Download or read book Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere written by John A. Klobuchar and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio waves that pass through the earth's ionosphere travel more slowly than their free space velocity due to the group path delay of the ionosphere. This group path delay, directly proportional to the total electron content of the ionosphere, can be an important source of error to VHF, UHF and L-band satellite detection radars and satellite navigation systems. In this report, the current state of knowledge of ionospheric total electron content is outlined, with special emphasis placed on the North Atlantic region of the world due to NATO special requirements of this region. A numerical model of total electron content, valid over the European continent under certain conditions, is presented for systems engineering use for an average background total electron content correction. Typical values of total electron content are also given at various locations in the high, middle, and equatorial latitudes. If the results presented here seem incomplete, it is only because the state of knowledge of the total electron content parameter is still incomplete. With more observational data being taken at many locations, an over-all satisfactory picture of the world-wide behavior of this important parameter is beginning to emerge. (Author).
Download or read book Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere written by John A. Klobuchar and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio waves that pass through the earth's ionosphere travel more slowly than their free space velocity due to the group path delay of the ionosphere. This group path delay, directly proportional to the total electron content of the ionosphere, can be an important source of error to VHF, UHF and L-band satellite detection radars and satellite navigation systems. In this report, the current state of knowledge of ionospheric total electron content is outlined, with special emphasis placed on the North Atlantic region of the world due to NATO special requirements of this region. A numerical model of total electron content, valid over the European continent under certain conditions, is presented for systems engineering use for an average background total electron content correction. Typical values of total electron content are also given at various locations in the high, middle, and equatorial latitudes. If the results presented here seem incomplete, it is only because the state of knowledge of the total electron content parameter is still incomplete. With more observational data being taken at many locations, an over-all satisfactory picture of the world-wide behavior of this important parameter is beginning to emerge.
Download or read book Ionospheric Modeling written by B. S. Dandekar and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pre Earthquake Processes written by Dimitar Ouzounov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States. Volume highlights include: Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo–ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and prediction Written for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.
Download or read book Ionospheric Tomography written by Viacheslav E. Kunitsyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading international researchers, this monograph introduces and reviews developed tomograhic methods for discovering 2D and 3D structures of the ionosphere, and discusses the experimental implementation of these methods. The detailed derivations and explanations make this book an excellent starting point for non-specialists.
Download or read book Modeling the Ionosphere Thermosphere written by J. D. Huba and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of theGeophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201. Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System bringstogether for the first time a detailed description of the physicsof the IT system in conjunction with numerical techniques to solvethe complex system of equations that describe the system, as wellas issues of current interest. Volume highlights includediscussions of: Physics of the ionosphere and thermosphere IT system, and thenumerical methods to solve the basic equations of the ITsystem The physics and numerical methods to determine the globalelectrodynamics of the IT system The response of the IT system to forcings from below (i.e., thelower atmosphere) and from above (i.e., the magnetosphere) The physics and numerical methods to model ionosphericirregularities Data assimilation techniques, comparison of model results todata, climate variability studies, and applications to spaceweather Providing a clear description of the physics of this system inseveral tutorial-like articles, Modeling theIonosphere-Thermosphere System is of value to the upperatmosphere science community in general. Chapters describingdetails of the numerical methods used to solve the equations thatdescribe the IT system make the volume useful to both activeresearchers in the field and students.
Download or read book Total Electron Content and Scintillation Studies of the Ionosphere written by Jules Aarons and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionospheric Radio written by Kenneth Davies and published by IET. This book was released on 1990 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text replaces two earlier publications (Davies 1965, 1969). Among the topics: characteristics of waves and plasma, the solar-terrestrial system, the Appleton formula, radio soundings of the ionosphere, morphology of the ionosphere, oblique propagation, importance of amplitude and phase, earth-space propagation. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Global Positioning System written by Bradford W. Parkinson and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lower Atmosphere Meteorology written by Isidro A Pérez and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atmosphere Special Issue "Lower Atmosphere Meteorology" deals with the meteorological processes that occur in the layer of the atmosphere close to the surface. The interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere is made through the lower layer and can greatly influence living beings and materials. The analysis of the meteorological parameters provides a better understanding of processes within the lower atmosphere and involved in air pollution, climate, and weather. The mixed layer height, the wind speed, and the air parcel trajectory have a relevant interest due to their marked impact on population and energy production. The research also comprises aerosols, clouds, and precipitation, analysing their spatiotemporal variations. This issue addresses features of gases in the atmosphere and anthropogenic greenhouse emission estimates, which are also conditioned by the lower atmosphere meteorology.
Download or read book Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing written by William Emery and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing: Atmosphere, Ocean and Land Applications is the first reference book to cover ocean applications, atmospheric applications, and land applications of remote sensing. Applications of remote sensing data are finding increasing application in fields as diverse as wildlife ecology and coastal recreation management. The technology engages electromagnetic sensors to measure and monitor changes in the earth’s surface and atmosphere. The book opens with an introduction to the history of remote sensing, starting from when the phrase was first coined. It goes on to discuss the basic concepts of the various systems, including atmospheric and ocean, then closes with a detailed section on land applications. Due to the cross disciplinary nature of the authors’ experience and the content covered, this is a must have reference book for all practitioners and students requiring an introduction to the field of remote sensing. Provides study questions at the end of each chapter to aid learning Covers all satellite remote sensing technologies, allowing readers to use the text as instructional material Includes the most recent technologies and their applications, allowing the reader to stay up-to-date Delves into laser sensing (LIDAR) and commercial satellites (DigitalGlobe) Presents examples of specific satellite missions, including those in which new technology has been introduced
Download or read book Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting written by Bruno Zolesi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to predict and forecast the state of planet Earth’s ionosphere under quiet and disturbed conditions in terms of dynamical processes in the weakly ionized plasma media of the upper atmosphere and their relation to available modern measurements and modelling techniques. It explains the close relationship between the state of the media and the radio wave propagation conditions via this media. The prediction and forecasting algorithms, methods and models are oriented towards providing a practical approach to ionospherically dependent systems design and engineering. Proper understanding of the ionosphere is of fundamental practical importance because it is an essential part of telecommunication and navigation systems that use the ionosphere to function or would function much better in its nonappearance on the Earth and on any planet with an atmosphere.
Download or read book Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes written by Sergey Pulinets and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the kind permission given to me by my co-author, this short preface will be written in my name. I want to devote this book to San Juan city in Argentina. It is not only due to the fact that the city was twice completely destroyed after the devastating ear- quakes in 1941 and 1977, but also because my stay there completely changed my life. Changes included changing my career from the field of space plasma physics to Earth sciences and geophysics, and changes in my personal life giving me h- piness and compliance in my present family. Going back to the subject of the book, it should be noted that the history of the question asked by the book is very complicated and intricate. Starting in the 1930s from the observation of seismogenic electric fields, the area of seismo-ionospheric coupling became an area of fighting and conflicts, hopes and frustrations. Spe- lation and misunderstanding on the interdisciplinary borders made this field for many years (even up to now) taboo for so-called "serious scientists". But due to the courageous efforts of several groups in Russia and the former USSR states such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Japan, later France and Taiwan, Greece and Italy the situation started to improve.
Download or read book Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces written by Detlef Stammer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite remote sensing, in particular by radar altimetry, is a crucial technique for observations of the ocean surface and of many aspects of land surfaces, and of paramount importance for climate and environmental studies. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the satellite altimetry techniques and related missions, and reviews the most-up-to date applications to ocean dynamics and sea level. It also discusses related space-based observations of the ocean surface and of the marine geoid, as well as applications of satellite altimetry to the cryosphere and land surface waters; operational oceanography and its applications to navigation, fishing and defense.
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy written by Johannes Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various effects of the atmosphere have to be considered in space geodesy and all of them are described and treated consistently in this textbook. Two chapters are concerned with ionospheric and tropospheric path delays of microwave and optical signals used by space geodetic techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), or Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). It is explained how these effects are best reduced and modelled to improve the accuracy of space geodetic measurements. Other chapters are on the deformation of the Earth’s crust due to atmospheric loading, on atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation, and on atmospheric effects on gravity field measurements from special satellite missions such as CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE. All chapters have been written by staff members of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation at TU Wien who are experts in the particular fields.
Download or read book Mapping and Predicting the Earth s Ionosphere Using the Global Positioning System written by Stefan Schaer and published by . This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dynamical Ionosphere written by Massimo Materassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dynamical Ionosphere: A Systems Approach to Ionospheric Irregularity examines the Earth’s ionosphere as a dynamical system with signatures of complexity. The system is robust in its overall configuration, with smooth space-time patterns of daily, seasonal and Solar Cycle variability, but shows a hierarchy of interactions among its sub-systems, yielding apparent unpredictability, space-time irregularity, and turbulence. This interplay leads to the need for constructing realistic models of the average ionosphere, incorporating the increasing knowledge and predictability of high variability components, and for addressing the difficulty of dealing with the worst cases of ionospheric disturbances, all of which are addressed in this interdisciplinary book. Borrowing tools and techniques from classical and stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science, The Dynamical Ionosphere presents the state-of-the-art in dealing with irregularity, forecasting ionospheric threats, and theoretical interpretation of various ionospheric configurations. Presents studies addressing Earth’s ionosphere as a complex dynamical system, including irregularities and radio scintillation, ionospheric turbulence, nonlinear time series analysis, space-ionosphere connection, and space-time structures Utilizes interdisciplinary tools and techniques, such as those associated with stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science Offers new data-driven models for different ionospheric variability phenomena Provides a synoptic view of the state-of-the-art and most updated theoretical interpretation, results and data analysis tools of the "worst case" behavior in ionospheric configurations
