Download or read book Towards a Universal Islamic Lunar Calendar written by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Towards an Islamic Lunisolar Calendar written by Hisham Abad and published by Hisham Abad. This book was released on 2021-04-10 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Calendar was invented in ancient times to allow nations to pace their economic and social activities with climatic seasons. Throughout the history of civilizations, much depended on organizing and administering an accurate calendar. Hunter-gatherers needed the calendar to predict the migrations of herds of wild animals. As humanity advanced, farming communities required calendars to predict the coming of rain or the time of the flooding of rivers. Traders and seafaring communities needed to map the best time of the year to tackle the dangers of seas when sailing far from home. In contemporary times of globalization, calendars have become even more critical in optimizing the complex supply chains of local and global production cycles. Oral traditions ascertain that the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula used a rudimentary lunisolar calendar, called in the literature the “Arabian Calendar.” Like with all nations, the lunisolar Arabian Calendar helped the Arabs organize their meager resources in the best ways possible. For example, research showed that the Ḥajj season and its pan-Arabian markets were scheduled to coincide with the date harvesting season peaking from July to September. The abundance of the date harvest available in this period, along with assigning the concept of inviolability to the Arabian months spanning this season, allowed them to travel across Arabia to Mecca to trade in the pan-Arabian markets and to participate in the religious rituals of their pilgrimage (the Ḥajj). It is asserted in this book that Prophet Muḥammad followed the lunisolar Arabian Calendar all his life. At the end of the tenth year after he migrated from Mecca to Medīna, and during his Farewell Pilgrimage, the Qurʾān sternly abolished the process of intercalation, i.e., the Nasīʾ, the very process which allowed the Arabs to organize their various economic and religious activities. When Caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb initiated the Hijri Calendar seven years after Prophet Muḥammad death, i.e., in 17 AH, he founded it as “purely lunar,” which meant its months were allowed to float within the solar year. Caliph ʿUmar is famous for his zeal in protecting the fundamental Islamic principle of monotheism. This, I show, was the reason for introducing the Hijri Calendar as purely lunar, because “Nasīʾ,” i.e., Quraysh’s method of intercalation was hopelessly entangled with the polytheistic religion of Quraysh, the Prophet’s tribe, and the guardian of the holy places in Mecca and its environs. The harmful effects of following the purely lunar Hijri Calendar were realized from early on. But the prohibition of Nasīʾ inhibited the early Islamic caliphs from reforming the Hijri Calendar. This book explores the history of the Arabian Calendar and its intimate connection with the Hijri Calendar. The main findings of this book are as follows: 1- The main Ḥajj shrines in Macca are aligned in the direction of sunrises and sunsets of the Summer Solstice day. 2- Quraysh intercalated its Arabian Calendar by forcing the Summer Solstice (SS) Day to occur within the 11th month of the Arabian Calendar, Shawwāl. The Nasīʾ month was added when the onset of the SS was about to transfer to into the 11th month Dhū’l Qaʿda. 3- The onset of the SS day was determined through the sunset alignment along the line joining the posts of “al-Wosṭā and al-ʿAqaba Jamarāt, and also by observing the sun rising from behind the peak of mount Thabīr from the location of the sacrificial altar of pre-Islamic Mina. 4- The Prophet arrived in his migration from Mecca to Medīna on the Days of ʿĀshūrāʾ which corresponded to the dates of 8th of Rabīʿ-I, the 10th of the Hebrew month Tishri, and to the 23rd of September 632. 5- The epoch of the Hijri Calendar must be adjusted back by two days from the epoch used so far. 6- The Farewell Pilgrimage occurred in autumn on September 4, 632 CE, not in spring on March 11, 632 CE.
Download or read book Global Flows Local Appropriations written by Sindre Bangstad and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Flows, Local Appropriations; Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims is the first ethnographic study of muslims in Cape Town, South Africa at this level in 25 years. It explores processes of secularisation and re-islamization among Cape Muslims in the context of a post-apartheid South Africa in which liberal and secular values have attained considerable purchase in the new political and social elites. Fractured by status, ethnicity and religious orientation, Cape muslims have responded to these changes through an ambiguous accomodation with the new order. This study explores this development through chapters on conversions to Islam among black Africans in Cape Town, Cape women's experiences with polygyny, Cape muslims and HIV/AIDS, the status of Islam in a prison Cape Town in the post-apartheid era and on contestation over rituals among Cape muslims.
Download or read book The Muslim World Book Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of the Claremont Main Road Mosque Its People and Their Contribution to Islam in South Africa written by Fahmi Gamieldien and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars in the Making The Origins of Calendars from the Roman Empire to the Later Middle Ages written by Sacha Stern and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calendars in the Making investigates the Roman and medieval origins of several calendars we are most familiar with today, including the Christian liturgical calendar, the Islamic calendar, and the week as a standard method of dating and time reckoning.
Download or read book Islamic Traditions and Muslim Youth in Norway written by Christine Jacobsen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a broad range of theorizing in anthropology and the social sciences, this book provides an in-depth ethnographic account of how 'young Muslims' in Norway engage and rework Islamic traditions in a context of international migration, globalization, and secular modernity.
Download or read book Islamic Law and Society written by Emine Enise Yakar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book places context at the core of the Islamic mechanism of iftā’ to better understand the process of issuing fatwās in Muslim and non-Muslim countries, thus highlighting the connection between context and contemporaneity, on one hand, and the adaptable perception of Islamic law, on the other. The practice of iftā’ is one of the most important mechanisms of Islamic law that keeps Islamic thought about ethical and legal issues in harmony with the demands, exigencies and developments of time. This book builds upon the existing body of work related to the practice of iftā’, but takes the discussion beyond the current debates with the intent of unveiling the interaction between Islamic legal methodologies and different environmental contexts. The book specifically addresses the three institutions (Saudi Arabia’s Dār al-Iftā’, Turkey’s Diyanet and America’s FCNA) and their Islamic legal opinions (fatwās) in a comparative framework. This demonstrates the existence of complex and diverse ideas around similar issues within contemporary Islamic legal opinions that is further complicated by the influence of international, social, political, cultural and ideological contexts. The book thus unveils a more complicated range of interactive constituents in the process of the practice of iftā’ and its outputs, fatwās. The work will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of Islamic law, Middle Eastern studies, religion and politics.
Download or read book New Perspectives on the History of Islamic Science written by Muzaffar Iqbal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies in the history of Islamic science based on the discovery and study of new primary texts and instruments have substantially revised the views of nineteenth-century historians of science. This volume presents some of these ground-breaking studies as well as articles which shed new light on the ongoing academic debate surrounding the question of the decline of Islamic scientific tradition.
Download or read book Finding the Lost UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLESUniversal Principles written by Patricia Pillard McCulley and published by Interdimensional Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you ever have questions about life, such as why doesn't it seem to make sense? Or have you ever wondered why things happen as they do? Do you ever ask what is life really about? Perhaps life is like a game, but we don't know the rules and we don't know how to win. What if we are all playing the same game of life, but on different levels? Is the game we play competing with others, or only with ourselves? Is life to be considered as play, rather than the heavy drama it seems sometimes? What are the rules and how do we discover them? Universal Principles and Spiritual Truths answer these questions. They always were, are, and forever will be. They are unchangeable and a solid foundation on which to build your life. Why The Three Little Pigs? You'll have to read the book to discover the secrets they unlock that have been lost for over 100 years!
Download or read book Generation M written by Shelina Janmohamed and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to be young and Muslim today? There is a segment of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims that is more influential than any other, and will shape not just the future of Muslims, but also the world around them: meet 'Generation M'.From fashion magazines to social networking, the 'Mipsterz' to the 'Haloodies', halal internet dating to Muslim boy bands, Generation M are making their mark. Shelina Janmohamed, award-winning author and leading voice on Muslim youth, investigates this growing cultural phenomenon at a time when understanding the mindset of young Muslims is critical. With their belief in an identity encompassing both faith and modernity, Generation M are not only adapting to Western consumerism, but reclaiming it as their own.
Download or read book The New Cambridge History of Islam Volume 3 The Eastern Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries written by David O. Morgan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume traces the second great expansion of the Islamic world eastwards from the eleventh century to the eighteenth. As the faith crossed cultural boundaries, the trader and the mystic became as important as the soldier and the administrator. Distinctive Islamic idioms began to emerge from other great linguistic traditions apart from Arabic, especially in Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Swahili, Malay and Chinese. The Islamic world transformed and absorbed new influences. As the essays in this collection demonstrate, three major features distinguish the time and place from both earlier and modern experiences of Islam. Firstly, the steppe tribal peoples of central Asia had a decisive impact on the Islamic lands. Secondly, Islam expanded along the trade routes of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Thirdly, Islam interacted with Asian spirituality, including Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Taoism and Shamanism. It was during this period that Islam became a truly world religion.
Download or read book A Modern Guide to Astronomical Calculations of Islamic Calendar Times Qibla written by Mohammad Ilyas and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geography of Time Place Movement and Networks Volume 1 written by Stanley D. Brunn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Many Paths Many Truths written by Leo Rastogi, PhD and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever wondered why there is so much religious diversity in the world? How did this story of humanity begin and what ancient wisdom has been lost along the way? Can you believe in God and not be religious? Or simply put, why do human beings have a need to believe in something… anything? This book is a journey through the genesis of faith, the evolution of ancient spiritual practices, the dawn of major world religions and an exploration of the emerging frontiers of New Age spirituality.
Download or read book written by and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The First Arabic Annals written by Edward Zychowicz-Coghill and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earliest development of Arabic historical writing remains shrouded in uncertainty until the 9th century CE, when our first extant texts were composed. This book demonstrates a new method, termed riwāya-cum-matn, which allows us to identify citation-markers that securely indicate the quotation of earlier Arabic historical works, proto-books first circulated in the eighth century. As a case study it reconstructs, with an edition and translation, around half of an annalistic history written by al-Layth b. Saʿd in the 740s. In doing so it shows that annalistic history-writing, comparable to contemporary Syriac or Greek models, was a part of the first development of Arabic historiography in the Marwanid period, providing a chronological framework for more ambitious later Abbasid history-writing. Reconstructing the original production-contexts and larger narrative frames of now-atomised quotations not only lets us judge their likely accuracy, but to consider the political and social relations underpinning the first production of authoritative historical knowledge in Islam. It also enables us to assess how Abbasid compilers combined and augmented the base texts from which they constructed their histories.
