Download or read book Reshaping Global Value Chains in Light of COVID 19 written by Paul Brenton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) have driven dramatic expansions in trade, productivity, and economic growth in developing countries. This book examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on GVCs and explores whether they can continue to be a driver of trade and development. The report reviews previous crises and what these tell us about the resilience of GVC firms to shocks. It examines the observed impact of COVID-19 on trade during the sharp global recession of 2020. It summarizes discussions with GVC firms on the impacts of, and their responses to, the COVID shock. GVCs showed surprising resilience, but the rapid recovery raised new issues with supply chains. The book then explores simulations from a global economic model of the potential longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on developing countries and other key factors shaping the global economy, including the evolving role of China, increasing trade restrictions and policy responses to global warming. The analysis shows that while there are risks associated with GVCs, especially those concentrated around key nodes and where opportunities to find alternative suppliers or buyers are limited, there are mechanisms by which GVCs maintain trade relationships during a crisis, paving the way for a strong trade-led recovery. Measures are identified that can enhance the resilience of GVCs in low-income countries. This report finds that policies that maintain and enhance trade can contribute toward crisis management and recovery. Attempts to reshore production would make all countries worse off, including those that implement them, and could drive 52 million people, mainly in Africa, into extreme poverty. Measures to meet climate change commitments will have more profound impacts, leading to a shift away from carbon-intensive GVCs, while new opportunities for trade will arise in GVCs that are less carbon intensive.
Download or read book Policy Challenges in International Trade Amidst COVID 19 Recovery written by Mmaobi Nwafor-Orizu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, there have been growing concerns about the policy measures that states have continued to adopt in pursuit of a resilient recovery and more importantly, the implications of such policies on the future of international trade. This paper explores some of the international trade policy challenges that have surfaced in states' COVID-19 strategies. In doing so, this paper will argue that in order to achieve a global economic recovery, there is need for international cooperation and the coordination of states' economic policies. This recommendation is based on a systematic analysis of the policy measures adopted by states during past economic crises and an evaluation of the applicability of those measures in combating the current COVID-19 pandemic. The WTO has a significant role in this, by ensuring that trade rules are not exploited for strictly protectionist agendas and by guaranteeing that trade restrictive barriers do not impinge on supply chains and production capacities of affordable and essential products.
Download or read book Terms of Trade Shocks and Economic Recovery written by Norbert Funke and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies factors that contribute to a fast recovery in growth after persistent negative terms of trade shocks, using a sample of 159 countries for 1970-2006. The results suggest that policies matter. Fast recoveries are fairly robustly related to real exchange rate depreciation and improvements in government stability and the institutional environment. A timely increase in aid may also support recovery.
Download or read book Globalization and Health written by Ronald Labonté and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary globalization has had tremendous impact on health equity across the globe. However, no volume has systematically analyzed the relationship between globalization and global trends in health outcomes. This book consolidates and updates the findings of a global research project undertaken by the Globalisation Knowledge Network (GKN) of the World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Chapters examine such questions as: How has trade liberalisation affected the social determinants of health? How has globalization affected food security, nutrition and equitable access to water and sanitation? How well do present global governance structures take account of the health equity effects associated with the social determinants of health? This landmark volume will be a necessary addition for researchers and scholars studying the field of globalization, health and social policy, and public health across the social sciences.
Download or read book Covid 19 Unequal Economic Recovery and Maritime Food Trade written by Maximilian Heigermoser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Covid-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to the global economy. While aggregated agricultural trade patterns remained largely unaffected by the pandemic, the World Bank still expects global poverty to rise for the first time in more than twenty years. Since late 2020, several developments have the potential to further jeopardize global food security. Precisely, sea freight rates for bulk carriers, which are primarily used in international agricultural trade, have surged to an eleven-year high. However, despite the significant role that transportation costs play in international food trade, current research tends to overlook the impact they have on trade flows and food price formation. Further, the Food Price Index provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has increased for eleven straight months, reaching a seven-year high. These developments constitute increased risk to food security, particularly in poorer regions. Only strengthened international cooperation and unrestricted trade can safeguard global food security in the coming phase of globally uneven economic recovery. Calls for domestic self-sufficiency, proposals to transition to an over-bureaucratized, command-and-control EU-food system, as well as tightening economic sanctions and countersanctions between leading economic powers endanger food security, especially in import-dependent regions.
