Download or read book Trace Elemental Speciation Using Chromatography capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectometry for Food Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace element speciation has become an important issue in different fields of science. Research interests have moved from total element composition of the sample toward characterization of species that are responsible for biochemical and geochemical behavior of the elements. Information on elemental speciation in environmental and clinical material is vital in studies on possible mechanisms of element transport and/or degradation in the environment, element bioavailability and on possible metabolic pathways within living organisms. The current analytical approach for speciation analysis involves using hyphenation techniques, based on the combination of separation and detection steps into one while operating an on-line system. Both high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis were the primary separation techniques utilized in this work. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was the technique of choice for element specific detection and as part of hyphenated systems for speciation analysis. The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows extremely low detection limits for the majority of the elements, has the advantage of linearity over a wide dynamic range, multi-elemental detection capability and the ability to perform isotopic analysis. The two most important features of an analytical tool suitable for speciation analysis are good selectivity and high sensitivity. However, the design of the analytical procedure is difficult, owing to the complex composition of the real-world sample, the diversity of physicochemical forms of the element, their lability and low concentrations. Sample preparation methods such as solid phase microextraction (SPME), solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction have been commonly used to overcome some of these difficulties. Thus improved sample collection, extraction, and purification techniques can help to overcome the problems associated with complex sample matrices. The above techniques were used separately or in combination for elemental speciation in food, pharmaceutical and environmental samples. These included the distribution of selenium and arsenic in various nuts, elemental association to different molecular weight fractions in Brazil Nuts, degradation products of levothyroxine in pharmaceutical tablets and iodophenols in river water samples.
Download or read book Capillary Electrophoresis High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was combined with the element specificity and low detection limits of high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP MS) for rapid elemental speciation. A novel sheath flow interface coupled to a PFA Teflon micro-flow concentric nebulizer was developed to provide an efficient method for interfacing capillary electrophoresis with the inductively coupled plasma. The sheath interface provides control over the nebulizer induced laminar flow in the separation capillary allowing the tradeoff between separation efficiency and analysis time to be selected. In chapter 3, this CE-HR-ICP-MS system was used to study various hydration/hydrolysis processes of hexachloro complexes of Rh in aqueous solutions. The migration speed of various mixed aquo/chloro rhodium species through the capillary depends on the charges they carry, which is dictated by the solution pH as well as their aging period in the solution. Several Rh species were tentatively identified according to their relative mobilities and their equilibrium distributions were quantified using peak area calculation in the experiments. In chapter 4, to meet the need of speciation analysis for applications in pharmaceutical process research, a non-aqueous CE with HR-ICP-MS detection method was developed. The novel sheath interface between the CE and ICP-MS enabled the use of CE with up to 100% organic electrolyte without organic loading in the plasma. Two unique aspects of non-aqueous CE, non-aqueous CE with wide-bore capillaries and influence of organic solvent on the CE separation selectivity were discussed. Information on chemical speciation is much needed in mechanistic and kinetic studies on catalyst formation processes in pharmaceutical research. In chapter 5, non-aqueous CE-ICP-MS speciation analysis was applied to the identification and quantification of various rhodium species involved in a ligand exchange process leading to formation of catalyst dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 2-oxopyrrolidin-5(S)-carboxylate]. A variety of reaction intermediates were identified and quantified along the pathway to formation of the desired product. This has provided new insights into the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction. In chapter 6, the feasibility of the determination of sub ppm to percentage levels of halogen elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) in solid organic compounds and drug substances by HR-ICP-MS was investigated. In chapter 7, the application of HR-ICP-MS for the determination of isotopic composition of enriched stable isotope calcium samples is described. The interferences from 40Ar isotope at the calcium mass 40 are greatly minimized by operating the ICP-MS in the cool plasma mode. The rest polyatomic ions are overcome by high resolution mode of the ICP-MS.
Download or read book Elemental Speciation by Capillary Electrophoresis inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by Jianqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elemental Speciation written by Joseph A. Caruso and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 2000 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the major aspects involved in elemental speciation. Sample preparation, separation techniques, instrumentation and quality assurance are all discussed. In addition, individual chapters are devoted to speciation of environmental samples and speciation of biological, clinical, and nutritional samples. Individual chapters are written by leaders in the field, and the book has been organized so that the reader may learn how to collect a sample and prepare it. Ways to separate and detect analytes of interest, and steps to take to ensure the validity of the measurements are also discussed. This book is unique in its comprehensive treatment of this subject.
