Download or read book Tracing Redox Cycles During Microbe clay Interactions Using Stable Iron Isotopes written by Bingjie Shi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron redox cycling, especially Fe(III) reduction, is mostly driven by microbial activity in the shallow subsurface. A wide range of bacteria, archaea, and fungi reduce Fe(III) to acquire energy with soil organic compounds as the electron donors. Iron isotope signatures in ancient rocks (3.1-2.4 Ga) associated with dissimilatory Fe reduction (DIR) have been interpreted in terms of global changes in oceanic redox condition. Iron isotopes have also been used as indicators of redox processes involving Fe minerals such as Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and pyrite. Clay minerals, however, contain approximately the same amount of Fe as all other Fe minerals combined, thereby playing a key role in Fe redox cycling. There have been numerous studies focusing on the mineralogical changes of clays during microbially, chemically, and electrochemically mediated redox cycles, and linking these changes to the bioavailability and reversibility of clay, including processes such as layer collapse, structural Fe migration, and dehydroxylation and water fixation. I used Fe isotopes, for the first time, to trace the redox cycling of clay minerals.
Download or read book Microbial Iron Redox Cycling in Terrestrial Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial redox cycling of iron (Fe) plays a central role in controlling terrestrial element partitioning, with broader impacts on subsurface contaminant mobility and the development of geochemical cycles on Earth. This dissertation explores the capacity of native microbial communities to oxidize and reduce Fe in terrestrial circumneutral-pH environments by coupling environmental sampling campaigns to bench-top experiments. Microbial Fe-oxide reduction can result in magnetite production, potentially explaining magnetite in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. The only modern analog occurs in sediments at the Bay of Vidy (Lake Geneva, Switzerland), where in situ magnetite formation is directly associated with microbial reduction. Geochemistry and isotope composition of Fe in these sediments was investigated. Despite extensive microbial reduction, very little Fe isotope variation was observed, indicating Fe isotope homogeneity is not sufficient to rule out a biological mechanism for magnetite formation. Microbial oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II) at circumneutral pH is a key pathway in controlling element partitioning and contaminant stability in modern terrestrial environments. Experimental reactors were constructed with sediment from a contaminated subsurface environment (Hanford 300 Area, Richland, WA) to determine how native microbes responded to oxidant flux. Endogenous microbial communities rapidly responded to chemical oxidant input (O2 or NO3) concurrently stabilizing. Uninoculated oxic reactors showed significant Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing our understanding of the capacity for native microbes in subsurface sediment to maintain redox state. A second series of reactors explored the capacity of native microbes to oxidize solid-phase Fe minerals. The first microbial cultures capable of aerobic pyrite (FeS2) oxidation at circumneutral pH were recovered. These enrichment cultures demonstrated growth tied to pyrite oxidation and sulfate generation for over one year of repeated transfers. Aerobic pyrite oxidation has been proposed to be a dominant pathway in Precambrian sulfur cycling. The mineralogical, microbiological, and geochemical changes observed in these experiments shed light on the role of microbes in sulfur cycling in ancient and modern subsurface environments. Finally, my Teaching and Learning Portfolio, the capstone requirement for the Delta Program's Certificate in Research, Teaching, and Learning, is included to highlight some of the broader impacts of my graduate career.
Download or read book Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology written by C. Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book Clays in Crustal Environments written by Norbert Clauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay minerals form in a wide variety of crustal environments, e.g. in soil profiles, in sediments at the surface and in deeply buried sedimentary deposits, and under regional, contact and hydrothermal metamorphism conditions. The book provides information about the dynamics of isotope systems in clays and helps us to understand the physical and chemical parameters in the transfer of masses within the crustal domain. Written for graduate students taking courses in sedimentary geochemistry, clay mineralogy, and soil mineralogy, the book will also appeal to scientists carrying out research on clay genesis and mass transfer in crustal environments.
Download or read book Using Geochemical Data written by Hugh Rollinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a complete rewrite, and expansion of Hugh Rollinson's highly successful 1993 book Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Rollinson and Pease's new book covers the explosion in geochemical thinking over the past three decades, as new instruments and techniques have come online. It provides a comprehensive overview of how modern geochemical data are used in the understanding of geological and petrological processes. It covers major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. It explains the potential of many geochemical techniques, provides examples of their application, and emphasizes how to interpret the resulting data. Additional topics covered include the critical statistical analysis of geochemical data, current geochemical techniques, effective display of geochemical data, and the application of data in problem solving and identifying petrogenetic processes within a geological context. It will be invaluable for all graduate students, researchers, and professionals using geochemical techniques.
Download or read book Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals written by J.W. Stucki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probably more than any other element, iron markedly influences the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments in the earth. Considering its transition metal status, with potential variation in electronic configuration, ionic radius, and magnetic moment, combined with its abundance and relatively large mass, little wonder that one sees its unique influence on every hand. Pre sentations at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO AS!) on Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals reviewed and discussed the occurrence, behavior, and properties of Fe-bearing minerals found in soils and in the clay mineral groups kaolinite, smectite, and mica. Also discussed at the NATO AS! were the basic chemical properties of Fe, methods for separating and identifying Fe in minerals, and the role of Fe minerals in weathering and other soil-forming processes. The present publication is the reviewed and edited proceedings of that Advanced Study Institute. The sequence of chapters follows the general pattern beginning with introductory chapters which overview the general occurrence of Fe in the earth and its chemistry, both generally and in mineral environments, followed by identification and characterization methods for Fe and Fe phases in minerals. The properties and behavior of Fe oxides, Fe-bearing clay minerals, and other Fe minerals in soils are then described, and the text ends with a summary of the role of Fe in soil-forming processes. A Table of Contents and subject index are provided to assist the reader in finding specific topics within the text.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scheffer Schachtschabel Soil Science written by Hans-Peter Blume and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soils are fundamental to our existence, delivering water and nutrients to plants, that feed us. But they are in many ways in danger and their conservation is therefore a most important focus for science, governments and society as a whole. A team of world recognised researchers have prepared this first English edition based on the 16th European edition. • The precursors and the processes of soil development • The physical, biological and chemical properties of soils • Nutrients and Pollutants • The various soil classifications with the main focus on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) • The most important soils and soil landscapes of the world • Soil Evaluation Techniques • Basic Principles of Soil Conservation Whoever works with soils needs this book.
Download or read book Arsenic Pollution written by Peter Ravenscroft and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-09 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic Pollution summarizes the most current research on the distribution and causes of arsenic pollution, its impact on health and agriculture, and solutions by way of water supply, treatment, and water resource management. Provides the first global and interdisciplinary account of arsenic pollution occurrences Integrates geochemistry, hydrology, agriculture, and water supply and treatment for the first time Options are highlighted for developing alternative water sources and methods for arsenic testing and removal Appeals to specialists in one discipline seeking an overview of the work being done in other disciplines
Download or read book Isotopic Analysis written by Frank Vanhaecke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-10 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iron Geochemistry An Isotopic Perspective written by Clark Johnson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive summary of research to date in the field of stable iron isotope geochemistry. Since research began in this field 20 years ago, the field has grown to become one of the major research fields in "non-traditional" stable isotope geochemistry. This book reviews all aspects of the field, from low-temperature to high-temperature processes, biological processes, and cosmochemical processes. It provides a detailed history and state-of-the art summary about analytical methods to determine Fe-isotope ratios and discusses analytical and sample prospects.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geochemistry Groundwater and Pollution written by C.A.J. Appelo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of its 1993 predecessor, this second edition of Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution has been thoroughly re-written, updated and extended to provide a complete and authoritative account of modern hydrogeochemistry.Offering a quantitative approach to the study of groundwater quality and the interaction of water, minerals,
