. It concludes with an assessment of how the world trading system will change in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round of multilateral negotiations and why it is necessary and desirable for US policy to move from aggressive unilateralism to a strategy of aggressive multilateralism.
Download or read book Empowering Exporters written by Michael J. Gilligan and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2010-08-27 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the New Deal, most groups seeking protection from imports were successful in obtaining relief from Congress. In general the cost of paying the tariffs for consumers was less than the cost of mounting collective action to stop the tariffs. In 1934, with the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, all of this changed. The six decades that followed have produced a remarkable liberalization of trade policy in the United States. This occurred despite the fact that domestic politics, according to some of the best developed theories, should have prevented this liberalization. Michael Gilligan argues that liberalization has succeeded because it has been reciprocal with liberalization in other countries. Our trade barriers have been reduced as an explicit quid pro quo for reduction of trade barriers in other countries. Reciprocity, Gilligan argues, gives exporters the incentive to support free trade policies because it gives them a clear gain from free trade and thus enables the exporters to overcome collective action problems. The lobbying by exporters, balancing the interests of groups seeking protection, changes the preferences of political leaders in favor of more liberalization. Gilligan tests his theory in a detailed exploration of the history of American trade policy and in a quantitative analysis showing increases in the demand for liberalization as the result of reciprocity in trade legislation from 1890 to the present. This book should appeal to political scientists, economists, and those who want to understand the political underpinnings of American trade policy. Michael J. Gilligan is Assistant Professor of Politics, New York University.
Download or read book Free Trade Versus Reciprocity written by Samuel Smith and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Download or read book Aggressive U S Reciprocity Evaluated with a New Analytical Approach to Trade Conflicts written by Ronald J. Wonnacott and published by Institute for Research on Public Policy = Institut de recherches politiques. This book was released on 1984 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Articles on Reciprocity written by and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reciprocal Trade written by United States Tariff Commission. Library and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
