Download or read book Towards Accurate Object Tracking Using Acoustic Signal written by Sangki Yun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are living in the era of mobile computing where people are surrounded by many smart devices such as smartphone, smart watch, smart TV, and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets. For them, providing intuitive user interface is crucial to satisfy the needs of the users, but their limited form-factor makes them difficult to support natural user interface. Object tracking can provide new opportunity to design intuitive gesture based user interface. First, it can provide more convenient User interface (UI) than traditional controllers and can be used to control a wide variety of Internet of Things devices. For example, it is difficult to use button based controller in VR headsets because users may not see the controller. By tracking the position of the controller or hand, it can control VR applications more intuitively. Second, it can be used to support motion based gaming, which is getting increasingly popular. In this dissertation, we provide accurate object tracking methods that are useful to design intuitive user interface for mobile systems. In particular, we focus on exploiting the acoustic signal to track the movement of the object. While the vision based and the RF signal based object tracking have been extensively investigated, acoustic signal based tracking has not been under explored. The advantage of the acoustic signal based tracking is that it can be enabled by widely available speakers and microphones and can be processed in software without any extra hardware. Using the acoustic signal, we provide two different ways of tracking: 1) tracking mobile devices such as smartphone and smart watch, and 2) device-free tracking that tracks a hand without wearing a device that exploits the reflected signal from the moving hand. In both scenarios, we provide sufficient tracking accuracy so that the mobile or the hand is used as a mouse in the air. First, we develop a system that can accurately track the movement of a mobile device using the acoustic signal. The device to be controlled (e.g., smart TVs) sends the acoustic signal using its speaker, and the mobile device tracks the movement. More specifically, the tracker sends inaudible sound pulses at a few selected frequencies, and uses the frequency shifts to estimate the speed and distance traveled. We then develop techniques to quickly calibrate the distance between speakers and narrow down the devices initial position using its movement trajectory. Based on the information, we continuously track the devices new position in real time. This is feasible because many devices, such as smart TVs, PCs, and laptops, already have multiple speakers. Our evaluation and user study demonstrate that our system achieves high tracking accuracy (e.g., median error of around 1.4 cm) and ease of use. Next, we provide a device-free motion tracking system. It tracks the movement of the hand relying the reflected acoustic signal, which is more challenging. To realize it, we propose a novel approach that can estimate the distance and velocity using a single chirp signal and combine both information to accurately locate the moving hand. Through micro-benchmarks and user studies, we show our system achieves the medium tracking error of 1.94 cm using 2 speakers and 2 microphones on the same computer. Finally, we improve the accuracy of the device-free tracking so that it is applicable for gesture based user interface for smart watches and VR headsets. We design single carrier based data communication system over acoustic channel and observe the channel impulse responses of the reflected signal. By observing the phase change, we can track the movement of the finger accurately. In our experiments using the speaker and the microphones of the commercial mobile device, we show that the finger movement can be tracked very accurately with the tracking error less than 1 centimeter.
Download or read book Device Free Object Tracking Using Passive Tags written by Jinsong Han and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief examines the use of cheap commercial passive RFID tags to achieve accurate device-free object-tracking. It presents a sensitive detector, named Twins, which uses a pair of adjacent passive tags to detect uncooperative targets (such as intruders). Twins leverages a newly observed phenomenon called critical state that is caused by interference among passive tags. The author expands on the previous object tracking methods, which are mostly device-based, and reveals a new interference model and their extensive experiments for validation. A prototype implementation of the Twins-based intrusion detection scheme with commercial off-the-shelf reader and tags is also covered in this SpringerBrief. Device-Free Object Tracking Using Passive Tags is designed for researchers and professionals interested in smart sensing, localization, RFID and Internet of Things applications. The content is also useful for advanced-level students studying electrical engineering and computer science.
