Download or read book Towards Site Specific Nitrogen Management in Hard Red Winter Wheat written by Doria Ali and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A site-specific N management approach has the potential to manage in-field variability and increase production and economic efficiencies by optimizing the nitrogen (N) inputs. Field studies were conducted to investigate the grain yield and protein responses of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to several N management strategies across variable landscapes. Nine N treatments consisted of various combinations of N rates, sources and timings were applied at specific stages of crop development. Delta yield, delta protein and net returns were calculated to determine the spatial response to N across the field. Those parameters for each treatment varied spatially across the field. Normalized difference vegetation index and leaf area index could not explain the spatial response to N accurately. Overall, grain yield and protein responses to N strategies were highly dependent on the spatial position in each field; however, predicting the responses in time for deploying N management strategies were only weakly associated with canopy sensor data or soil characteristics.

Download or read book Precision Nitrogen Management written by Stephen Edmond Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Tests for Winter Wheat Nitrogen Management in the Southeastern USA written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT WALL, DAVID PETER. Soil Tests for Winter Wheat Nitrogen Management in the Southeastern USA. (Under the direction of Randy Weisz). Developing a system where soil tests could be used for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nitrogen (N) management and to determine N-fertilizer requirements in the southeastern USA would have many environmental and economic benefits. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effects of sampling time, sampling depth, crop rotation, and N fertilizer application on the amino sugar-N test (ASNT); (ii) determine appropriate and reliable sampling depths for the ASNT and soil mineral N tests; (iii) explore the relationships between these soil N tests and winter wheat N uptake; (iv) calibrate these soil N tests to predict optimum spring N rates (OptN) for winter wheat in North Carolina. Ten study sites were established, to assess changes in ASNT values with sampling depth, crop rotation, and N fertilizer application. A repeated measures experimental design was implemented whereby soil samples were taken from each of the 10 study sites at specific times and depths during the course of a 19-month period. Amino sugar-N (ASN), NO3-N, NH4-N, and soil organic matter (SOM) levels were evaluated at each sampling. At all sites, soil ASN decreased with depth and showed significant variation over time. Soil ASN was influenced by crop rotation and tillage but was not significantly affected by fertilizer applications. When all sites were considered together, soil ASN was well correlated with SOM, however, they were not correlated across time within sites. This suggests that the ASNT is measuring a nitrogenous fraction of SOM that behaves somewhat independently over time. These results indicate that sampling to 30 cm at a specific sampling time will be necessary to capture temporal variability in ASN. Sixty-nine winter wheat N response trials were conducted for three growing seasons over a wide range of soils, drainage and previous crop.

Download or read book Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Soft Red Winter Wheat Yield Grain Protein and Grain Quality Using Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to improve nitrogen (N) management for soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Carolina with three areas of focus: delayed harvest effects on grain quality, explaining grain protein variability caused by management practices, and developing N recommendations at growth stage (GS) 30 using aerial color infrared (CIR) photography. Delayed harvest significantly reduced grain yield and test weight in the majority of trials. Yield reductions were attributed to dry, warm environments, possibly due to shattering. Test weight reductions were attributed to the negative effects of wetting and drying cycles. Of the 20 quality parameters investigated, flour falling number, clear flour, and farinograph breakdown times were significantly reduced due to delayed harvest, while grain deoxynivalenol (DON) levels increased with a delayed harvest. Environment contributed to grain protein variability (23%), though the majority of that variability was attributed to N management (52%). It was found that as grain protein levels increased at higher N rates and with the majority of N applied at GS 30, the overall grain protein variability increased. The recommendations to reduce grain protein variability are; to reduce the range in N fertilizer rates used, to avoid over application of N beyond what is required to optimize yields, and to apply spring N at GS 25. Relationships between derived agronomic optimum N rates and three spectral bands and 39 indexes were weak, but after separating the data into two biomass classes (low 1000 kg ha-1 and high 1000 kg ha-1), the relationships of optimum N rates with a relative Red and Green bands (relative to a high N-status reference plot) had the best (quadratic) relationships (R2 = 0.80 and 0.81, respectively) for the high biomass class. These results indicate that agronomic optimum N rates at GS 30 can be estimated using aerial CIR photographs if areas of low and high biomass can be determined.

Download or read book Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Soft Red Winter Wheat Yield Grain Protein and Grain Quality Using Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing Techniques written by Dianne Carter Farrer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: protein variability, delayed harvest, grain quality, winter wheat, remote sensing.

Download or read book Nitrogen Management and Variety Selection for Dryland Production of Hard Red Winter Wheat in Northeastern Oregon written by Daniel Robert Jepsen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper nitrogen (N) management and variety selection are important for profitable hard red winter (HRW) wheat production in the dryland growing regions of northeastern Oregon. In these dryland systems, N management for grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) is challenging due to climatic and year-to-year variation in production environments. However, current fertilizer guides make little distinction between locations and incorporate relatively little data from HRW production. Identifying adequate N management practices and scenarios suitable for HRW production will help producers reduce risk and enhance profits. This study investigates the effects of fertilizer N rate, N application timing, variety and location over six site-years in northeastern Oregon from 2007-2009. Whole plant tissue nitrogen (TN) concentration at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 30 and flag leaf nitrogen (FLN) were also evaluated as decision making tools for N management in this region. Three sites representing low and intermediate precipitation zones were chosen for this study. A site at Pendleton, Oregon represented an intermediate precipitation zone (420 mm), while sites at Lexington and Arlington, Oregon were in a low precipitation (250-300 mm) zone. Study sites were minimally responsive to N treatments in terms of yield. Spring N was less detrimental to yield than fall application when N was excessive at Lexington and Arlington. Grain protein concentration response to fertilizer N was significant and varied by site-year. Some site-years proved favorable for efficient production of high GPC HRW wheat, whereas acceptable GPC was very difficult to achieve in others, underscoring the difficulty of consistently producing high GPC HRW wheat in these regions. Fertilizer N use efficiency was 18-39% at Pendleton, but generally less than 20% at Lexington and Arlington, dropping to zero in some circumstances. At all sites the soil N pool was used more efficiently than fertilizer N, indicating that HRW production is best suited where only minimal fertilizer N is required to complement crop N requirements. Spring N application improved GPC one year at Pendleton following above average late spring rainfall, and may therefore be a useful N management strategy in that environment. In contrast, spring N had a neutral or negative impact on GPC at Lexington and Arlington. Overall, current recommendations did not adequately describe N requirements observed in this study. However, requirements for achieving target GPC were generally lower and more stable at Pendleton, indicating that this and similar environments may be more suitable for HRW production than low yield, high stress environments such as Lexington and Arlington. Varieties showed similar response to N treatments regardless of site. Grain yield of HRW varieties were generally competitive with the soft white winter (SWW) variety 'Stephens'. Among tested HRW varieties, 'Norwest 553' expressed the best combination of yield and GPC performance. The relationship of tissue N (TN) concentration at Zadoks growth stage 30 to GPC was stable across site-years. A critical TN level of 41 g kg-1 corresponded to 126 g kg-1 GPC. This level could be used to indicate when additional N is required to achieve desired GPC, but it remains uncertain how useful this test would be at high stress, low rainfall sites considering the poor response to spring N at Lexington and Arlington. Flag leaf N also showed promise for predicting GPC, but additional research is necessary to clarify this relationship.

Download or read book Stabilized Nitrogen Management for Soft Red Winter Wheat Production in Missouri written by Fanson Majani Kidwaro and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of nitrapyrin in nitrogen (N) management may be an important tool for increasing soft red winter wheat yields in Missouri. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the duration of ammonium retention in the soil profile during fall and winter growth periods from anhydrous ammonia fertilizer treated with nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine); (2) Evaluate fall and split applications of anhydrous ammonia with or without nitrapyrin for soft red winter wheat in Missouri; and (3) Relate crop yield to NH$\sb4\sp{+}$/NO$\sb3\sp{-}$ soil ratios. Anhydrous ammonia was applied with and without nitrapyrin on a Mexico silt loam (fine montmorillonitic, udolic ochraqualf). Three days after application of anhydrous ammonia, soil samples were collected from the injection zone (IZ) and the surrounding profile up to 8 cm from the IZ. Higher levels of ammonium (NH$\sb4\sp{+}$) were retained in the soil profile in plots treated with nitrapyrin during both 1991-92 and 1992-93 sampling periods. Overall nitrate (NO$\sb3\sp{-}$) levels in the soil profile increased during the first three weeks of the study, but then decreased following wheat establishment and remained relatively low during both 1991-92 and 1992-93 sampling periods. There was a negative relationship between declining NH$\sb4\sp{+}$ levels and cumulative heat units in treatments with and without nitrapyrin during both growing periods. Nitrapyrin improved NH$\sb4\sp{+}$ retention in the soil profile during fall and winter sampling periods. There was no yield response to improved NH$\sb4\sp{+}$ retention by nitrapyrin across sites during the three year study. Yield components and harvest index (HI) were not influenced by split N treatments with or without nitrapyrin. Nitrapyrin did not increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), however, NUE increased with increasing spring N application. Lack of yield response to nitrapyrin clearly indicates that nitrapyrin is not an important tool to be incorporated into the N management for soft red winter wheat production in Missouri.

Download or read book Site specific Nitrogen Management and Remote Sensing Based Nitrogen Application Decisions in Wheat written by Michael Darrell Flowers and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen Management and Variety on Protein Quantity and Quality in Soft Red Winter Wheat written by Kwee Peng Hong and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Application Management on Two Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties written by Mamat Anwar Pulung and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 39 written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews recent research advances in sustainable agriculture, with focus on crop production, biodiversity and biofuels in Africa and Asia.

Download or read book GIS Applications in Agriculture Volume Two written by David E. Clay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are entering a new era in production agronomics. Agricultural scientists the world over call for the development of techniques that simultaneously increase soil carbon storage and reduce agriculture's energy use. In response, site-specific or precision agriculture has become the focus and direction for the three motivating forces that are changi

Download or read book Site Specific Effects of Water Supply and Nitrogen Fertilization on Winter Wheat written by Dieter Geesing and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of In season Wheat Nutrient Uptake Changes and Nitrogen Management for Grain and Dual Purpose Winter Wheat written by Tyler R. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An effective nutrient management plan is essential for optimum wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields. The objectives of the first study were to: i.) evaluate changes in concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), within separate plant parts, throughout the growing season, ii.) evaluate the uptake pattern and redistribution of each of these nutrients within the plant throughout the season, and iii.) evaluate the impact of micronutrient and S fertilization on concentration and uptake of nutrients and the potential use of fertilization for biofortification. Three locations were established and sampled every 7 to 10 days during the spring. Samples were divided into leaf, stem, head, spike and grain fractions and analyzed for nutrient concentration. Concentration levels tended to decrease throughout the season in non-grain plant fractions and stay relatively constant in the grain. Harvest grain concentration of Zn was significantly higher with micronutrient fertilization at all locations, suggesting the possibility of Zn biofortification through fertilization. S, Cu, and Zn showed nutrient accumulation increases in all plant fractions until the time period around anthesis (Feekes 10.5.1), at which point leaf and stem fractions decreased in total accumulation while nutrients were remobilized to the grain. N, P, K and Mn showed a similar trend although timing of remobilization varied between locations and treatments. The objectives of the second study were to i.) evaluate the interaction of wheat grazing management and soil and fertilizer N requirements with emphasis on dual purpose wheat, ii.) assess the use of NDVI sensors for N management and forage quantity assessment in wheat grazing systems, and iii.) evaluate forage quality and quantity interactions with N management. Three locations were established and fertilized with N application rates of 0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha−1 in the fall, followed by simulated grazing. Spring topdress applications were made at rates of 0 and 90 kg ha−1, or a sensor based rate. The impact of grazing on grain production varied by location. NDVI readings correlated with biomass at two of three locations and N recommendations using NDVI sensors resulted in significantly lower N rates and similar yield results to high N application rates. Forage dry matter and N concentration increased with higher N rates.

Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Variable Rate Nitrogen Management on Dryland Spring Wheat in Northern Montana written by Jeffrey Donald Whitmus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to compare hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield (agronomic returns) and grain value (economic returns) of variable rate and uniform nitrogen (N) management using a data set obtained from eight on-farm experiments conducted over an eleven year period (1994-2004). Field experiments were established near Simpson, Malta, Havre, and Highwood, Montana using a strip trial design where N rates were varied in replicated strips along the length of each field. A digital elevation model was created for each field site using survey quality global positioning system data. Digital elevation models were segregated into four landscape classes or management zones (Upper Slopes, Middle North Facing Slopes, Middle South Facing Slopes, and Lower Slopes) using global information system software. Geo-referenced grid soil samples were collected at each field site location to determine background soil N levels. Geo-referenced yield and protein samples were collected at all field sites using a production sized combine equipped with yield monitor. The economic analysis consisted of partial budget analysis where only the changes in costs and revenues between variable rate and uniform N management were considered as part of net returns. In addition, spatial least squares (SLS) analysis was used as the basis for establishing whether wheat yields from variable rate N management were significantly greater than those from uniform N management. The SLS analysis failed to detect a significant difference in grain yield between variable rate and uniform N management. Variable N management used more fertilizer N and was less profitable than uniform N management in seven of the eight cases. Revenues from variable N management were insufficient to offset associated costs for needed information, hardware, and software. However, if Environmental Quality Incentive Program payments of $34.57 were considered as part of net income then variable rate N management was more profitable in all cases. Little evidence existed in this study that variable rate N management improves agronomic returns and profits, or reduces N use, especially in water limited conditions found in northern Montana.

Download or read book Organic Sources of Nitrogen Fertility for Hard Red Winter Wheat in the Northeast written by Susan A. Monahan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vermont and the region, meeting the demands of the thriving local foods movement requires not only an increase in the supply of local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), but a more thorough understanding of agronomic management practices that yield high quality wheat for bread use. The objective ofthis research was to understand how different sources of nitrogen fertility within organic farming systems affect productivity and breadmaking quality of hard red winter wheat. Field trials were initiated in fall 2007 and repeated in 2008 on Windsor loamy sand at the Horticultural Research Center in South Burlington, VT and On Kingsbury clay at the Cornell Baker Research Farm in Willsboro, NY. A randomized split block design with four replications was used at each site.

Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilizer Improves Quality of Hard Red Winter Wheat in Eastern Idaho written by Ralph J. Schaeffer and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: