Download or read book Trade Expansion and Economic Cooperation with Brazil written by Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and published by New Delhi : Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, [pref. 1976]. This book was released on 1976 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brazil s Trade Liberalization and Growth written by Maurício Mesquita Moreira and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2004 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unfulfilled expectations about economic growth in Brazil has led many observers to question the ability of the new, open trade regime to put the economy back on an path of sustainable growth. Whereas the country's growth record has been really poor, the evidence suggests that the underlying causes had nothing to do with trade. Quite the contrary. This paper shows that trade liberalization has given an important contribution to two of the main drivers of growth: productivity and investment in physical capital. It argues that these gains were not turned into growth due to an unfavorable macro and institutional environment. It also claims that Brazil could have enjoyed more gains from trade, had it pursued a more aggressive trade policy at home and abroad. The paper concludes by outlining the main issues of a pro-growth, trade policy agenda for the country.

Download or read book Global Brazil and U S Brazil Relations written by Samuel W. Bodman and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2011 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 12, 2011-Over the course of a generation, Brazil has emerged as both a driver of growth in South America and as an active force in world politics. A new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force report asserts "that it is in the interest of the United States to understand Brazil as a complex international actor whose influence on the defining global issues of the day is only likely to increase."Brazil currently ranks as the world's fifth-largest landmass, fifth-largest population, and expects to soon be ranked the fifth largest economy. The report, Global Brazil and U.S.-Brazil Relations, recommends that "U.S. policymakers recognize Brazil's standing as a global actor, treat its emergence as an opportunity for the United States, and work with Brazil to develop complementary policies."The Task Force is chaired by former secretary of energy Samuel W. Bodman and former president of the World Bank James D. Wolfensohn, and directed by CFR Senior Fellow and Director for Latin America Studies, and Director of the Global Brazil Initiative Julia E. Sweig.Recognizing Brazil's global role, the report recommends that the Obama administration now fully endorse the country's bid for a seat as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). It argues that "a formal endorsement from the United States for Brazil would go far to overcome lingering suspicion within the Brazilian government that the U.S. commitment to a mature relationship between equals is largely rhetorical."Domestically, Brazil's "inclusive growth has translated into a significant reduction of inequality, an expansion of the middle class, and a vibrant economy, all framed within a democratic context." Consequently, Brazil has been able to use its economic bona fides to leverage a stronger position in the international, commercial, and diplomatic arena.The report stresses the importance of regular communication between the presidents of both countries. "Cooperation between the United States and Brazil holds too much promise for miscommunication or inevitable disagreements to stand in the way of potential gains." A mature, working relationship means that "the United States and Brazil can help each other advance mutual interests even without wholesale policy agreements between the two," notes the report.The Task Force further recommends that- the U.S. Congress "include an elimination of the ethanol tariff in any bill regarding reform to the ethanol and biofuel tax credit regime."- the United States "take the first step to waive visa requirements for Brazilians by immediately reviewing Brazil's criteria for participation in the Visa Waiver Program."- the U.S. State Department create an Office for Brazilian Affairs and the National Security Council (NSC) centralize its efforts under a NSC director for Brazil in order to better coordinate the current decentralized U.S. policy.The bipartisan Task Force includes thirty distinguished experts on Brazil who represent a range of perspectives and backgrounds. The report includes a number of additional views by Task Force members, including one that notes, "We believe that a more gradual approach [regarding Brazil's inclusion as a full UNSC member] would likely have more success in navigating the diplomatic complexities presented by U.S. support for Brazil." Another view asserts, "If the United States supports, as the Obama administration has said it does, leadership structures in international institutions that are more reflective of international realities, it must support without qualifications Brazil's candidacy [for the UNSC]."

