Download or read book Trade Liberalization Competition and the WTO written by Chris Milner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twelve chapters, presented by Milner (international economics, U. of Nottingham, UK) and Read (international economics, U. of Lancaster, UK), argue for the extension of the power of the WTO over policy areas and beyond border trade measures and analyze how to implement this agenda. Under the heading of trade liberalization, a group of chapters explore issues of market access in manufactures and agricultural goods on a multilateral or regional basis. Other contributions look at the links between competition and other industrial policies or interventions. Finally, contributors focus more specifically on the structure and actions of the World Trade Organization in policing the neoliberal system. The general tone of the work is uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of the WTO's agenda, with an occasional comment slipping in about possible harms to the world's poor. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book A General Theory of Trade and Competition written by Shanker Singham and published by Cameron May. This book was released on 2007 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Theory of Trade... is the first academic or practitioner text book to establish a general theory of trade and competition and attempts to bring these two disciplines back together. Shanker Singham demonstrates that there is indeed a powerful interface between these two areas and that by understanding this interface practitioners, be they in governments, companies or law and economics firms can succeed in trade negotiations as well as build up support for free trade principles in a time when they are being increasingly challenged. By noting that consumer welfare is enhanced where trade liberalization is accompanied by competitive markets and property rights protection, the author articulates an overall vision in which future policymakers can frame a different kind of trade debate.

Download or read book Economic Development Competition Policy and the World Trade Organization written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the recent World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial meeting in Doha, Qatar, WTO members called for the launch of negotiations on disciplines relating to competition based on explicit consensus on modalities to be agreed at the fifth WTO ministerial meeting in 2003. WTO discussions since 1997 have revealed little support for ambitious multilateral action. Proponents of the WTO antitrust disciplines currently propose an agreement that is limited to "core principles"-nondiscrimination, transparency, and provisions banning "hard core" cartels. The authors argue that an agreement along such lines will create compliance costs for developing countries without addressing the anticompetitive behavior of firms located in foreign jurisdictions. To be unambiguously beneficial to low-income countries, any WTO antitrust disciplines should recognize the capacity constraints that prevail in these economies, make illegal collusive business practices by firms with international operations that raise prices in developing country markets, and require competition authorities in high-income countries to take action against firms located in their jurisdictions to defend the interests of affected developing country consumers. More generally, a case is made that traditional liberalization commitments using existing WTO fora will be the most effective means of lowering prices and increasing access to an expanded variety of goods and services.

Download or read book Competition Policy Developing Countries and the WTO written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries have a great interest in pursuing active domestic competition policy but should do so independent of the World Trade Organization -- which they should use to improve market access through further reduction in direct barriers to trade in goods and services.

Download or read book Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text addresses two central questions: what impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty, and how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors?.

Download or read book WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade written by Aik Hoe Lim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative, interdisciplinary, practitioner-oriented insights into the key challenges faced in addressing the services trade liberalization and domestic regulation interface.

Download or read book National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services written by Markus Krajewski and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like tariffs and other border measures, national regulatory barriers impede international trade. Unlike tariffs, however, such barriers usually indicate an important domestic policy choice. This 'conflict of interest' has emerged as a crucial issue in international law, particularly with regard to services, such as telecommunications and health services. This study is the first to analyze the potential impact of incompatibilities between national regulatory regimes and the rules and obligations imposed by the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). In the process of arriving at his challenging concluding theses, the author investigates such relevant concepts as the following: the political and ideological dynamics of GATS negotiations services trade liberalization in regional integration systems, particularly in EC law policies common to diverse national regulatory systems the notions of 'deregulation' and 'privatization' the human rights implications of international trade law the GATS obligations of market access, national treatment, and most-favoured-nation treatment the role of the WTO's dispute settlement organs GATS transparency obligations Professor Krajewski's study is of enormous significance to specialists in regulatory policies and instruments at all national and sectoral levels, especially in the context of ongoing GATS negotiations. As the author warns: Unless GATS negotiators and national regulators have a thorough understanding of the relationship between GATS obligations and regulatory policies and instruments, they cannot effectively use the flexible elements of GATS and could reach an agreement which they may later regret.

Download or read book Adjusting to Trade Liberalization written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication identifies tools at the disposal of governments to smooth adjustment, to minimize an economy's adjustment costs and to alleviate the burden of those who suffer most.--Publisher's description.

Download or read book Competition Law in the WTO written by Roland Weinrauch and published by Intersentia Uitgevers N V. This book was released on 2004 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the rationale as well as the feasibility of the negotiation of a WTO competition law agreement after the Cancun Ministerial Meeting. It particularly describes: - the 'status quo' of divergent national competition regimes; - the trade and competition policy relationship; - the role of competition policy and law in the context of globalization and trade liberalization; - the global welfare losses resulting from trade-competition interrelationship problems; - the efficacy of extraterritorial enforcement of national competition law; - bilateral and regional cooperations; - legal approaches to the creation of intenational competition law; - competition related provisions in the WTO agreements; and - the main content of a WTA framework agreement.

Download or read book Most favoured nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.

Download or read book The World Trade Organization and Trade in Services written by Kern Alexander and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organisation plays the primary role in regulating international trade in goods, services and intellectual property. Traditionally, international trade law and regulation has been analysed primarily from the trade-in-goods perspective. Services are becoming an important competence for the WTO. The institutional, legal and regulatory influence of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on domestic economic policymaking is attracting increasing attention in the academic and policymaking literature. The growing importance of services trade to the global economy makes the application of the GATS to trade in services an important concern of international economic policy. The GATS contains important innovations that build on the former GATT and existing WTO/GATT trade regime for goods. This book fills a void in the academic and policymaking literature by examining how the GATS governs international trade in services and its growing impact on the regulatory practice of WTO member states. It offers a unique discussion of the major is-sues confronting WTO member states by analysing the GATS and related international trade issues from a variety of perspectives that include law, political economy, regulation, and business. Moreover, the role of the WTO in promoting liberalised trade and economic development has come under serious strain because of the breakdown of the Doha Development Round negotiations. The book analyses the issues in the Doha services debate with some suggested policy approaches that might help build a more durable GATS framework. The book is a welcomed addition to the WTO literature and will serve as a point of reference for academics, policymakers and practitioners.

