Download or read book An English and Tongan Vocabulary written by Shirley Waldemar Baker and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tongan Grammar written by Clerk Maxwell Churchward and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Grammar of the Tonga Language written by John Martin and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Tonga written by Gilad James, PhD and published by Gilad James Mystery School. This book was released on with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tonga is a Pacific Island nation located in the south of the Pacific Ocean, west of Fiji and north of New Zealand. It is made up of 169 islands, 36 of which are inhabited. The capital and largest island is Tongatapu, which is home to about two-thirds of the country's population. The Tongan culture is deeply rooted in tradition and is known for its hospitality, respect for elders, and the importance placed on family and community. Tonga is a constitutional monarchy with the King serving as the head of state. The country has a unicameral Parliament, which consists of 26 members: 17 elected by the people and 9 appointed by the King. The economy is largely based on agriculture and fishing, with tourism also playing an important role in recent years. The official language is Tongan, although English is widely spoken, especially in business settings. Despite its small size and limited resources, Tonga has a distinct place in the Pacific and is known for its unique culture, friendly people, and beautiful landscape.
Download or read book Tonga written by Martin Daly and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the first edition: "Tonga is unique among bibliographies in its perception and understanding, and in its affection for Tonga and its people. . . . Daly’s work stands on exceptionally sound foundations. . . . His summaries are excellent, indeed, but Daly writes always with the authority of first-hand knowledge, with a keen eye for the essential, and the ability to interpret and clarify obscurities. . . . A trustworthy introduction to Tonga in all its diversity, a splendid point de départ for all, layman or scholar, needing a reliable guide to the essential literature about this remarkable Polynesian kingdom." —Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies "The book is so arranged that it is easy to locate any of the items listed. . . . I found myself spending pleasant hours perusing Daly’s comments on the different publications.. . . I hope the rumor of a second, revised edition of this bibliography is true." —Journal of the Polynesian Society Tonga is a fascinating and subtle combination of a traditional Polynesian kingdom—the only one to survive the impact of colonization in the nineteenth century and remain independent—and a thoroughly Christian country. This comprehensive bibliography is a selective guide to the most significant and accessible English-language books, papers, and articles on every aspect of the kingdom’s history, culture, arts, politics, environment, and economy. It is a much updated and expanded edition of the original version that was published in 1999 as part of the World Bibliographical Series, with the addition of more than 200 new entries. Each of the approximately 600 described and annotated items is organized under broad subject headings, and indexed by author, title, and subject. In addition—and new to this edition—all known Ph.D. theses, although not annotated, are shown within their appropriate subject categories and indexed. Also new is a section on the most important Tonga-related websites. A general introduction describes the Tongan kingdom, its history and society, and its current situation. Tonga: A New Bibliography will be an invaluable resource for anyone with a serious interest in Tonga and an indispensable volume for academic libraries, reference collections, and policy makers focused on the Pacific islands.
Download or read book An Introduction to the Tongan Language written by Edgar Tu'inukuafe and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers pronunciation notes, topic-based chapters, information about kinship terms, dialogues, etc.
Download or read book A Grammar of Vaeakau Taumako written by Åshild Næss and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaeakau-Taumako, also known as Pileni, is a Polynesian Outlier language spoken in the Reef and Duff Islands in the Solomon Islands' Temotu Province. This is an area of great linguistic diversity and long-standing language contact which has had far-reaching effects on the linguistic situation. Historically, speakers of Vaeakau-Taumako were shipbuilders and navigators who made trade voyages throughout the area, bringing them into constant contact with speakers of the Reefs-Santa Cruz, Utupua and Vanikoro languages. The latter languages are only distantly related to Vaeakau-Taumako, making up an only recently identified first-order subgroup of Oceanic. Polynesian speakers first arrived in the area some 700-1000 years ago from the core Polynesian areas to the east. While today most intra-group communication takes place in Solomon Islands Pijin, traditionally the situation was one of extensive multilingualism, and this has left profound traces in the grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako, which shows a number of structural properties not known from other Polynesian languages. A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako is the most comprehensive grammar of any Polynesian Outlier to date, and the first full-length grammar of any language of Temotu Province. Based on extensive fieldwork, it is structured as a reference grammar dealing with all aspects of language structure, from phonology to discourse organization, and including a selection of glossed texts. It will be of interest to typologists, Oceanic linguists, and researchers interested in language contact. “/P>
Download or read book Social Structure Space and Possession in Tongan Culture and Language written by Svenja Völkel and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary study investigates the relationship between culture, language and cognition based on the aspects of social structure, space and possession in Tonga, Polynesia. Grounded on extensive field research, Volkel explores the subject from an anthropological as well as from a linguistic perspective. The book provides new insights into the language of respect, an honorific system which is deeply anchored in the societal hierarchy, spatial descriptions that are determined by socio-cultural and geocentric parameters, kinship terminology and possessive categories that perfectly express the system of social status inequalities among relatives. These examples impressively show that language is deeply anchored in its cultural context. Moreover, the linguistic structures reflect the underlying cognitive frame of its speakers. Just as several cultural practices (sitting order, access to land and gift exchange processes) the linguistic means are not only expressions of stratified social networks but also tools to maintain or negotiate the underlying socio-cultural system."
