Download or read book Tracking Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics written by Eva-Marie Nosal and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook written by Victoria Todd and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook is the ultimate instruction manual for mitigation measures to minimise man-made acoustical and physical disturbances to marine mammals from industrial and defence activities.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Methods for Tracking Marine Mammals Using Widely Spaced Bottom Mounted Hydrophones written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this project is to improve passive acoustic methods for tracking marine mammals, with the primary effort dedicated to methods that use bottom-mounted hydrophones. When possible, tracking results are used to study marine mammal behavior and bioacoustics. The specific objective of the project is to develop and implement methods to deal with two specific challenges associated with tracking marine mammals using widely-spaced bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays: (1) multiple animals whose calls cannot be easily separated or associated, and (2) insufficient receiver coverage, in which case standard time-of-arrival (TOA) tracking methods fail. The project uses existing datasets to develop and apply the tracking methods. The main effort is directed toward data collected at Navy Ranges. The main species of interest are sperm whales, beaked whales, minke whales, and humpback whales. Most methods will be generalizable to other species. Although the two main tracking challenges addressed by this project (insufficient receiver coverage and multiple animals) are not exclusive of one another, initial efforts focus on isolating the problems and solving them separately. As the separate challenges are met, efforts will progress to the joint problem. Model-based tracking methods are used since they can account for depth-dependent sound speed profiles (particularly important as refraction becomes significant at long distances, such as on Navy ranges) and since they can accurately model and make use of multi-path arrivals. Methods are implemented using a Bayesian framework to incorporate available a priori information, get error estimates on position, and improve performance in uncertain and fluctuating environments. In this framework, a three-dimensional grid is created and the likelihood of an animal present is calculated for each grid point and time.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Download or read book Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook written by Victoria L. G. Todd and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook is the ultimate instruction manual for mitigation measures to minimise man-made acoustical and physical disturbances to marine mammals from industrial and defence activities. Based on more than two decades of offshore experience, and a decade of supplying MMO and PAM services (commercial and scientific), the Handbook is a long-overdue reference guide that seeks to improve standards worldwide for marine operations such as seismic and drilling exploration, wind farm and civil engineering piling, dredging, trenching, rock-dumping, hydrographical surveys, and military/defence exercises. By popular request, this manual will also form an accompaniment to MMO and PAM courses. The Handbook consolidates all aspects of this discipline into one easily accessible resource, to educate all stakeholders (e.g. MMOs, PAM operators, suppliers, recruitment agencies, clients, contractors, regulators, NGOs, consultants, scientists, academia and media), regardless of experience. Topics include worldwide legislation, compliance, anthropogenic noise sources and potential effects, training, offshore life, visual and acoustic monitoring (theory and practice), marine mammal distribution, hearing and vocalisations, and report writing. Advice is provided on implementing sensible and practical mitigation techniques, appropriate technologies, data collection, client and regulator liaison, and project kick-off meetings. "The Handbook is an indispensable How To guide to the growing and increasingly important occupation of marine mammal monitoring, written with clarity and humor by scientists who have extensive experience in this field." --Dr Phillip J. Clapham, world-renowned cetologist and Director of the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle.
Download or read book Technical and Scientific Support for Passive Acoustic Monitoring in the Research Cruise MED09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Main goal in our R & D program is the development of efficient and reliable tools for marine mammals' acoustic detection, classification, localization and tracking to support research, conservation and mitigation needs. The R & D program on marine mammals began in 1991 based on previous 10 years development of software and hardware for digital sound analysis and was then boosted by joining NURC (1998) in the development of the MMRMP program (formerly SOLMAR). The plan is to continue the improvement of available technologies (towed arrays, autonomous recorders) and to progressively develop semi-automatic tools to assist operators in the classification and tracking of received sources. The ultimate goal is to develop passive acoustics tools for evaluating the presence, distribution and density of marine mammals to support conservation strategies.
Download or read book Detection Classification Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics written by Olivier Adam and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Validation of a Mobile Autonomous Broadband Passive Acoustic Monitoring System for Marine Mammals written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our long-range objective is to understand the oceanographic processes that influence the distribution of whales in the ocean. In support of this objective we seek to develop a fully-integrated autonomous acoustic observing system capable of detecting and classifying a wide range of marine mammal vocalizations (from blue whales to beaked whales; 10 Hz - 100 kHz) with proven performance. This work will ultimately improve our ability to predict whale distribution and bolster efforts to mitigate human impacts on marine mammals. Long-endurance oceanographic sampling platforms such as gliders and profiling floats provide a new opportunity for acquiring acoustic signals from marine animals with immediate applications in conservation and mitigation.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring for the Detection and Identification of Marine Mammals written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is intended to advance the state of passive acoustic monitoring. Improved methods of identifying cetaceans are developed in order to contribute to the Navy's mitigation efforts.