Download or read book Acoustic Signal Processing for Telecommunication written by Steven L. Gay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 158 2. Wiener Filtering 159 3. Speech Enhancement by Short-Time Spectral Modification 3. 1 Short-Time Fourier Analysis and Synthesis 159 160 3. 2 Short-Time Wiener Filter 161 3. 3 Power Subtraction 3. 4 Magnitude Subtraction 162 3. 5 Parametric Wiener Filtering 163 164 3. 6 Review and Discussion Averaging Techniques for Envelope Estimation 169 4. 169 4. 1 Moving Average 170 4. 2 Single-Pole Recursion 170 4. 3 Two-Sided Single-Pole Recursion 4. 4 Nonlinear Data Processing 171 5. Example Implementation 172 5. 1 Subband Filter Bank Architecture 172 173 5. 2 A-Posteriori-SNR Voice Activity Detector 5. 3 Example 175 6. Conclusion 175 Part IV Microphone Arrays 10 Superdirectional Microphone Arrays 181 Gary W. Elko 1. Introduction 181 2. Differential Microphone Arrays 182 3. Array Directional Gain 192 4. Optimal Arrays for Spherically Isotropic Fields 193 4. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 193 4. 2 Maximum Directivity Index for Differential Microphones 195 4. 3 Maximimum Front-to-Back Ratio 197 4. 4 Minimum Peak Directional Response 200 4. 5 Beamwidth 201 5. Design Examples 201 5. 1 First-Order Designs 202 5. 2 Second-Order Designs 207 5. 3 Third-Order Designs 216 5. 4 Higher-Order designs 221 6. Optimal Arrays for Cylindrically Isotropic Fields 222 6. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 222 6. 2 Optimal Weights for Maximum Directional Gain 224 6. 3 Solution for Optimal Weights for Maximum Front-to-Back Ratio for Cylindrical Noise 225 7. Sensitivity to Microphone Mismatch and Noise 230 8.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Advanced Concepts in Real Time Image and Video Processing written by Anwar, Md. Imtiyaz and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological advancements have created novel applications for image and video processing. With these developments, real-world processing problems can be solved more easily. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Concepts in Real-Time Image and Video Processing is a pivotal reference source for the latest research findings on the design, realization, and deployment of image and video processing systems meant for real-time environments. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as feature detection, reconfigurable computing, and stream processing, this publication is an ideal resource for academics, researchers, graduate students, and technology developers.
Download or read book Classical Signal Processing and Non Classical Signal Processing written by Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-02 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expertly unraveling the mysteries and allure of signals, this book explores their profound impact on modern life. From classical techniques to cutting-edge advancements, this comprehensive exploration delves into fundamental concepts such as amplitude, frequency, and phase. With meticulous research and insightful analysis, the author guides readers through topics like Fourier analysis, sampling, quantization, and signal filtering. The book highlights the dynamic relationship between time and frequency domains, statistical signal processing techniques, and the fascinating realm of non-classical signal processing, including wavelet transforms and compressed sensing, and explores diverse applications in audio, speech, image and video processing, biomedical analysis, communications, and sensor fusion. Highlighting emerging trends and future directions, the book illuminates the challenges, opportunities, and potential breakthroughs in signal processing research.
Download or read book Acoustic Sensing on Smart Devices written by Wenguang Mao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart devices, such as smartphones, smartwatches, and smart speakers, become increasingly popular and change people's daily life in a profound way. However, the usability and functionality of these devices are still limited since there lack of effective sensing techniques to understand users and environments. Particularly, the motion and shape of a target, such as a user's hand or a nearby object, are the most important information to understand user behaviors or gain knowledge about environments, but the existing sensors on smart devices cannot capture the fine-grained motion of a target or the shape of an object under darkness or occlusion. To solve this problem, we study novel sensing techniques using acoustic signals. Specifically, we use speakers to play inaudible signals. During the propagation, the signals will be affected by the motion and shape of a target object in a deterministic way. By collecting and analyzing these signals, we can infer such information about the target object. We explore acoustic signals since they are beneficial to achieve high sensing accuracy due to low propagation speed. They are also widely available since most smart devices are equipped with speakers and microphones. In this dissertation, we develop four acoustic sensing systems on smart devices. We first propose two motion tracking systems. They are called device-based tracking and device-free tracking, respectively, according to whether a user needs to carry a device (e.g., a smartphone or smart watch) for tracking purpose. Based on tracking techniques, we design a novel application that allows a drone to automatically follow a user for video taping. Beside motion tracking, we also design acoustic imaging system to sense the object shape under darkness or occlusion. We elaborate these systems as below. First, we develop a device-based motion tracking system that turns a smartphone into a motion controller. It provides a new way to interact with and control video games, VR/AR headsets, and smart appliances. In this system, we use multiple speakers to play inaudible sounds. Based on received signals, the smartphone estimates its distance to various speakers and then derives its position. The key technique in our system is a distributed Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) that can accurately estimate the distance between a pair of unsynchronized speaker and microphone. Moreover, we incorporate MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) with FMCW to minimize the interference caused by multipath. We further develop an optimization framework to combine FMCW estimation with Doppler shifts and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements to enhance the accuracy. We implement the system on a mobile phone and demonstrate that it achieves the millimeter level tracking accuracy with experiments. Second, we develop a device-free motion tracking system that allows users to control smart speakers using their hand gestures. To this end, we develop a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) based system that uses speakers and microphones to realize accurate room-scale tracking. Our system jointly estimates the propagation distance and angle-of-arrival (AoA) of signals reflected by the hand, based on AoA-distance profiles generated by 2D MUSIC. We design a series of techniques to significantly enhance the profile quality under low SNR. We feed the profiles in a recent history to our RNN to estimate the distance and AoA. In this way, we can exploit the temporal structure among consecutive profiles to remove the impact of noise, interference and mobility. We implement the system on a smart speaker development platform. To our best knowledge, this is the first acoustic device-free tracking system working at the room scale. Third, based on the tracking techniques, we develop a novel system that allows a drone to automatically follow a user for video taping indoors. This not only reduces the efforts of human photographers, but also supports video taping in situations where otherwise not possible. To this end, we apply the tracking techniques to determine the relative position between the drone and user and develop a controller based on model predictive control (MPC) framework to control the drone. We solve the practical challenges of applying MPC in our system, including drone modeling, user movement prediction, and integrating the tracking information for control feedback. We implement the system on a commercial drone and show that it can follow a user effectively and maintain a specified following distance and orientation. Fourth, we develop a novel acoustic imaging system only using a smartphone. It is an attractive alternative to camera based imaging under darkness and obstruction. Our system is based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). To image an object, a user moves a smartphone along a predefined trajectory to mimic a virtual sensor array. SAR based imaging poses several new challenges in our context, including strong interference, trajectory errors due to hand jitters, and severe speaker and microphone distortion. We address these challenges by developing a 2-stage interference cancellation scheme, a new algorithm to compensate trajectory errors, and an effective method to minimize the impact of signal distortion. Based on these techniques, we implement the first acoustic imaging system on a commercial smartphone
Download or read book Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing written by Douglas A. Abraham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the detection and processing of signals in underwater acoustics. Background material on active and passive sonar systems, underwater acoustics, and statistical signal processing makes the book a self-contained and valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and active practitioners alike. Signal detection topics span a range of common signal types including signals of known form such as active sonar or communications signals; signals of unknown form, including passive sonar and narrowband signals; and transient signals such as marine mammal vocalizations. This text, along with its companion volume on beamforming, provides a thorough treatment of underwater acoustic signal processing that speaks to its author’s broad experience in the field.
Download or read book Wireless Algorithms Systems and Applications written by Lei Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2022, which was held during October 28-30, 2022. The conference took place in Dalian, China.The 95 full and 62 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 265 submissions. The contributions in algorithms, systems; and applications of internet of things;information processing and data management;radar and sonar networks
Download or read book Visual Object Tracking from Correlation Filter to Deep Learning written by Weiwei Xing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on visual object tracking systems and approaches based on correlation filter and deep learning. Both foundations and implementations have been addressed. The algorithm, system design and performance evaluation have been explored for three kinds of tracking methods including correlation filter based methods, correlation filter with deep feature based methods, and deep learning based methods. Firstly, context aware and multi-scale strategy are presented in correlation filter based trackers; then, long-short term correlation filter, context aware correlation filter and auxiliary relocation in SiamFC framework are proposed for combining correlation filter and deep learning in visual object tracking; finally, improvements in deep learning based trackers including Siamese network, GAN and reinforcement learning are designed. The goal of this book is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in visual object tracking, especially correlation filter and deep learning based methods, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested in the research and technology innovation in visual object tracking and related fields.
Download or read book Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases Applied Data Science Track written by Yuxiao Dong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 5-volume proceedings, LNAI 12457 until 12461 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2020, which was held during September 14-18, 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Ghent, Belgium, but had to change to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 232 full papers and 10 demo papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The volumes are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Pattern Mining; clustering; privacy and fairness; (social) network analysis and computational social science; dimensionality reduction and autoencoders; domain adaptation; sketching, sampling, and binary projections; graphical models and causality; (spatio-) temporal data and recurrent neural networks; collaborative filtering and matrix completion. Part II: deep learning optimization and theory; active learning; adversarial learning; federated learning; Kernel methods and online learning; partial label learning; reinforcement learning; transfer and multi-task learning; Bayesian optimization and few-shot learning. Part III: Combinatorial optimization; large-scale optimization and differential privacy; boosting and ensemble methods; Bayesian methods; architecture of neural networks; graph neural networks; Gaussian processes; computer vision and image processing; natural language processing; bioinformatics. Part IV: applied data science: recommendation; applied data science: anomaly detection; applied data science: Web mining; applied data science: transportation; applied data science: activity recognition; applied data science: hardware and manufacturing; applied data science: spatiotemporal data. Part V: applied data science: social good; applied data science: healthcare; applied data science: e-commerce and finance; applied data science: computational social science; applied data science: sports; demo track.
Download or read book Wireless Sensing written by Jiannong Cao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically presents the wireless sensing technology, which has become a promising sensing paradigm in recent years. It includes the introduction of underlying sensing principles, wireless signals, sensing methodologies and enabled applications. Meanwhile, it provides case studies to demonstrate how wireless sensing is applied for representative human and object sensing applications. This book also provides a wireless sensing framework as a guidance to understand and design a wireless sensing system or prototype based on their needs. It also presents a critical investigation of the challenges in achieving wireless sensing in both signal-level and application-level contexts. Accordingly, it summarizes the typical solutions to tackle the related challenges. Researchers and advanced-level students in computer science or electrical engineering working on the design of a wireless system will find this book useful as a reference. Professionals working in the wireless sensing industry will also find this book valuable as a reference tool.
Download or read book Advances in Sound Localization written by Pawel Strumillo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound source localization is an important research field that has attracted researchers' efforts from many technical and biomedical sciences. Sound source localization (SSL) is defined as the determination of the direction from a receiver, but also includes the distance from it. Because of the wave nature of sound propagation, phenomena such as refraction, diffraction, diffusion, reflection, reverberation and interference occur. The wide spectrum of sound frequencies that range from infrasounds through acoustic sounds to ultrasounds, also introduces difficulties, as different spectrum components have different penetration properties through the medium. Consequently, SSL is a complex computation problem and development of robust sound localization techniques calls for different approaches, including multisensor schemes, null-steering beamforming and time-difference arrival techniques. The book offers a rich source of valuable material on advances on SSL techniques and their applications that should appeal to researches representing diverse engineering and scientific disciplines.
Download or read book Acoustic Signal Processing for Ocean Exploration written by J.M.F Moura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic Signal Processing for Ocean Explortion has two major goals: (i) to present signal processing algorithms that take into account the models of acoustic propagation in the ocean and; (ii) to give a perspective of the broad set of techniques, problems, and applications arising in ocean exploration. The book discusses related issues and problems focused in model based acoustic signal processing methods. Besides addressing the problem of the propagation of acoustics in the ocean, it presents relevant acoustic signal processing methods like matched field processing, array processing, and localization and detection techniques. These more traditional contexts are herein enlarged to include imaging and mapping, and new signal representation models like time/frequency and wavelet transforms. Several applied aspects of these topics, such as the application of acoustics to fisheries, sea floor swath mapping by swath bathymetry and side scan sonar, autonomous underwater vehicles and communications in underwater are also considered.
Download or read book Tides written by David Edgar Cartwright and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the study of the tides over two millennia, from Ancient Greeks to present sophisticated space-age techniques.
Download or read book Algorithms for Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks written by Dorothea Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the outcome of a GI-Dagstuhl Seminar held in Dagstuhl Castle in November 2005. It gives a first overview of algorithmic results on wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Many chapters deal with distributed algorithms. Importance is attached to topics that combine both interesting aspects of wireless networks and attractive algorithmic methods. Each chapter provides a survey of some part of the field, while selected results are described in more detail.
Download or read book Noisy Oceans written by Gaye Bayrakci and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noisy Oceans Measuring devices such as ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones designed to detect earthquakes pick up many other signals. These were previously ignored as background noise from unknown sources, but advanced technology now allows insights into the noise created from icebergs, ships, hydrothermal vents, whales, rain, marine engineering, and more. Noisy Oceans: Monitoring Seismic and Acoustic Signals in the Marine Environment is a comprehensive guide to non-tectonic marine noise originating from different environmental, biological, and anthropogenic sources. Volume highlights include: Overview of marine soundscapes and their sources Existing and new methods for studying acoustic signals Case studies from around the world Spans disciplines from geology and geophysicists to biology Explores the impacts and implications of marine noise The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