Download or read book Brazil in Africa written by Paul D. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy written by Edmund Amann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a globally vital but troubled economy. This volume offers comprehensive insight into Brazil's economic development, focusing on its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. This innovative Oxford Handbook provides an understanding of the economy's evolution over time and highlights the implications of the past trajectory and decisions for current challenges and opportunities. The opening section covers the country's economic history, beginning with the colonial economy, through import-substitution, to the era of neoliberalism. Second, it analyses Brazil's broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Particular attention is given to the productive sectors of Brazil's economy, for example manufacturing, agriculture, services, energy, and infrastructure. In addition to discussions of regional differences within Brazil, socio-economic dimensions are examined. These include income distribution, human capital, environmental issues, and health. Also included is a discussion of Brazil in the world economy, such as the increase in "South-South" cooperation and trade as well as foreign direct investment. Last but not least is a discussion of the role of the Brazilian state in the economy, whether through state enterprises, competition policy, or corruption.

Download or read book Trade Relations Between Brazil and the United States written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations ; Nueva York, NY : Can be ordered through United Nations Publications, Sales Section. This book was released on 1985 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade Elasticities and Market Expectations in Brazil written by Mr.Claudio Paiva and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides econometric estimates of trade elasticities for Brazil obtained through cointegration and vector auto regression models and controlling for the effects of exchange rate volatility, capacity utilization, and changes in import tariffs. The results suggest that (i) recent market expectations may have been unduly pessimistic regarding the responsiveness of Brazil's trade flows to the real exchange rate, but (ii) the GDP growth rates targeted by the new government may put downward pressure on the exchange rate and thus render the achievement of official inflation targets considerably more difficult if structural reforms are not implemented.

Download or read book New Trade and Economic Relations Between Brazil and the European Community written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economic Growth of Brazil written by Celso Furtado and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1971 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brazil an Expanding Economy written by George Wythe and published by New York : Greenwood Press, 1968 [c1949]. This book was released on 1968 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Food Exports from Brazil to China written by Dan Wei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an essential overview of trade between Brazil and China, analyzes the regulatory framework for Brazil’s foodstuff exportation and China’s foodstuff importation, and identifies the main products, market shares, barriers to market access, and e-commerce strategies. The book also addresses the importance of consumer health and the latest developments regarding the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. Lastly, based on the statistics for Brazil’s food exports to Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau as separate customs areas, the book explores the role of Macau and calls for intensifying its links with Portuguese-speaking countries, including Brazil.

Download or read book Regional integration and productivity the experiences of Brazil and Mexico Working Paper ITD Documento de Trabajo ITD n 14 written by Mauricio Mesquita Moreira and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2015 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the impact of integration on productivity? What are the main channels? Is there anything specific about productivity effects in regional agreements? This paper tries to answer these questions by looking at the experience of Brazil and Mexico. We estimate firm-level productivity and test its causal links with trade and FDI variables. The results suggest strong trade related gains, with import discipline emerging as the dominant effect. The results on learning-by-exporting were mixed, with gains restricted to Brazil's regional and worldwide exports. On FDI, foreign firms appear to have had a positive impact on their buyers and suppliers in Mexico, but in Brazil, the overall impact was statistically insignificant on productivity levels and negative on productivity growth.