Download or read book A grammar of the Tonga language written by John Martin and published by . This book was released on 1825 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hawaiian Grammar written by Samuel H. Elbert and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without question, this is the definitive grammar of the Hawaiian language. Indeed it is the first attempt at a comprehensive treatment of the subject since W. D. Alexander published his concise Short Synopsis of the Most Essential Points in Hawaiian Grammar in 1864. This grammar is intended as a companion to the Hawaiian Dictionary, by the same authors. The grammar was written with every student of the Hawaiian language in mind—from the casual interested layperson to the professional linguist and grammarian. Although it was obviously impossible to avoid technical terms, their use was kept to a minimum, and a glossary is included for those who need its help. Each point of grammar is illustrated with examples, many from Hawaiian-language literature.
Download or read book Becoming Tongan written by Helen Morton and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1996-08-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first detailed account of growing up in Tonga, Helen Morton focuses on the influence of anga fakatonga ("the Tongan way") in all facets of Tongan childhood, from the antenatal period to late adolescence. Childhood is a crucial period when cultural identity and notions of tradition are constructed, as well as beliefs about self, personhood, and emotion. Based on her anthropological fieldwork and her experiences in Tonga over several years, Morton traces the Tongan socialization process—from being vale (ignorant, socially incompetent) to becoming poto (clever, socially competent)—in fascinating detail. The socialization of emotion is also given detailed attention, especially the management of anger and emphasis on emotional restraint.
Download or read book Universal Grammar written by Edward L. Keenan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 15 articles reflects Edward Keenan’s long-standing research interests in the comparative syntax of the languages of the world. It includes two seminal ‘foundation’ articles, Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar (with Bernard Comrie) and Towards a Universal Definition of ‘Subject of’. Most of the other articles have appeared in a variety of relatively inaccessible places, and so this book brings together for the first time a large body of work supporting the research directions taken in the foundation articles. In addition, one article of a psycholinguistic sort was specially prepared for this volume.
Download or read book A Grammar of Rapa Nui written by Paulus Kieviet and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive description of the grammar of Rapa Nui, the Polynesian language spoken on Easter Island. After an introductory chapter, the grammar deals with phonology, word classes, the noun phrase, possession, the verb phrase, verbal and nonverbal clauses, mood and negation, and clause combinations. The phonology of Rapa Nui reveals certain issues of typological interest, such as the existence of strict conditions on the phonological shape of words, word-final devoicing, and reduplication patterns motivated by metrical constraints. For Polynesian languages, the distinction between nouns and verbs in the lexicon has often been denied; in this grammar it is argued that this distinction is needed for Rapa Nui. Rapa Nui has sometimes been characterised as an ergative language; this grammar shows that it is unambiguously accusative. Subject and object marking depend on an interplay of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. Other distinctive features of the language include the existence of a ‘neutral’ aspect marker, a serial verb construction, the emergence of copula verbs, a possessive-relative construction, and a tendency to maximise the use of the nominal domain. Rapa Nui’s relationship to the other Polynesian languages is a recurring theme in this grammar; the relationship to Tahitian (which has profoundly influenced Rapa Nui) especially deserves attention. The grammar is supplemented with a number of interlinear texts, two maps and a subject index.
Download or read book Tongans Overseas written by Helen Morton Lee and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1960s Tongans have been leaving their islands in large numbers and settling in many different nations. Tongans Overseas is a timely look at their settlement experiences as they relate to cultural identity, particularly among the younger generations raised outside Tonga. What does being Tongan mean to these young people? Why do some proudly proclaim and cherish their Tongan identities while others remain ambivalent, confused, or indifferent? Helen Morton Lee's innovative research offers insights into these and many other questions, revealing the complexities of identity construction in the context of migration and the varied ways in which individuals seek a sense of belonging. Using both traditional ethnographic fieldwork and newly popular Internet discussion forums, where young Tongans speak their minds and describe their experiences, Lee has produced the most comprehensive study of Tongan migrants to date. Throughout the book diasporic Tongans speak eloquently about their lives, and case studies of families and individuals bring the analysis to life. Lee explores tensions within overseas communities, especially the intergenerational conflicts that are contributing to the alienation of many young Tongans today.
Download or read book Grammar of the Tongan Language written by John Douglas Whitcombe and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intensive Course in Tongan written by Eric B. Shumway and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deixis Grammar and Culture written by Revere D. Perkins and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1992-12-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many linguists have believed that there is no connection between culture and language structures. This study reviews some of the literature supporting vocabulary connections, hypotheses for other connections, and critical views of this type of hypothesis. Precisely such a connection is developed employing a functional view of language and grammaticization principles. Using a world-wide probability sample of forty-nine languages, an association between culture and the grammatical coding of deictics is tested and statistically found to be corroborated to a very significant extent. Suggestions are included on how some of the concepts used and developed in this study might be extended.
