Download or read book Towards Methyl Bromide Phase Out written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methyl Bromide Phase out Strategies written by Kristin Schafer and published by United Nations Environment Programme. This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternatives to Methyl Bromide written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2001 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl bromide, a potent pest control chemical, was identified as an ozone depleting substance (ODS) in 1972. The phase out of this toxic chemical presents a special challenge. To replace methyl bromide, users around the world must have access to reliable and useful technical information. This publication was produced by the United Nations Environment Programme to promote the methyl bromide phase out. It allows the reader to carefully and thoroughly assess many available alternatives and decide on the best option for their situation. The publication also provides addresses of suppliers and specialists in alternatives; references and websites; and contacts for implementing agencies.
Download or read book The status of methyl bromide under the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the transcript of the U.S. Congress subcommittee hearing held in June 2003 that discussed the status of the compound methyl bromide as it pertains to the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The Clean Air Act is a U.S. federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level. Methyl bromide (MeBr) is an odorless, colorless gas that has been used as a soil fumigant and structural fumigant to control pests across a wide range of sectors. Because MeBr depletes the stratospheric ozone layer, the amount of MeBr produced and imported in the U.S. was reduced incrementally until it was phased out completely by January 1, 2005, pursuant to the U.S.'s obligation under the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act.
Download or read book The Methyl Bromide Issue written by C. H. Bell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by international experts in the field, this book sets outthe scientific arguments for and against the use of methyl bromidewhich is both naturally occurring and also a man-made productbelieved to have played a significant role in the depletion of theozone layer. Methyl bromide is a widely used fumigant in agriculture,horticulture and the preservation of structural materials. The fateof this natural and man-made chemical is the focus of much fiercedebate with scientific, political, social, environmental andeconomic arguments for and against the production and use of thischemial. This book does not set out to convince the reader of apredetermined viewpoint. Its purpose is to set out the scientificdebate covering the major relevant fields including agriculture,atmospheric chemistry, oceanography, environmental sciences,chemistry, biology and toxicology, as well as two chapters onpotential alternatives to methyl bromide. The authors who havecontributed to this book are all experts who have played pivotalroles in the international debate on methyl bromide.
Download or read book Economic Implications of the Methyl Bromide Phaseout written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methyl Bromide Risk Characterization in California written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-06-13 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl bromide is gaseous pesticide used to fumigate soil, crops, commodity warehouses, and commodity-shipping facilities. Up to 17 million pounds of methyl bromide are used annually in California to treat grapes, almonds, strawberries, and other crops. Methyl bromide is also a known stratospheric ozone depleter and, as such, is scheduled to be phased out of use in the United States by 2005 under the United Nations Montreal Protocol. In California, the use of methyl bromide is regulated by the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), which is responsible for establishing the permit conditions that govern the application of methyl bromide for pest control. The actual permits for use are issued on a site-specific basis by the local county agricultural commissioners. Because of concern for potential adverse health effects, in 1999 DPR developed a draft risk characterization document for inhalation exposure to methyl bromide. The DPR document is intended to support new regulations regarding the agricultural use of this pesticide. The proposed regulations encompass changes to protect children in nearby schools, establish minimum buffer zones around application sites, require notification of nearby residents, and set new limits on hours that fumigation employees may work. The State of California requires that DPR arrange for an external peer review of the scientific basis for all regulations. To this end, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to review independently the draft risk characterization document prepared by DPR for inhalation exposure to methyl bromide. The task given to NRC's subcommittee on methyl bromide states the following: The subcommittee will perform an independent scientific review of the California Environmental Protection Agency's risk assessment document on methyl bromide. The subcommittee will (1) determine whether all relevant data were considered, (2) determine the appropriateness of the critical studies, (3) consider the mode of action of methyl bromide and its implications in risk assessment, and (4) determine the appropriateness of the exposure assessment and mathematical models used. The subcommittee will also identify data gaps and make recommendations for further research relevant to setting exposure limits for methyl bromide. This report evaluates the toxicological and exposure data on methyl bromide that characterize risks at current exposure levels for field workers and nearby residents. The remainder of this report contains the subcommittee's analysis of DPR's risk characterization for methyl bromide. In Chapter 2, the critical toxicological studies and endpoints identified in the DPR document are evaluated. Chapter 3 summarizes DPR's exposure assessment, and the data quality and modeling techniques employed in its assessment are critiqued. Chapter 4 provides a review of DPR's risk assessment, including the adequacy of the toxicological database DPR used for hazard identification, an analysis of the margin-of-exposure data, and appropriateness of uncertainty factors used by DPR. Chapter 5 contains the subcommittee's conclusions about DPR's risk characterization, highlights data gaps, and makes recommendations for future research.
Download or read book Alternatives to Methyl Bromide written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Forestry, Resource Conservation, and Research and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Case Studies on Alternatives to Methyl Bromide written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2002 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Report on Validated Alternatives to the Use of Methyl Bromide for Soil Fumigation written by R. Labrada and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl bromide (MeBr), used as a fumigant to control several soil-borne pests in various crops, is a strong ozone depleter, and governments and international agencies aware of the problem have agreed to establish a programme to phase out its use. As a result, some literature on new MeBr alternatives is available that describes the feasibility and disadvantages of each new pest control measure. Some of these publications result from workshops and symposia organized in different countries by the United Nations Environment Programme and by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. The present report provides information on successful alternatives in some countries or regions where MeBr is being phased out. Although the report often shows the lack of already validated alternatives, particularly for a region such as Africa, the material provides enough elements on the technical and economic success of a variety of alternatives to assist agricultural researchers and extensionists in carrying out further studies and/or for validation. The material can also serve as a reference, particularly for the training of trainers.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences written by Gerald R. North and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences
Download or read book Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Control Law written by Arnold W. Reitze and published by Environmental Law Institute. This book was released on 2001 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Pollution Control Law provides explanation of the legislative provisions, regulatory requirements, and court decisions that comprise the body of air pollution control law.
Download or read book Investing in the Phase out of Ozone depleting substances The GEF Experience written by Global Environment Facility and published by Global Environment Facility. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wilted written by Julie Guthman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strawberries are big business in California. They are the sixth-highest-grossing crop in the state, which produces 88 percent of the nation’s favorite berry. Yet the industry is often criticized for its backbreaking labor conditions and dependence on highly toxic soil fumigants used to control fungal pathogens and other soilborne pests. In Wilted, Julie Guthman tells the story of how the strawberry industry came to rely on soil fumigants, and how that reliance reverberated throughout the rest of the fruit’s production system. The particular conditions of plants, soils, chemicals, climate, and laboring bodies that once made strawberry production so lucrative in the Golden State have now changed and become a set of related threats that jeopardize the future of the industry.
Download or read book 2006 Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee written by United Nations Environment Programme. Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee and published by UNEP. This book was released on 2007 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since the 2002 Assessment of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, a large number of technical developments have taken place. The Panel's six Technical Options Committees have each issued a 2006 Assessment Report that document these developments. The present publication contains the report on methyl bromide. Publishing Agency: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