Download or read book GATS 2000 written by Pierre Sauve and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and the Center for Business and Government at Harvard University publication With the negotiation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the policies affecting access to, and conditions of competition in, service markets are today firmly rooted in the multilateral trading system. Written with policymakers and practitioners in mind, the essays in this volume address some of the most pressing questions arising in services trade today—some of which were not addressed by the first generation of GATS negotiators.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization in China s Accession to the World Trade Organization written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's forthcoming access to the World Trade Organization involves reform in many sectors, both domestic and trade-related. The starting point for reform is a partially reformed economy with relatively high import duties, in which export sectors benefit from liberal duty exemptions on inputs. Both China and its major trading partners will gain from access - with China gaining most (perhaps half of the estimated $56 billion in annual welfare gains). Some developing countries will suffer small losses because of increased competition from China. The adjustments required are greatly reduced by China's dramatic liberalization in the 1990s.

Download or read book Liberalizing Trade in Services written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Since the mid 1980s a substantial amount of research has been undertaken on trade in services. Much of this is inspired by the World Trade Organization or regional trade agreements, especially the European Union, but an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of services sector liberalization. This paper surveys the literature, focusing on contributions that investigate the determinants of international trade and investment in services, the potential gains from greater trade (and liberalization), and efforts to cooperate to achieve such liberalization through trade agreements. It concludes that there is increasing evidence that services liberalization is an important source of potential welfare gains, but relatively little research has been done that can inform the design of international cooperation-both trade agreements and development assistance-so as to more effectively promote development objectives.

Download or read book A Multilateral Competition Framework in the World Trade Organization written by José Miguel Azpúrua Alfonzo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a widespread movement towards economic liberalization led to the pervasive establishment of domestic competition policies oriented to foster economic efficiency by guaranteeing free-market entry and other grounds for free competition, the idea of developing a multilateral competition framework has been increasingly addressed both institutionally and academically. Particularly, the liberalization of trade and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) furthered the pro-marketeering logic which is also shared by competition, and therefore the so-called interface between trade in competition began to gain importance, to the extent that the WTO created a working group to discuss the eventual inclusion of competition within the scope of competence of the organization. However, such working group failed to reach a definite consensus, and in 2004 it was declared inactive by the WTO general council. Much of the critic has attributed this lack of consensus in the inclusion of competition to the WTO to the disparity between the domestic economic policies amongst member countries. In that sense, it has been contended that the enactment of a domestic competition law ought to constitute a precondition to participate in a multilateral competition framework. But as the number of countries with competition laws has dramatically increased in the recent years, and as there has been an increased awareness of the notion of competition policy understood as a systematic compound of elements beyond the mere enactment of the law, the question that then arises is: what are the grounds on which a country would be willing to participate in a WTO-based competition framework? To that end, the present study examines the impact that each of the main elements known to conform a domestic competition policy have on a country's willingness to participate in a multilateral competition framework, in order to conclude that the efforts of mutilateralizing competition policy should begin by providing a coherent platform of assistance for incipient competition regimes.

Download or read book Towards WTO Competition Rules Key Issues and Comments on the WTO Report 1998 on Trade and Competition Proceedings of the Seminar Zurich University 8 10 July 1999 written by Roger Zach and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-10-05 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progressive elimination of formal, government-imposed trade barriers under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and--since 1955--the World Trade Organization (WTO) brought competition policy onto the agenda of the WTO. In November 1998, a WTO working group presented a comprehensive report on the `Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy' (the Jenny Report). In July 1999, a group of internationally recognized competition law experts, together with high-ranking officials from the WTO, Geneva, the European Commission, and the German Bundeskartelamt met in a seminar at Zurich University with the aim of commenting on the Jenny Report, of identifying key issues for international competition rules and of presenting proposals for such rules. The results are presented in this volume. Due to evident differences between the US and Europe/Japan in the goals and features of rules protecting international competition, negotiations in this area will be difficult. The contributions contained in this volume offer new approaches and proposals that might help to overcome these difficulties.

Download or read book The WTO and Economic Development written by Ben Zissimos and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists offer rigorous quantitative analyses of how the institutional design and purpose of the WTO (and its progenitor, the GATT) affect economic development. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established partly to support economic development in developing countries through international trade. This goal has been elusive, with some questioning the WTO's ability to achieve such a goal. In this volume, leading scholars in the economics of international trade offer rigorous quantitative analyses of how the institutional design and purpose of the WTO (and its progenitor, the GATT) affect economic development. The volume begins with analyses of market access concessions that have been or could be exchanged between developing and developed countries, from a formal framework for incorporating non-tariff measures into a model for analyzing a multilateral trade agreement to an examination of the MFN (most-favored nation) free rider problem. Contributors then develop new theoretical and econometric approaches for understanding key aspects of trade liberalization under the GATT/WTO that are of particular relevance to economic development, considering such topics as achieving cooperation in eliminating prohibitive trade barriers and the effect of China's export subsidies on its dramatic growth in exports. Finally, the book considers two significant new issues that arose from the Uruguay round, from which the WTO was formed: the TRIPS agreement, regulating intellectual property; and the resolution of trade disputes with and without litigation. Taken together, these analyses shed new light on the relationship between trade liberalization and economic development as well as the WTO's effectiveness.