Download or read book Democracy and Trade Policy in Developing Countries written by Bumba Mukherjee and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, two major trends have emerged among developing countries: the rise of new democracies and the rush to free trade. For some, the confluence of these events suggests that a free-market economy complements a fledgling democracy. Others argue that the two are inherently incompatible and that exposure to economic globalization actually jeopardizes new democracies. Which view is correct? Bumba Mukherjee argues that the reality of how democracy and trade policy unravel in developing countries is more nuanced than either account. Mukherjee offers the first comprehensive cross-national framework for identifying the specific economic conditions that influence trade policy in developing countries. Laying out the causes of variation in trade policy in four developing or recently developed countries—Brazil, India, Indonesia, and South Africa—he argues persuasively that changing political interactions among parties, party leaders, and the labor market are often key to trade policy outcome. For instance, if workers are in a position to benefit from opening up to trade, party leaders in turn support trade reforms by decreasing tariffs and other trade barriers. At a time when discussions about the stability of new democracies are at the forefront, Democracy and Trade Policy in Developing Countries provides invaluable insight into the conditions needed for a democracy to survive in the developing world in the context of globalization.

Download or read book Trade Policies towards Developing Countries written by Akira Hirata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1970s and 1980s saw a radical expansion of manufacturing from developing countries, triggering off a new type of trade conflict in world trade. The response of industrial countreis has been multi-fold: ranging from protection in sensitive industries to preferences. This book takes stock, and evaluates the trade policy measures of, Japan, US and EC, towards developing countries, with a realistic, `non-dependency' approach.

Download or read book Trade Policies Toward Developing Countries written by Lorenzo L. Pérez and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Trade Policy for Development written by Arvid Lukauskas and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many textbooks devoted to international trade but few volumes that survey trade theory, policy, and negotiations in a concise, up-to-date manner from an interdisciplinary perspective. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the issues that dominate both academic discourse and the policymaking arena in the field of international trade, bringing to bear the insights of economics, law, and political science. It also stands out by virtue of its emphasis on the development implications of trade, an increasingly useful perspective given the deepening liberalization of developing and emerging market economies and their growing importance in the world economy. The volume examines the full range of trade policy topics that dominate contemporary debates, such as rules of origin, trade in services, competition, public procurement, and trade facilitation, plus emergent controversial topics like trade-related labour standards and environmental issues. It analyses the international trade architecture and the institutional and practical aspects of policymaking and negotiations at the unilateral, multilateral, and regional level, as well as the effects of trade on economic growth, inequality, and poverty. It also explores the sharp increase in the number of preferential trade agreements and their significance for the global trade system. The treatment of each issue is rigorous, yet highly accessible to anyone with a basic background in economics, law, and international political economy.

Download or read book National Trade Policies written by Dominick Salvatore and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1992 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade is now almost universally regarded as an important stimulus to growth and economic development, but while many aspects of international trade are regulated by international agreement, most nations retain some important specific trade policies for manufactured goods. In this work, the second volume of Greenwood's Handbook of Comparative Economic Policies, Dominick Salvatore presents an overview of national trade policies in the world's most important countries. As the only detailed comparative study of international trade policies, this volume will be an increasingly useful reference tool as international trade becomes more and more important in the years to come. The work brings together contributions on twenty-two different countries plus four chapters on overall trade policies and helps to shed light not only on each nation's specific trade policies but also on the effect of various policies on the growth of developed countries, the rate of economic development, and the progress of restructuring in the former centrally planned economies. The book is divided into six basic sections: the first provides an introduction to international trade policies and tariff and trade agreements, while the remaining five sections detail leading industrial countries, other industrial countries, Latin American nations, the countries of Asia and Africa, and the USSR, Poland, and China. Each chapter within these sections offers an easily accessible overview of trade policies as well as a list of references that identify the most important sources of additional information. This handbook will be an effective resource and reference tool for students of comparative economics and for economists and international policymakers.

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Download or read book Globalization And International Trade Policies written by Robert M Stern and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-09-04 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a collection of papers that Robert M Stern and his co-authors have written in recent years. The collection addresses a variety of issues pertinent to the global trading system. One group of papers deals with globalization in terms of what the public needs to know about this phenomenon and the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO), whether some countries may be hurt by globalization, how global market integration relates to national sovereignty, and how and whether considerations of fairness are and should be dealt with in the global trading system and WTO negotiations. A second group of papers consists of analytical and computational modeling studies of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements and negotiations from a global and national perspective for the United States and other major trading countries. The remaining papers include an empirical analysis of barriers to international services transactions and the consequences of liberalization, and issues of international trade and labor standards.

Download or read book Trade Policy for Developing Countries written by Donald B. Keesing and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Trade Policy written by D. Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-01-29 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade plays a definitive role in the economic growth process. The developing countries accounted for over one quarter of total world trade by value in the early eighties; this proportion declined to a fifth in 1987. The developing countries, except for a handful of them, have made serious and expansive errors in their trade policies. The primary objective of Professor Das is to clear the cobwebs of confusion and misgivings that are only too apparent in the realm of trade policy. The book is addressed to the domestic as well as the international aspects of trade policy in the developing countries. It takes the neoclassical economic philosophic lines and makes an analytical case for free trade with hard-hitting arguments.

