Download or read book Towards Fully 3 dimensional Simulations of Heavy Ion Collisions in the IP Glasma Initial State Framework written by Scott McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heavy ion collisions conducted at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the LargeHadron Collider (LHC) are sufficiently energetic to create a deconfined state of quarks andand gluons known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). In the infinite momentum limit, thereis a longitudinal symmetry, known as boost invariance, that reduces the dynamics to 2+1-dimensions, simplifying simulations and allowing for detailed study of the transverse dy-namics of heavy ion collisions. Boost invariance is only an approximation, however, and acomplete understanding must come from the full 3+1D dynamics of heavy ion collisions. Inthis thesis, the phenomenologically successful IP-Glasma model [1, 2] for the initial state ofheavy ion collisions is generalized to 3+1D using JIMWLK rapidity evolution [3, 4] of thepre-collision Wilson lines. The initial gauge fields for the individual nuclei are modified to bepure gauge outside of the source terms in all three spatial directions in order to avoid energydeposition outside of the interaction region between the two nuclei. Additionally, Gauss’law is no longer trivially satisfied in 3+1D, and must be satisfied locally. An ansatz anditerative solution to Gauss’ law is introduced. The effect of these modifications is exploredon the evolution of the chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields, as well as the pressurein the IP-Glasma phase. Most importantly, these modifications allow for self-consistent tem-poral evolution of the Classical Yang Mills equation of motion on a 3D lattice and thusfor phenomenological application. The 3+1D IP-Glasma initial state is coupled to 3+1Drelativistic viscous hydrodynamics using the MUSIC numerical software [5], which is in turnmatched to the hadronic cascade model UrQMD [6]. This hybrid model is used to study theinitialization and evolution of Pb-Pb collisions at s =√2.76 TeV in 3+1D, providing thefirst opportunity to study the phenomenological consequences of the JIMWLK renormaliza-tion group equation on the longitudinal dynamics of heavy ion collisions and the resultingparticle spectra"--
Download or read book The Initial State of Heavy Ion Collisions in the IP glasma Framework written by Scott McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "First implemented by Schenke et al [1, 2], IP-Glasma is a QCD based initial state model for Heavy Ion Collisions that is able to reproduce a wide range of observables, both on average and in event-by-event distributions, when used to initialize hydrodynamic simulations. The model incorporates small-x gluon saturation via the Impact Parameter Dependent Saturation Model (IPSAT) [3] and introduces sub-nucleonic color charge fluctuations by stochastically sampling the color charge density for each nucleon, before ultimately evolving the gluon field configuration via a classical Yang-Mills evolution. This thesis is the debut of a second formulation of IP-Glasma, the results of which will be presented throughout this work. The objective is to reproduce the results of the highly successful IP-Glasma model and to extend them to study new experimental data in order to further constrain the transport properties of theQuark Gluon Plasma. Predictions and postdictions for Run 2 at the LHC, which is currently underway, will be presented and discussed." --
Download or read book The Large Hadron Collider written by Thomas Schörner-Sadenius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume summarizes and structures the multitude of results obtained at the LHC in its first running period and draws the grand picture of today’s physics at a hadron collider. Topics covered are Standard Model measurements, Higgs and top-quark physics, flavour physics, heavy-ion physics, and searches for supersymmetry and other extensions of the Standard Model. Emphasis is placed on overview and presentation of the lessons learned. Chapters on detectors and the LHC machine and a thorough outlook into the future complement the book. The individual chapters are written by teams of expert authors working at the forefront of LHC research.
Download or read book Quark Gluon Plasma 3 written by Rudolph C. Hwa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Text reviews the major topics in Quark-Gluon Plasma, including: the QCD phase diagram, the transition temperature, equation of state, heavy quark free energies, and thermal modifications of hadron properties. Includes index, references, and appendix. For researchers and practitioners.
Download or read book Computer Simulations of High energy Heavy Ion Collisions written by Gerd Kortemeyer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Initial State Structures and Final State Correlations in Heavy Ion Collisions written by Alba Soto Ontoso and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Computer Simulations to Study Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by Joelle Murray and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time dependent Description of Heavy ion Collisions written by Hao Lin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we aim to advance the time-dependent transport theories for the description of heavy-ion collisions, from two perspectives. As an attempt to address multifragmentation in nuclear collisions, we develop a stochastic transport model based on one-body Langevin dynamics. The new model is subsequently tested and benchmarked with a series of other existing models with satisfaction. The model is also applied to address and confirm the so-called "hierarchy effect" observed in the multifragmentation for certain systems around Fermi energies. Parallel to the development towards a stochastic theory, we also extend an approach based on non-equilibrium Green's function for the description of correlated nuclear systems in one dimension.Firstly, we present a new framework to treat the dissipation and fluctuation dynamics associated with nucleon-nucleon scattering in heavy-ion collisions. The two-body collisions are effectively described in terms of the diffusion of nucleons in viscous nuclear media, governed by a set of Langevin equations in momentum space. The new framework combined with the usual mean-field dynamics, forming the basis of the new stochastic model, can be used to simulate heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies.Subsequently, as a proof of principle for the new model, we simulate Au + Au reactions 100 MeV/nucleon and at 400 MeV/nucleon and look at observables such as rapidity distribution and flow as a function of rapidity. The results are found to be consistent with other existing models under the same constrained conditions. To demonstrate the model's ability to describe multifragmentation, we also study the formation of fragments in Sn +Sn reactions at 50 MeV/nucleon, and the fragment distribution and properties are discussed and compared to two other models commonly employed for collisions.Next, we move on to tackle the "hierarchy effect" observed experimentally for reactions around Fermi energies. We simulate Ta + Au at 39.6 MeV/nucleon and compare mainly the charge and velocity distributions of the fragments from the QP with experimental data. Our simulation results can reproduce the trends observed in data, and a semi-quantitative agreement can be reached. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that one has succeeded in addressing the "hierarchy effect" with a dynamic model. The simulation of U + C is also discussed.Finally, we present a fully quantum-mechanical model based on non-equilibrium Green's function, with short-range two-body correlations incorporated as an extension. We examine its applications to one-dimensional nuclear systems, such as the preparation and properties of the ground states, the isovector oscillation of symmetric systems and the boosting of a"slab" in a periodic box. In particular, the dissipation brought by two-body correlations and the Galilean covariance of the theory are demonstrated. These studies lay the groundwork for the future exploration of collisions of correlated nuclear systems in one dimension.
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions written by R. Bock and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1979 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autonomic Communication written by Athanasios V. Vasilakos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New paradigms for communication/networking systems are needed in order to tackle the emerging issues such as heterogeneity, complexity and management of evolvable infrastructures. In order to realize such advanced systems, approaches should become task- and knowledge-driven, enabling a service-oriented, requirement, and trust-driven development of communication networks. The networking and seamless integration of concepts, technologies and devices in a dynamically changing environment poses many challenges to the research community, including interoperability, programmability, management, openness, reliability, performance, context awareness, intelligence, autonomy, security, privacy, safety, and semantics. This edited volume explores the challenges of technologies to realize the vision where devices and applications seamlessly interconnect, intelligently cooperate, and autonomously manage themselves, and as a result, the borders of virtual and real world vanish or become significantly blurred.
Download or read book Probing the Initial State of Heavy ion Collisions with Isolated Prompt Photons written by Florian Jonas and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Heavy Ion Collisions written by W. Nörenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of heavy-ion reactions, nuclear physics has acquired a new frontier. The new heavy-ion sources operating at electrostatic accelerators and the high-energy experiments performed at Berkeley, Dubna, Manchester and Orsay, have opened up the field, and have shown us impressive new prospects. The new accelerators now under construction at Berlin, Daresbury and Darmstadt, as well as those under consideration (GANIL, Oak Ridge, etc.) are expected to add significantly to our knowledge and understanding of nuclear properties. This applies not only to such exotic topics as the existence and lifetimes of superheavy elements, or the possibilƯ ity of shock waves in nuclei, but also to such more mundane issues as high-spin states, new regions of deformed nuclei and friction forces. The field promises not only to produce a rich variety of interesting phenomena, but also to have wide-spread theoretical implications. Heavy-ion reactions are characterized by the large masses of the fragments, as well as the high total energy and the large total angular momentum typically involved in the collision. A purely quantum-mechanical description of such a collision process may be too complicated to be either possible or interƯ esting. We expect and, in some cases, know that the classical limit, the limit of geometrical optics, a quantum-statistical or a hydrodynamical description correctly account for typical features.
Download or read book Semianalytical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by Todd Mendenhall and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) has been produced by relativistic heavy ion collisions, and understanding its properties is a primary goal in the field of nuclear physics. This research first elucidates recent semianalytical developments that improve the estimates of the initial energy and net conserved-charge densities and enable the calculation of trajectories in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram for the matter produced by nuclear collisions. A semianalytical model of the initial densities is developed by including the finite nuclear thickness for parton production. The new maximum energy density is found to have an analytical upper bound and satisfy an approximate scaling relation. QCD phase diagram trajectories are extracted from the semianalytical densities using several nuclear equations of state, and the calculated QGP lifetimes are found to depend significantly on the values of the model's parameters. The study next presents a comparison between two solutions of the relativistic Boltzmann equation (RBE): one, a numerical solution using parton trans- port; the other, a theoretical solution for a homogeneous gas of massless particles. Parton transport in Zhang's parton cascade (ZPC) is found to reproduce the results of a recent ex- act analytical solution of the RBE with an unexpected effectiveness at high densities when using new generalized collision schemes. Finally, the work discusses some open questions related to parton transport in ZPC and suggests some possible directions to uncover their answers. These future research goals include discovering the cause of an unexpected problem arising in simulations with three-dimensional (3D) expansion, understanding the theoretical distribution of the total center-of-mass (CM) energy squared for two-parton collisions, and studying curved parton motion in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. Overall, the results presented in this dissertation improve the theoretical and numerical descriptions of the QGP and should be useful for future studies.
Download or read book Rapidity Dependence in Holographic Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present an attempt to closely mimic the initial stage of heavy ion collisions within holography, assuming a decoupling of longitudinal and transverse dynamics in the very early stage. We subsequently evolve the obtained initial state using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations and compare results with experimental data. We present results for charged hadron pseudorapidity spectra and directed and elliptic flow as functions of pseudorapidity for √sNN = 200GeV Au-Au and 2.76TeV Pb-Pb collisions. As a result, the directed flow interestingly turns out to be quite sensitive to the viscosity. The results can explain qualitative features of the collisions, but the rapidity spectra in our current model is narrower than the experimental data.
Download or read book CLASSICLA SIMULATIONS OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS written by R.J. LENK and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics written by Jerzy Bartke and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to cover the fascinating field of physics of relativistic heavy ions, mainly from the experimentalist's point of view. After the introductory chapter on quantum chromodynamics, basic properties of atomic nuclei, sources of relativistic nuclei, and typical detector set-ups are described in three subsequent chapters. Experimental facts on collisions of relativistic heavy ions are systematically presented in 15 consecutive chapters, starting from the simplest features like cross sections, multiplicities, and spectra of secondary particles and going to more involved characteristics like correlations, various relatively rare processes, and newly discovered features: collective flow, high pT suppression and jet quenching. Some entirely new topics are included, such as the difference between neutron and proton radii in nuclei, heavy hypernuclei, and electromagnetic effects on secondary particle spectra.Phenomenological approaches and related simple models are discussed in parallel with the presentation of experimental data. Near the end of the book, recent ideas about the new state of matter created in collisions of ultrarelativistic nuclei are discussed. In the final chapter, some predictions are given for nuclear collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now in construction at the site of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva. Finally, the appendix gives us basic notions of relativistic kinematics, and lists the main international conferences related to this field. A concise reference book on physics of relativistic heavy ions, it shows the present status of this field.
Download or read book Phenomenology Of Ultra relativistic Heavy ion Collisions written by Wojciech Florkowski and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-03-24 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an introduction to main ideas used in the physics of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The links between basic theoretical concepts (discussed gradually from the elementary to more advanced level) and the results of experiments are outlined, so that experimentalists may learn more about the foundations of the models used by them to fit and interpret the data, while theoreticians may learn more about how different theoretical ideas are used in practical applications. The main task of the book is to collect the available information and establish a uniform picture of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The properties of hot and dense matter implied by this picture are discussed comprehensively. In particular, the issues concerning the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in present and future heavy-ion experiments are addressed.