Download or read book Speciation Studies in Soil Sediment and Environmental Samples written by Sezgin Bakirdere and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments clearly indicate that speciation studies in biological and environmental matrices are much more important than the total element determination due to the tremendous difference in bioavailability and toxicity of various chemical forms of a particular element. Different separation-detection techniques and hyphenated systems—each with its own advantages and disadvantages with respect to precision, sensitivity and detection limit—have been developed for the identification and quantification of the species present in systems at ultra-trace levels. This book aims to evaluate the speciation analysis in depth and present a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art analytical approaches used for the speciation of elements in environmental samples.
Download or read book Handbook of Elemental Speciation II written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an internationally recognized group of editors and contributors, Handbook of Elemental Speciation, Volume 2 provides a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary presentation of the analytical techniques involved in speciation. Comprehensive coverage of key elements and compounds in situ Addresses the analysis and impact of these elements and compounds, e.g. arsenic, lead, copper, iron, halogens, etc., in food, the environment, clinical and occupational health Detailed methodology and data are reported, as well as regulatory limits Includes general introduction on the impact in these key areas
Download or read book Elemental Speciation by Capillary Electrophoresis Inductively Coupled Plasma and Ionspray Mass Spectrometry written by Xiaodong Bu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Speciation in Environmental Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elemental speciation in environmental samples is a growing concern in scientific community. This is because the various species of an element can have radically different impact in terms of their essentiality/toxicity on our bio-geo system due to their difference in physico-chemical properties. Being present in very complex environmental matrices, the species are often present at very low concentration and thus require appropriate analytical methodologies to address them. Isolation of the analytes from the sample matrix requires careful consideration of sample preparation protocol in order to maintain the identity of the individual species. Elemental speciation often requires a chromatographic technique in order to separate individual species prior to their detection. A number of high performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed to separate the species of environmental interest. The liquid chromatographic separation techniques employed in the method development were size exclusion chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, and reversed phase ion pair chromatography. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used in hyphenation with the liquid chromatographic separation techniques as the detection system because of its low detection capability suitable for environmental analysis, sensitivity, multielemental detection as well as isobaric and polyatomic interference removal capability, and robustness. A size exclusion chromatographic technique followed by online ICPMS detection was developed for studying speciation of toxic trace metals and essential micronutrients bound to the humic substances in compost samples derived from urban solid waste. In a similar study the effect of the metal ions on the molecular weight distribution of humic substances were investigated. The metal ions associated with the humic substances were found to play a crucial role in the structural features of humic substances. A reversed phase ion pair HPLC separation technique followed by ICPMS detection was developed for phosphorus containing herbicides in river water samples. A reversed phase HPLC method followed by its hyphenation to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detector was developed for separation and identification of cadmium-phytochelatin species. The method was applied to investigate long distance root to shoot transport of cadmium chaperoned by phytochelatins in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana, in comparison with the wild type plants.
Download or read book Elemental Speciation by Chromatographic Separations Interfaced to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete characterization of a metal requires the elucidation of properties such as its oxidation state or complex form. Elemental speciation has been defined as the analyses that lead to determining the distribution of an element2s particular chemical species in a sample. This information can be of great use when assessing the risks and benefits associated with particular elements. A large number of methods have been developed which utilize a multitude of different separation mechanisms and detection instruments. Both high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were the primary separation techniques utilized in this work. Because of its robustness, sensitivity and multi-elemental capabilities, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer has been routinely used for trace elemental analysis and as part of hyphenated systems for speciation analysis. Sample preparation is a critical area in elemental speciation analysis. It is important that techniques used to extract elemental species are as efficient in comparison to the harsh digestions employed in total elemental analysis. Microwave assisted extractions and enzymatic digestions have become popular ways in which to achieve this. Concentration may also be necessary as levels of elemental species may be quite low. An emerging technique to accomplish this is solid phase microextraction. The above techniques were used separately or in combination to speciate several important classes of compounds. These included the selenoamino acids (which are considered the most bioavailable form of selenium), the brominated flame retardants (bromine species incorporated into plastics to prevent fires), the organophosphorus pesticides (phosphorus compounds used in farming) and two oxidation states of chromium (one essential and one carcinogenic).
Download or read book Elemental Speciation and Trace Metal Analysis Using Chemical Separations Interfaced to Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparison of capillary electrophoresis (CE) migration times using standard on-column UV detection and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is presented for two different CE separations. The first is a separation of five arsenic compounds, four anionic species and one neutral, using reverse polarity in a chromate buffer with an electroosmotic flow modifier. The second CE separation employs normal polarity for the separation of eleven lanthanide cations using a HIBA buffer with an indirect UV detection reagent. Migration times observed for CE-ICP-MS electropherograms are comparable to migration times acquired with UV detection, and may be adjusted by changes in the make-up liquid level position. The precision of peak areas (
Download or read book Essentials of Medical Geology written by Olle Selinus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-30 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Medical Geology reviews the essential concepts and practical tools required to tackle environmental and public health problems. It is organized into four main sections. The first section deals with the fundamentals of environmental biology, the natural and anthropogenic sources of health elements that impact health and illustrate key biogeochemical transformations. The second section looks at the geological processes influencing human exposure to specific elements, such as radon, arsenic, fluorine, selenium and iodine. The third section presents the concepts and techniques of pathology, toxicology and epidemiology that underpin investigations into the human health effects of exposure to naturally occurring elements. The last section provides a toolbox of analytical approaches to environmental research and medical geology investigations. Essentials of Medical Geology was first published in 2005 and has since won three prestigious rewards. The book has been recognized as a key book in both medical and geology fields and is widely used as textbook and reference book in these fields. For this revised edition, editors and authors have updated the content that evolved a lot during 2005 and added two new chapters, on public health, and agriculture and health. This updated volume can now continue to be used as a textbook and reference book for all who are interested in this important topic and its impacts the health and wellbeing of many millions of people all over the world. · Addresses key topics at the intersection of environmental science and human health · Developed by 60 international experts from 20 countries and edited by professionals from the International Medical Geology Association (IMGA) · Written in non-technical language for a broad spectrum of readers, ranging from students and professional researchers to policymakers and the general public · Includes color illustrations throughout, references for further investigation and other aids to the reader
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements in Geochemical Exploration written by Raghaw Saran and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace element analysis plays a prominent role in various fields, from mineralogy and geology to semiconductor manufacture and foods. In geochemical exploration, the analysis of trace elements assumes high significance due to the multifaceted role played by them. The analyte is at the detection limit of many instrumental techniques. This makes their determination difficult This book covers a wide spectrum of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques and recent developments in them used all over the world, including developing countries, for quantitation of trace elements. With revolutionary progress in the last three to four decades in analytical techniques, several ICP-based techniques like ICP-OES and ICP-MS and other nuclear analytical techniques have enabled determination of trace elements at the ppb level. However, these methods require expensive instrumentation and cannot be made available everywhere. The quality of analytical data is dependent on valid reference standards. The book contains detailed sample preparation in varying matrices and an important chapter on statistical treatment of analytical data for the purpose of quality control and quality assurance. Pulling together, the book, containing the work carried out by the author’s group in India, will be useful to analysts involved in geochemical explorations.
Download or read book Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by Howard E. Taylor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It also includes information on processing and interpreting results to obtain high-quality data.".
Download or read book Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by Alan R. Date and published by Blackie Academic and Professional. This book was released on 1989 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry written by John R. Dean and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of this practical approach to sampling, experimentation, and applications in the field of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry The second edition of Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry discusses many of the significant developments in the field which have expanded inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry from a useful optical emission spectroscopic technique for trace element analysis into a source for both atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry, capable of detecting elements at sub-ppb (ng mL−1) levels with good accuracy and precision. Comprising nine chapters, this new edition has been fully revised and up-dated in each chapter. It contains information on everything you need to practically know about the different types of instrumentation as well as pre- and post-experimental aspects. Designed to be easily accessible, with a ‘start-to-finish’ approach, each chapter outlines the key practical aspects of a specific aspect of the topic. The author, a noted expert in the field, details specific applications of the techniques presented, including uses in environmental, food and industrial analysis. This edition: Emphasizes the importance of health and safety; Provides advanced information on sample preparation techniques; Presents an updated chapter on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Features a new chapter on current and future development in ICP technology and one on practical trouble shooting and routine maintenance. Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry offers a practical guide that can be used for undergraduate and graduate students in the broad discipline of analytical chemistry, which includes biomedical science, environmental science, food science and forensic science, in both distance and open learning situations. It also provides an excellent reference for those in postgraduate training in these fields.