Download or read book Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics written by Olivier Adam and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Mammals and Low Frequency Sound written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-06-11 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound has become a major tool for studying the ocean. Although the ocean is relatively opaque to light, it is relatively transparent to sound. Sound having frequencies below 1,000 Hertz (Hz) is often defined as low-frequency sound. The speed of sound is proportional to the temperature of the water through which it passes. Therefore, sound speed can be used to infer the average temperature of the water volume through which sound waves have passed. The relationship between water temperature and the speed of sound is the basis for the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) experiment. The ATOC experiment is designed to monitor the travel time of sound between sources off the coasts of Hawaii and California and several receivers around the Pacific Ocean in order to detect trends in ocean temperature and for other research and monitoring purposes. Some whales, seals, and fish use low-frequency sound to communicate and to sense their environments. For example, baleen whales and some toothed whales are known to use and respond to low-frequency sound emitted by other individuals of their species. Sharks are not known to produce low-frequency sound but are attracted to pulsed low-frequency sounds. Therefore, it is possible that human-generated low-frequency sound could interfere with the natural behavior of whales, sharks, and some other marine animals. Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound is an updated review of the National Research Council 1994 report Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals: Current Knowledge and Research Needs, based on data obtained from the MMRP and results of any other relevant research, including ONR's research program in low-frequency sound and marine mammals. This report compares new data with the research needs specified in the 1994 NRC report, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the data for answering important outstanding questions about marine mammal responses to low-frequency sound and identifies areas where gaps in our knowledge continue to exist.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Chukchi Sea 9 September 14 October 2008 written by ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Localization and Tracking Using Arrays and Directional Sensors written by Ludovic Tenorio-Hallé and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In bioacoustics, passive acoustic localization and tracking plays an important role in studying marine mammals and other organisms that produce underwater sounds. However, the implementation of such techniques faces many practical challenges, such as lack of environmental data for accurately modeling acoustic propagation, uncertainties in sensor position, time-synchronization of autonomous instruments, and logistical constraints due to large arrays. The three research chapters of this dissertation cumulatively address these hurdles. Chapter 2 develops a reformulation of the "double-difference" method for long-range tracking of acoustic sources. Originally developed for high-resolution localization of earthquakes across a network of widely distributed sensor, the double-difference approach is here adapted to exploit acoustic multipath on a vertical array, deployed in a deep-water waveguide. Results are shown to provide high-precision relative depth and range tracks of sources on the order of 50 km away, by compensating for biases caused by underdetermined array tilt and sound speed model. The method is demonstrated on both a towed acoustic source and a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Chapter 3 presents a passive time-synchronization technique for independent autonomous acoustic recorders. This approach relies on the coherent ambient noise sources maintaining the same statistical angular distribution around the instruments. Under this assumption, the temporal evolution of the cross-correlation function between sensor pairs reveals their relative time drift. This method enables continuous measurements of clock offset, including small-scale non-linear fluctuations of the drift, otherwise unobservable with standard time-synchronization techniques. Data from a field study in San Ignacio Lagoon, Mexico, is used to demonstrate this technique which is here applied to low frequency pulses, most likely originating from croaker fish (Sciaenidae family). Chapter 4 uses acoustic vector sensor data to track multiple sources simultaneously. The method is demonstrated on singing humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off western Maui. Here, the directional capabilities of vector sensors are exploited to identify and match azimuthal tracks from multiple sources between sensors, yielding localized whale tracks in terms of latitude and longitude over time. This approach shows potential for further applications such as tracking boats and analyzing the directional properties of ambient noise field.
Download or read book Marine Mammals and Noise written by W. John Richardson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
Download or read book Listening in the Ocean written by Whitlow W. L. Au and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title brings to light the discoveries and insights into the lives of many marine species made possible over the last decade by passive acoustic recorders (PAR). Pop-ups, ARF, HARP, EAR, Bprobe, C-POD Atag, and Dtag are the acronyms of some of the many PARs that have changed our understanding of how marine animals live and strive in the ocean. Various types of PARs are used by different investigators in different areas of the world. These recorders have accumulated copious amounts of very important data, unveiling previously unknown information about large marine animals. Temporal, seasonal and spatial distribution patterns have been uncovered for many marine species. There have been many discoveries, new understandings and insights into how these animals live in and utilize the ocean and the importance of acoustics in their lives. Listening Within the Ocean summarizes these important discoveries, providing both a valuable resource for researchers and enjoyable reading for non-professionals interested in marine life.
Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-22 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