Download or read book Brazilian Trade Policy and the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the largest and one of the most influential countries in Latin America, Brazil has emerged as a leading voice for developing countries in setting regional and multilateral trade agendas. The United States and Brazil have cultivated a constructive relationship in pursuit of their respective efforts to promote trade liberalization, including attempting to broker a compromise with the European Union in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Round and forming bilateral working groups on trade (and other) issues. Still, they approach trade policy quite differently, are at odds over how to proceed regionally with the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), and share concerns over specific trade policies and practices. Brazil's trade strategy can be explained only in part by economic incentives. Its "trade preferences" also reflect deeply embedded macroeconomic, industrial, and foreign policies. Whereas U.S. trade strategy emphasizes the negotiation of comprehensive trade agreements on multiple fronts, Brazil is focused primarily on market access issues as they pertain to its economic dominance in South America. Brazil exercises this priority in all trade arenas, such as pursuing changes to agricultural policies in the WTO, expanding the Southern Common Market (Mercosul) in South America, and resisting the FTAA for lack of a balance conducive to Brazilian interests. Brazil has a modern, diversified economy in which services account for 53% of GDP, followed by industry and manufacturing at 37%, and agriculture at 9%. Agribusiness (commodity and processed goods) account for some 30% of GDP, explaining Brazil's emphasis on agricultural policies in trade negotiations. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane, oranges, and coffee, and the second largest of soybean, beef, poultry, and corn. It is also a major producer of steel, aircraft, automobiles, and auto parts, yet surprisingly, a relatively small trader by world standards. The United States is Brazil's largest single-country trading partner. Brazil is critical of U.S. trade policies such as the Byrd Amendment (repealed, but program in effect until October 1, 2007), which directs duties from trade remedy cases to affected industries, the administration of trade remedy rules, and what it considers to be discriminatory treatment in the U.S. expansion of free trade agreements in Latin America. It also objects to product-specific barriers such as tariff rate quotas on sugar, orange juice, ethanol, and tobacco; subsidies for cotton, ethanol, and soybeans; and prolonged anti-dumping orders on steel and orange juice. U.S. concerns focus on Brazil's comparatively high tariff structure, especially on industrial goods, Mercosul's common external tariff program, and Brazil's refusal to address issues of critical importance to the United States such as services trade, intellectual property rights, government procurement, and investment. Despite these differences, both countries recognize the potential for important gains to be had from mutually acceptable trade liberalization at all levels. As a developing country with an opportunity for considerable growth in both exports and imports, however, Brazil may have the most to gain from addressing both foreign barriers to its trade, and unilaterally opening its economy further.

Download or read book Brazil written by Mr.Antonio Spilimbergo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is at crossroads, emerging slowly from a historic recession that was preceded by a huge economic boom. Reasons for the historic bust following a boom are manifold. Policy mistakes were an important contributory factor, and included the pursuit of countercyclical policies, introduced to deal with the effects of the global financial crisis, beyond the point where they were helpful. More fundamentally, it reflects longstanding structural weaknesses plaguing the economy, that also help explain Brazil’s uninspiring growth performance over the past four decades.

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Brazil 2018 written by Oecd and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strong growth and remarkable social progress over the past two decades have made Brazil one of the world's leading economies, despite the deep recession that the economy is now emerging from. However, inequality remains high and fiscal accounts have deteriorated substantially, calling for wide-ranging reforms to sustain progress on inclusive growth. A better focus of social expenditures towards the poor would reduce inequality and ensure sustainability of public debt at the same time. This will require difficult political choices, particularly in pensions and social transfers. Reducing economic transfers to the corporate sector, in conjunction with more systematic evaluations of public expenditure programmes, will strengthen growth, improve economic governance and limit the future scope for rent seeking and political kick-backs. Maintaining the growth potential of the economy requires stronger investment, which could also raise productivity and concomitantly, the scope for future wage increases. Simplifying taxes, reducing administrative burdens and streamlining licensing would raise investment returns, while stronger competition could generate new investment opportunities in thriving, high-performing enterprises. At the same time, trade barriers shield enterprises from global opportunities and foreign competition. Fostering a stronger integration into global trade would allow firms to become more competitive and generate new export opportunities. SPECIAL FEATURES: STRENGTHENING INVESTMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE; FOSTERING INTEGRATION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY

Download or read book Brazil U S Relations written by Clare R. Seelke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background; (2) Political Situation: First Lula Admin.; Oct. 2006 Elections; Second Lula Admin.; (3) Econ. and Social Conditions: Econ. Challenges and Efforts to Boost Growth; Social Indicators; (4) Foreign and Trade Policy; (5) Relations with the U.S.; (6) Issues in U.S.-Brazil Relations: Counternarcotics; Counterterrorism and the Tri-Border Area; Energy Security; Oil; Ethanol and Other Biofuels; Nuclear Energy; Trade Issues; Doha Round of the WTO Talks; WTO Disputes; Generalized System of Preferences; Intellectual Property Rights; Human Rights; Race and Discrimination; Trafficking in Persons for Forced Labor; Goldman Custody Case; HIV/AIDS; Amazon Conservation; Domestic Efforts; Carbon Offsets and Other Internat. Initiatives.

Download or read book US Brazil Trade and FDI written by Ken Hyatt and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: