Download or read book Towards Better Reference Rate Practices written by Bank for International Settlements and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The report reviews issues in relation to the use and production of reference interest rates from the perspective of central banks. These issues reflect the possible risks for monetary policy transmission and financial stability that may arise from deficiencies in the design of reference interest rates, market abuse, or from market participants using reference interest rates which embody economic exposures other than the ones they actually want or need. In parallel to initiatives in other forums and jurisdictions, including work by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), the European Banking Authority (EBA) / European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the UK Wheatley Review, the report provides recommendations on how to improve reference rate practices from a central bank perspective. The Working Group identifies an urgent need to strengthen the reliability and robustness of existing reference rates and a strong case for enhancing reference rate choice. Both call for prompt action by the private and the public sector."- -Abstract.
Download or read book Towards Better Reference Rate Practices a Central Bank Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The report reviews issues in relation to the use and production of reference interest rates from the perspective of central banks. These issues reflect the possible risks for monetary policy transmission and financial stability that may arise from deficiencies in the design of reference interest rates, market abuse, or from market participants using reference interest rates which embody economic exposures other than the ones they actually want or need. In parallel to initiatives in other forums and jurisdictions, including work by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), the European Banking Authority (EBA) / European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the UK Wheatley Review, the report provides recommendations on how to improve reference rate practices from a central bank perspective. The Working Group identifies an urgent need to strengthen the reliability and robustness of existing reference rates and a strong case for enhancing reference rate choice. Both call for prompt action by the private and the public sector."--Abstract.
Download or read book International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What Are Reference Rates For written by Divya Kirti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the precise role of reference rates? Why does it matter if LIBOR was manipulated? To address these questions, I analyze the use of reference rates in floating-rate loans and interestrate derivatives in the context of lending relationships. I develop a simple framework combining maturity transformation with three key frictions which generate meaningful funding risk and a rationale for risk management. Reference rates like LIBOR mitigate contractual incompleteness, facilitating management of funding risk. As bank funding costs move with bank credit risk, it makes sense for the reference rate to have a bank credit risk component. Manipulation can add noise, reducing the usefulness of reference rates for this purpose.
Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
Download or read book Fixing the Fixings written by V. Brousseau and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest rate derivatives on major currencies, with notional outstanding amounts adding up to hundreds of trillions, are mostly indexed on Libor and Euribor benchmarks, as are hundreds of billions in loans to enterprises, mortgages and other retail loans to the real economy. Yet, the prevailing role of these benchmarks appears to be more a legacy from history rather than reflecting today?s structure of banks? funding. Building on earlier work (Brousseau, Chailloux, Durré, 2009), this paper discusses various options to move towards a new benchmarking system in the money market. It proposes a more ambitious benchmark design that would consist of a trade-weighted index that would systematically pool all short-term wholesale funding operations of banks per tenor.
Download or read book Toward Better Infrastructure written by Riham Shendy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining innovative ways to address Africa’s infrastructure deficit is at the heart of this analysis. Africa’s infrastructure stock and quality is among the least developed in the world, a challenge that significantly hinders economic development. It is estimated that the finance required to raise infrastructure in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) to a reasonable level within the next decade is at US$93 billion per year, with two-thirds of this amount needed for capital expenditures. With the existing spending on infrastructure being estimated at US$45 billion per annum and after accounting for potential efficiency gains that could amount to US$17 billion, Africa’s infrastructure funding gap remains around US$31 billion a year. One approach to address this challenge is by facilitating the increase of private provision of public infrastructure services through public-private partnerships (PPPs). This approach, which is a relatively new arrangement in SSA is multifaceted and requires strong consensus and collaboration across both public and private sectors. There are several defined models of PPPs. Each type differs in terms of government participation levels, risk allocations, investment responsibilities, operational requirements, and incentives for operators. Our definition of PPPs assumes transactions where the private sector retains a considerable portion of commercial and financial risks associated with a project. In more descriptive terms, among the elements defining the notion of PPPs discussed in this study are: a long-term contract between a public and private sector party; the design, construction, financing, and operation of public infrastructure by the private sector; payment over the life of the PPP contract to the private sector party for the services delivered from the asset; and the facility remaining in public ownership or reverting to public sector ownership at the end of the PPP contract. The observations and policy recommendations that follow draw on ongoing World Bank Group PPP engagements in these countries, including extensive consultations with key public and private sector stakeholders involved in designing, financing, and implementing PPPs. The study is structured around the most inhibiting constraints to developing PPPs, as shared by all six countries.
Download or read book Central Bank Balances and Reserve Requirements written by Mr.Simon Gray and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most central banks oblige depository institutions to hold minimum reserves against their liabilities, predominantly in the form of balances at the central bank. The role of these reserve requirements has evolved significantly over time. The overlay of changing purposes and practices has the result that it is not always fully clear what the current purpose of reserve requirements is, and this necessarily complicates thinking about how a reserve regime should be structured. This paper describes three main purposes for reserve requirements - prudential, monetary control and liquidity management - and suggests best practice for the structure of a reserves regime. Finally, the paper illustrates current practices using a 2010 IMF survey of 121 central banks.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Banking Regulation and Reform written by Ismail Ertürk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Banking Regulation and Reform provides a prestigious cutting edge international reference work offering students, researchers and policy makers a comprehensive guide to the paradigm shift in banking studies since the historic financial crisis in 2007. The transformation in banking over the last two decades has not been authoritatively and critically analysed by the mainstream academic literature. This unique collection brings together a multi-disciplinary group of leading authorities in the field to analyse and investigate post-crisis regulation and reform. Representing the wide spectrum of non-mainstream economics and finance, topics range widely from financial innovation to misconduct in banking, varieties of Eurozone banking to reforming dysfunctional global banking as well as topical issues such as off-shore financial centres, Libor fixing, corporate governance and the Dodd-Frank Act. Bringing together an authoritative range of international experts and perspectives, this invaluable body of heterodox research work provides a comprehensive compendium for researchers and academics of banking and finance as well as regulators and policy makers concerned with the global impact of financial institutions.
Download or read book Interest and Prices written by Michael Woodford and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, any pretense of a connection of the world's currencies to any real commodity has been abandoned. Yet since the 1980s, most central banks have abandoned money-growth targets as practical guidelines for monetary policy as well. How then can pure "fiat" currencies be managed so as to create confidence in the stability of national units of account? Interest and Prices seeks to provide theoretical foundations for a rule-based approach to monetary policy suitable for a world of instant communications and ever more efficient financial markets. In such a world, effective monetary policy requires that central banks construct a conscious and articulate account of what they are doing. Michael Woodford reexamines the foundations of monetary economics, and shows how interest-rate policy can be used to achieve an inflation target in the absence of either commodity backing or control of a monetary aggregate. The book further shows how the tools of modern macroeconomic theory can be used to design an optimal inflation-targeting regime--one that balances stabilization goals with the pursuit of price stability in a way that is grounded in an explicit welfare analysis, and that takes account of the "New Classical" critique of traditional policy evaluation exercises. It thus argues that rule-based policymaking need not mean adherence to a rigid framework unrelated to stabilization objectives for the sake of credibility, while at the same time showing the advantages of rule-based over purely discretionary policymaking.
Download or read book Revisiting Risk Weighted Assets written by Vanessa Le Leslé and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we provide an overview of the concerns surrounding the variations in the calculation of risk-weighted assets (RWAs) across banks and jurisdictions and how this might undermine the Basel III capital adequacy framework. We discuss the key drivers behind the differences in these calculations, drawing upon a sample of systemically important banks from Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. We then discuss a range of policy options that could be explored to fix the actual and perceived problems with RWAs, and improve the use of risk-sensitive capital ratios.
Download or read book Mexico written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexican money markets are well-regulated and function efficiently, with significant mitigants to systemic liquidity risks. This is supported by the dominance of the repo market in system-wide liquidity management, the marginal level of interbank unsecured transactions, as well as commercial banks’ full compliance with the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR). However, development banks are not subject to liquidity regulation. These banks have development objectives and the sovereign backstops their capitalization and explicitly guarantees all of their liabilities, however, some of them have a significant reliance on short-term funding with low levels of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets. This might contribute to systemic liquidity risk during periods of extreme market stress in severe tail risk scenarios. Thus, the authorities could consider steps to strengthen the development banks’ liquidity risk management framework by improving the monitoring of their liquidity, leveraging their internal risk committees to take stock of their risk profile and contribution to systemic risk, making use of Pillar 2 requirements, and/or devising appropriate action(s) to improve these entities’ maturity transformation.
Download or read book Kenya written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the approval of a new constitution in 2010, the authorities have embarked on important reforms including fiscal devolution, VAT reform, and the overhaul of the expenditure management framework. Supported by a three-year ECF, which expired in December 2013 with all six reviews completed, Kenya has consolidated macroeconomic stability. Growth has been robust, inflation contained, debt remained sustainable and reserve buffers increased (Tables 1a and 1b and Figures 1 and 2). This progress in a market-friendly environment has continued to attract the interest of foreign investors. As a result, Kenya is recognized as a frontier market increasingly integrated in global financial markets. A Eurobond debut issue of US$2 billion (the largest in SSA so far) took place successfully in June followed by a $750 million re-tap in December.
Download or read book What We Owe Each Other written by Minouche Shafik and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the leading policy experts of our time, an urgent rethinking of how we can better support each other to thrive Whether we realize it or not, all of us participate in the social contract every day through mutual obligations among our family, community, place of work, and fellow citizens. Caring for others, paying taxes, and benefiting from public services define the social contract that supports and binds us together as a society. Today, however, our social contract has been broken by changing gender roles, technology, new models of work, aging, and the perils of climate change. Minouche Shafik takes us through stages of life we all experience—raising children, getting educated, falling ill, working, growing old—and shows how a reordering of our societies is possible. Drawing on evidence and examples from around the world, she shows how every country can provide citizens with the basics to have a decent life and be able to contribute to society. But we owe each other more than this. A more generous and inclusive society would also share more risks collectively and ask everyone to contribute for as long as they can so that everyone can fulfill their potential. What We Owe Each Other identifies the key elements of a better social contract that recognizes our interdependencies, supports and invests more in each other, and expects more of individuals in return. Powerful, hopeful, and thought-provoking, What We Owe Each Other provides practical solutions to current challenges and demonstrates how we can build a better society—together.
Download or read book Interest Rate Models Theory and Practice written by Damiano Brigo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of this successful book has several new features. The calibration discussion of the basic LIBOR market model has been enriched considerably, with an analysis of the impact of the swaptions interpolation technique and of the exogenous instantaneous correlation on the calibration outputs. A discussion of historical estimation of the instantaneous correlation matrix and of rank reduction has been added, and a LIBOR-model consistent swaption-volatility interpolation technique has been introduced. The old sections devoted to the smile issue in the LIBOR market model have been enlarged into a new chapter. New sections on local-volatility dynamics, and on stochastic volatility models have been added, with a thorough treatment of the recently developed uncertain-volatility approach. Examples of calibrations to real market data are now considered. The fast-growing interest for hybrid products has led to a new chapter. A special focus here is devoted to the pricing of inflation-linked derivatives. The three final new chapters of this second edition are devoted to credit. Since Credit Derivatives are increasingly fundamental, and since in the reduced-form modeling framework much of the technique involved is analogous to interest-rate modeling, Credit Derivatives -- mostly Credit Default Swaps (CDS), CDS Options and Constant Maturity CDS - are discussed, building on the basic short rate-models and market models introduced earlier for the default-free market. Counterparty risk in interest rate payoff valuation is also considered, motivated by the recent Basel II framework developments.
Download or read book Banking Theory and Practice 21th Edition written by Shekhar K.C. & Shekhar Lekshmy and published by Vikas Publishing House. This book was released on with total page 1061 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banking Theory and Practice covers the entire gamut of topics in the field of banking–from its evolution to the latest trends. The Indian banking system is undergoing unprecedented changes as a result of new legislations and reforms in response to the contemporary needs. The present edition has kept pace with these developments, including the changes in legislation, growing globalization of banking, as well as the expansion of the banking business to meet the needs of customers for a wider range of services. The book, which was initially aimed to serve the needs of undergraduate students, has over the years deepened and widened in both scope and contents. It is now an essential resource not only for undergraduate students, but also for professional bankers and those who pursue more advanced and practically oriented studies on the subject. KEY FEATURES • Subject matter thoroughly revised and statistical data updated • Covers the move towards universal banking, virtual banking, green banking • Includes flexi bank accounts and speed clearing • Covers Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2011 • A new chapter on Financial Stability, especially in the Indian context • Covers changes in the operating procedure of monetary policy • Payments and settlement system and its development in India, including introduction of NEFT, CTS, National ECS, MICR cheques and RTGS • Learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter • Summary and review questions at the end of each chapter