Download or read book Exports Place on the Path of Economic Recovery written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Great Trade Collapse Causes Consequences and Prospects written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by CEPR. This book was released on 2009 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Preferences Economic Issues and Policy Options written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rethinking Capitalism written by Michael Jacobs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Thought provoking and fresh - this book challenges how we think about economics.” Gillian Tett, Financial Times For further information about recent publicity events and media coverage for Rethinking Capitalism please visit http://marianamazzucato.com/rethinking-capitalism/ Western capitalism is in crisis. For decades investment has been falling, living standards have stagnated or declined, and inequality has risen dramatically. Economic policy has neither reformed the financial system nor restored stable growth. Climate change meanwhile poses increasing risks to future prosperity. In this book some of the world’s leading economists propose new ways of thinking about capitalism. In clear and compelling prose, each chapter shows how today’s deep economic problems reflect the inadequacies of orthodox economic theory and the failure of policies informed by it. The chapters examine a range of contemporary economic issues, including fiscal and monetary policy, financial markets and business behaviour, inequality and privatisation, and innovation and environmental change. The authors set out alternative economic approaches which better explain how capitalism works, why it often doesn’t, and how it can be made more innovative, inclusive and sustainable. Outlining a series of far-reaching policy reforms, Rethinking Capitalism offers a powerful challenge to mainstream economic debate, and new ideas to transform it.
Download or read book World Trade Center Economic Recovery written by Beth Siegel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2018 written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication sets out and analyses the main foreign direct investment (FDI) trends in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2017, certain trends that had already emerged in the global economic landscape became more established. In particular, announcements of potential restrictions on trade and pressures to relocate production to developed countries were confirmed. At the same time, China has taken steps to restrict outflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to align these flows with its strategic plan. Adding to these factors is the expansion of digital technologies, whose international expansion requires smaller investments in tangible assets. Firms in these areas are heavily concentrated in the United States and China, which reduces the need for cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and Economic Recovery written by Brian Scott and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Economic Prospects June 2021 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world economy is experiencing a very strong but uneven recovery, with many emerging market and developing economies facing obstacles to vaccination. The global outlook remains uncertain, with major risks around the path of the pandemic and the possibility of financial stress amid large debt loads. Policy makers face a difficult balancing act as they seek to nurture the recovery while safeguarding price stability and fiscal sustainability. A comprehensive set of policies will be required to promote a strong recovery that mitigates inequality and enhances environmental sustainability, ultimately putting economies on a path of green, resilient, and inclusive development. Prominent among the necessary policies are efforts to lower trade costs so that trade can once again become a robust engine of growth. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Download or read book The Asia Recovery written by Van Hoa Tran and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores in-depth the major issues and important aspects of this economic recovery and its potential impact on growth, development, trade and investment. Expert contributors also discuss the global directions in international economic and financial relations, corporate and public governance and the challenges to be met and managed in the 21st century.
Download or read book Trade and the Crisis Protect or Recover written by Mika Saito and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of trade reforms waned from the mid-2000s as protectionist sentiment began to increase. With the onset of the global financial crisis, reform progress not only halted but began to reverse. As we show in this note, new trade restrictions have had—in the limited products they targeted—a strong negative impact on trade. The aggregate impact of new restrictions is modest, at about 0.25 percent of global trade, as most countries have resisted a widespread resort to protectionism. Looking ahead, however, in 2010 sustained high unemployment, uneven growth, and an unwinding of government stimulus measures suggest that protectionist pressures may rise. Gaps in World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments leave ample scope to further restrict trade, so unless all countries vigorously resist protectionism this could threaten the economic recovery and drag down future growth. Continuing and further enhancing the monitoring of all protectionist measures and maintaining the high-level political awareness of the associated macroeconomic risks will help. But the surest way to avoid such a downside scenario is to tighten multilateral trade commitments by completing the WTO Doha Round. This can be viewed as a key part of the exit strategy from the global economic crisis.