Download or read book Trade Policy and Global Poverty written by William R. Cline and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free trade can help 500 million people escape poverty and inject.

Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Download or read book International Trade in Services written by Olivier Cattaneo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The services sector is key to economic growth, competitiveness, and poverty alleviation. Comprising more than two-thirds of the world economy, services are now commonly traded across borders, helped by technological progress and the increased mobility of persons. In recent years, a number of developing countries have looked at trade in services as a means to both respond to domestic supply shortages and to diversify and boost exports. Any country can tap into the trade potential of services, but not every country can become a services hub across sectors. The opening of the services sector potentially comes with large benefits, but also fears and costs that should not be overlooked. This book provides useful guidelines for the assessment of a country s trade potential, and a roadmap for successful opening and export promotion in select services sectors. It looks at both the effects of increased imports and exports, and provides concrete examples of developing country approaches that have either succeeded or failed to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of opening. It focuses on sectors that have been rarely analyzed through the trade lens, and/or have a fast growing trade potential for developing countries. These sectors are: accounting, construction, distribution, engineering, environmental, health, information technology, and legal services. This book is designed for non-trade specialists to understand how trade can help improve access to key services in developing countries, and for trade specialists to understand the specific characteristics of each individual sector. It will be a useful tool for governments to design successful trade opening or promotion strategies, and for the private sector and consumers to advocate sound domestic policy reforms accompanying an offensive trade agenda.

Download or read book The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth, poverty reduction and trade, and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO, the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs, improve the enabling environment, implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy, better manage risks faced by the poor, and improve data used for policy-making.

Download or read book The New Trade Theory and Its Relevance for Developing Countries written by Asad Alam and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new trade theory provides new rationale for government intervention in trade. But a host of economic and political economy criticisms and certain identifying features of developing countries severely undermine its relevance for developing countries.

Download or read book Chances and Risks of Free Trade Policies written by Philipp Rothe and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, , language: English, abstract: This paper examines the definition, history and status of free trade in the world today. In history a lot of countries acted in accordance with protectionist trade policies which means they had a lot of barriers, tariffs, and limits towards the trade with other countries. The aim was to protect their own economy. However, in today's world there is much more free trade which means "the buying and selling of goods, without limits on the amount of goods that one country can sell to another and without special taxes on the goods bought from a foreign country". The theory of free trade was first invented in 1776 by Adam Smith. And although it goes back to colonial times, free trade remained a theory for centuries. Ever since Adam Smith's concept of free trade, merchants tried to remove trade barriers between countries again and again. But especially during the industrialization period the countries used trade barriers to boost their economy. As late as after the second world war, the US for example started to lower import tariffs. The idea of lowering tariffs is that more trade takes place, countries can specialize economically in what they do best and afterwards exchange these products for goods that they don't produce most efficiently or that they don't have easily available. That in turn means the people are freer to choose their position in the economy, the worlds resources are used more efficient and the wealth of nations is growing. In a nutshell it means a country can compete in the global market by specializing to its fundamental economic strengths and by doing this increase economic growth. Some international institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) were founded to promote free trade in place of protectionism and so helped to build the world how it is today in terms of trading.

Download or read book Trade policy of developing countries and emerging economies in the course of globalization written by Rainer Schenk and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-07-31 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, , language: English, abstract: The current global economy is characterized by extensive globalization of the markets. The accompanying international trade affects industrial nations and developing countries in differing degrees. The analysis of trade policy in developing countries can, in the process, be analyzed using the same tools as those for developed countries, namely industrial na-tions. Earlier development stages of trade policy amongst developing countries were character-ized by protectionism and an orientation towards a domestic market which consequently led to a weak internationalization of these countries. It was not possible to decrease the distance between the classical industrial states since the industrial states themselves, in the context of the first phase of globalization, were able to significantly advance on a global scale. As a result of the rejection of protectionism by means of changing political structures and the accompanying liberalization, it was therefore possible, in the early phases of globaliza-tion, whose origins lie in the end of the 19th and the start of the 20th century, for several developing countries to successfully advance in the wake of the general dynamic of inter-nationalization. The share in the world good’s market; the volumes in direct investments and the inflows of portfolio capital were able to increase amongst these groups of countries, albeit not for all countries to the same extent. As a result, the majority of developing countries today are tightly embedded in world trade. Moreover, these countries were capable of registering export quotas of 20% and 30%. The gap between the so-called OECD countries could be largely made up for. In the course of early globalization, the OECD countries also dynamically developed with the consequence that many developing countries were, in turn, able to benefit from these global economic interactions. Today, the export revenue of OECD countries with develop-ing countries represents 25%. This is a 40% increase within the last 20 years. The foreign trade of developing countries with OECD countries, on the other hand, ac-counts for merely 60% of the total foreign trade of developing countries in our present day. At the same time, there has been an emergence of foreign trade diversification in favor of exporting industrial goods by courtesy of developing countries which amounted to as much as 84% in 1996 which in 1996 accounted for as much as 84%.

Download or read book Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization.