Download or read book Trace Organic Removal by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Processes written by Long Nghiem and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph delineates the retention mechanisms of emerging trace organic contaminants by several nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis membranes. Retention of neutral trace organics by a tight NF or RO membrane is dominated by steric (size) exclusion, whereas both electrostatic repulsion and steric exclusion govern the retention of negatively charged trace organics by a loose NF membrane. Speciation of trace organics may lead to a dramatic change in retention as a function of pH, with much greater retention observed for ionized, negatively charged trace organics. Retention of the negatively charged trace organics decreases as the solution's ionic strength increases due to charge shielding and double layer compression. For uncharged trace organic species, intrinsic physicochemical properties of the trace organic molecules can substantially affect their retention. This monograph also critically demonstrates the possible complexity of a real membrane filtration system where trace organic contaminants are of concern. Factors such as operating conditions and feed solution composition can influence the filtration of trace organics.
Download or read book Transport and Removal Mechanisms of Trace Organic Pollutants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Jinwen Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective and focus of this study is to fully understand trace organic pollutant transport through NF/RO membranes. An extension of the classical solution-diffusion model had been developed that relates transport through NF/RO membranes directly to membrane structure descriptors (i.e., effective barrier layer pore size, porosity and thickness, etc.). In general, model predictions agreed well with experimental data suggesting the model captures the phenomenological behavior of commercial NF/RO membranes for separations relevant to modern water treatment objectives. The model also provides new mechanistic insights about the "effective structure" of NF/RO composite membranes and how trace organic solutes are rejected. These results suggest it is possible and important to fine-tune the surface energy of membrane and membrane structure (pore size, porosity, thickness) to achieve high membrane selectivity for certain solute. The effects of feed solution ionic strength, pH and divalent cation content on NF/RO membrane structure and performance were elucidated experimentally and fitted with the newly developed model. Generally, water permeabilities of all three membranes decreased with ionic strength and divalent cation content, but increased with pH. For RO membranes, neutral solute rejection decreased with pH and divalent cation content, but increased with ionic strength and the salt rejection remained independent with water chemistry except for very low pH of 3; for a NF membrane, solute rejection was more sensitive to water chemistry and neutral solute rejection decreased with ionic strength, pH, but increased with divalent cation content. Ultimately, these new insights may be useful in selection of already commercial or design of new NF/RO membranes for removal of chemicals of emerging concern in water treatment. Four different organic solute removals by six different commercial NF/RO membranes in laboratory re-created groundwater matrix were experimentally determined. SWRO membranes exhibited excellent removal efficiency (> 90%) for both NDMA and 1,4-dioxane in groundwater, while NF membranes showed inefficient separation. Correlation studies suggested that both size exclusion and thermodynamic partitioning play important roles in trace organics removal and a partition coefficient, which combines both steric effects and solute-membrane interactions, can be employed to predict organic solute rejection by NF/RO membranes.
Download or read book Removal of Emerging Trace Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis written by Long Duc Nghiem and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Nanofiltration 2 Volume Set written by Andrea Iris Schäfer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.
Download or read book Biodegradation and Detoxification of Micropollutants in Industrial Wastewater written by Izharul Haq and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradation and Detoxification of Micropollutants in Industrial Wastewater summarizes the occurrence and source of micropollutants through various industrial wastewaters. It covers the type of micropollutants, their effects, and emerging detection and treatment methods. The book has 11 chapters, and throughout each chapter, it presents the fate and effects of micropollutants, quantitative and qualitative analysis of micropollutants in industrial wastewaters, and treatment of micropollutants through conventional and advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Presents detailed information on the micropollutants of industrial wastewaters and their origins Assesses the toxic effect these micropollutants have on living organisms Evaluates emerging treatment technologies for the removal of micropollutants Includes molecular biology, nanotechnology and microbiology approaches for the management of micropollutants in industrial wastewaters
Download or read book Nanofiltration written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nanofiltration technique lies between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis techniques, and it is considered a low-cost process and is capable of removing pesticides, organic matter, desalination of sea water, oil process and pollutants from industrial wastewater. However, the main challenge in implementation of nanofiltration membrane is its ability towards fouling and low performance at high temperature. The use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of membranes allows for a high degree of control over membrane fouling. Nanoparticle-based membranes can be developed by assembling engineered nanoparticles into porous membranes or blending them with polymeric or inorganic membranes. This book covers topics from multiple ranges from manufacturing of nanofiltration membranes and their applications in wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and removal of pollutants, to addressing the fouling issues.
Download or read book Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Victor Augusto Yangali Quintanilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. Although the risks of micropollutants in sources of water are partly recognized, interpretation of consequences are controversial; thus, the future effects of altered water with micropollutants remains uncertain and may constitute a point of conc
Download or read book Inorganic Pollutants in Wastewater written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, 'Inorganic Pollutants in Wastewater: Methods of Analysis, Removal and Treatment' extensively investigates the most recent improvements in the area of inorganic pollutants analysis, removal and treatment of wastewater by utilizing different materials such as natural polymers, husks, graphene and carbon nanotube composites, fruit cortex etc. It covers photocatalysis, adsorption, desalination and electrochemical technologies used for the analysis and treatment of inorganic pollutants. Waste Water Treatment, Inorganic Pollutants, Natural Polymers, Husks, Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Composites, Fruit Cortex, Photocatalysis, Adsorption, Desalination, Electrochemical Technologies
Download or read book Comparing Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Treating Recycled Water written by Jorg E. Drewes and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2008 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to explore whether n
Download or read book Trace organic removal using photochemical oxidation and reverse osmosis technologies written by S. K. Sengupta and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Factory 21 written by United States. Office of Water Research and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanofiltration written by Andrea Iris Schäfer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.
Download or read book Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification written by J.G. Crespo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters of this book are based upon lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (March 21 - April 2, 1993, Curia, Portugal), organized as a successor and update to a similar Institute that took place 10 years ago (p.M.Bungay, H.K. Lonsdale, M.N. de Pinho (Eds.): Synthetic Membranes: Science, Engineering and Applications, NATO ASI Series, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). The decade between the two NATO Institutes witnesses the transition from individually researched membrane processes to an applied and established membrane separation technology, as is reflected by the contents of the corresponding proceeding volumes. By and large, the first volume presents itself as a textbook on membrane processes, still valid, while the present volume focuses on areas of separation need as amenable to membrane processing: Biotechnology and Environmental Technology. Accordingly, the contributions to this volume are grouped into "Membranes in Biotechnology" (11 papers), "Membranes in Environmental Technology" (6 papers), and "New Concepts" (4 papers). This is followed by one contribution each on "Energy Requirements" and "Education", i.e., membrane processes within an academic curriculum. The book thus amounts to a state of the art of applied membrane processing and may well augment the more fundamental approach of its predecessor.
Download or read book Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle written by Despo Fatta-Kassinos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-06 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences is an impressive success story. The products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries are present eve- where in our everyday life. They help to pursue the modern way of living and they contribute to our high standard of living and safety, mobility, communication te- nologies, food, health, textiles and drinking water treatment, among many others. These products are labeled under the categories: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, det- gents, fertilizers, dyes, paints, preservatives, food additives and personal care pr- ucts, to name a few. Within these categories, groups of chemicals with similar structures can be found. However, often groups of chemicals with very different structures belong to the same category. For a long time the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, their usage and application was connected with the heavy pollution of the environment and serious health effects. At the end of the last century, it was realised that the products of che- cal and pharmaceutical industries are presenting a new type of environmental pol- tion that may also pose a health risk to the consumer. Most chemicals are used in so-called open applications in excessive amounts e. g. for personal care, hygiene, plant protection, health and in textiles. In many cases such as scents, detergents, textile chemicals, surface disinfectants, pesticides and others it is unavoidable that these chemicals are released into the environment according to their intended use.
Download or read book Pharmaceuticals in the Environment written by Klaus Kümmerer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-10 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the success of the first edition, this pioneering study of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been updated and greatly extended. It includes the status of research on pharmaceuticals in soil, with attention to terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as new substance categories such as tetracylines and chinolones and the latest results concerning contamination of the environment and risk reduction.
Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Sunita Varjani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Emerging Organic Micropollutants summarizes the current knowledge of emerging organic micropollutants in wastewater and the possibilities of their removal/elimination. This book attempts a thorough and exhaustive discussion on ongoing research and future perspectives on advanced treatment methods and future directions to maintain and protect the environment through microbiological, nanotechnological, application of membrane technology, molecular biological and by policymaking means. In addition, the book includes the latest developments in biotechnology and bioengineering pertaining to various aspects in the field of emerging organic micropollutants, including their sources, health effects and environmental impacts. Includes testing methods for the analysis and characterization of emerging organic micropollutants in wastewater Discusses the environmental impact and health hazards of emerging organic micropollutants in wastewater Provides a useful guide to identify priority areas of research demand in the remediation/removal of emerging organic micropollutants
