Download or read book Tone Evolution written by Caiyu Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tono types and Tone Evolution written by Jingfen Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the “multiple-register and four-level” tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.
Download or read book REGIONAL ACCENTED MANDARIN TONE written by HUANGMEI LIU and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has its unique value as the pioneer study on the regional variants of Mandarin by experimental phonetics methods, sociophonetic methods, and AI assisted big data methods. Dialectal Mandarins are commonly well-recognized variations for standards Mandarin that have regional characteristics. This book is divided into four parts. The first part introduces Chinese, Chinese dialects, and Mandarin tones. In part two, the book makes a comprehensive and systematic comparison among Beijing Mandarin, Shanghai Mandarin, and Guangzhou Mandarin as the three major Mandarin variants by both the experimental phonetic methods and by using deep learning method. In the deep learning chapter, this book explores whether deep learning can recognize regional dialects patterns from the large amounts of data, and whether it can successfully identify the tonal system of each region’s dialects. The experimental results show that deep learning performs perfectly well in regional dialect recognition and tonal system learning. Liu Yuxuan, a student from USST, provided important technical support for the deep learning experiment. The third part further deepens the research perspective, and studies the geographically close subregional Mandarin. This part involves both acoustic research and perceptual research on three geographically close subregional dialects of Mandarin. The last part is a report on two experiments investigating dialectal experience’s role in predicting listeners’ subjective depiction on both non-categorical and categorical tonal variants of the official language, Putonghua. The dialectal resources recorded in this book are also valuable. The book is supposed to contribute to new progress in academic study on language variation, language evolution, experimental phonetics methods, as well as AI programming.
Download or read book The Evolution of Englishes written by Sarah Buschfeld and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-part volume provides a collection of 27 linguistic studies and contributions that shed light on the evolution of different Englishes world-wide (varieties, learner Englishes, dialects, creoles) from a broad spectrum of different perspectives, including both synchronic and diachronic approaches. What makes the volume unique is that it is the first-ever contribution to the field which includes a section exclusively commited towards testing, discussing and refining Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model against recent realities of English world-wide (Part 1). These realities include a wide variety of case studies ranging from regions (socio)linguistically as diverse as South Africa, the Phillipines, Cyprus or Germany. Part 2 goes beyond the Dynamic Model and offers both empirical and theoretical perspectives on the evolution of World Englishes. In doing so, it provides contributions with a theoretical focus on the topic as well as cross-varietal accounts; it sheds light on individual Englishes from different geographical regions and offers new perspectives on “old” varieties.
Download or read book Evolutionary Syntax written by Ljiljana Progovac and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Ljiljana Progovac proposes a gradualist, adaptationist approach to the evolution of syntax, subject to natural selection. She provides a specific framework for its study, combining the fields of evolutionary biology, theoretical syntax, typology, neuroscience, and genetics. The author pursues an internal reconstruction of the stages of grammar based on the syntactic theory associated with Chomskyan Minimalism and arrives at specific, testable hypotheses, which are then corroborated by an abundance of theoretically analysed 'living fossils' drawn from a variety of languages. Her approach demonstrates that these fossil structures do not just coexist alongside more modern structures, but are in fact built into the very foundation of more complex structures, leading to quirks and complexities that are suggestive of a gradualist evolutionary scenario. By reconstructing a particular path along which syntax evolved, Evolutionary Syntax sheds light on the crucial properties of language design itself, as well as on the major parameters of crosslinguistic variation. As a result, this reconstruction can be meaningfully correlated with both the hominin timeline and the ever-growing body of genetic evidence that is available.
Download or read book The Problem of Human Life Embracing the evolution of Sound and evolution Evolved written by Alexander Wilford Hall and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Evolutionary Computing written by Franz Rothlauf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of six workshops on evolutionary computing, EvoWorkshops 2005, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in March/April 2005. The 56 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 143 submissions. In accordance with the six workshops covered, the papers are organized in topical sections on evolutionary bioinformatics; evolutionary computing in communications, networks, and connected systems; hardware optimization techniques; evolutionary computation in image analysis and signal processing; evolutionary music and art; and evolutionary algorithms in stochastic and dynamic environments.
Download or read book The Problem of Human Life Embracing the evolution of Sound and evolution Evolved with a Review of the Six Great Modern Scientists Darwin Huxley Tyndall Haeckel Helmholtz and Mayer written by Alexander Wilford Hall and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Biological Information written by Christoph Adami and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-16 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why information is the unifying principle that allows us to understand the evolution of complexity in nature More than 150 years after Darwin’s revolutionary On the Origin of Species, we are still attempting to understand and explain the amazing complexity of life. Although we now know how evolution proceeds to build complexity from simple ingredients, quantifying this complexity is still a difficult undertaking. In this book, Christoph Adami offers a new perspective on Darwinian evolution by viewing it through the lens of information theory. This novel theoretical stance sheds light on such matters as how viruses evolve drug resistance, how cells evolve to communicate, and how intelligence evolves. By this account, information emerges as the central unifying principle behind all of biology, allowing us to think about the origin of life—on Earth and elsewhere—in a systematic manner. Adami, a leader in the field of computational biology, first provides an accessible introduction to the information theory of biomolecules and then shows how to apply these tools to measure information stored in genetic sequences and proteins. After outlining the experimental evidence of the evolution of information in both bacteria and digital organisms, he describes the evolution of robustness in viruses; the cooperation among cells, animals, and people; and the evolution of brains and intelligence. Building on extensive prior work in bacterial and digital evolution, Adami establishes that (expanding on Dobzhansky’s famous remark) nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of information. Understanding that information is the foundation of all life, he argues, allows us to see beyond the particulars of our way of life to glimpse what life might be like in other worlds.
Download or read book Artificial Evolution written by Evelyne Lutton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Evolution, EA 2017, held in Paris, France, in October 2017. The 16 revised papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the field of artificial evolution, such as evolutionary computation, evolutionary optimization, co-evolution, artificial life, population dynamics, theory, algorithmics and modeling, implementations, application of evolutionary paradigms to the real world (industry, biosciences, ...), other biologically-inspired paradigms (swarm, artificial ants, artificial immune systems, cultural algorithms...), memetic algorithms, multi-objective optimisation, constraint handling, parallel algorithms,, dynamic optimization, machine learning and hybridization with other soft computing techniques.
Download or read book Intervals Scales Tones and the Concert Pitch C written by Maria Renold and published by Temple Lodge Publishing. This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is it that certain intervals, scales, and tones sound genuine, while others sound false? Is the modern person able to experience a qualitative difference in a tone's pitch? If so, what are the implications for modern concert pitch and how instruments of fixed tuning are tuned? Renold tackles these and many other questions and provides a wealth of scientific data. Her pioneering work is the result of a lifetime of research into the Classical Greek origin of Western music and the search for modern developments. She deepens our musical understanding by using Rudolf Steiner's spiritual science as a basis, and she elucidates many of his puzzling statements about music. The results of her work include the following discoveries: - The octave has two sizes (a 'genuine' sounding octave is bigger than the "perfect octave") - There are three sizes of "perfect fifths" - An underlying "form principle" for all scales can be found - Equal temperament is not the most satisfactory method of tuning a piano - She provides a basis for some of Steiner's statements, such as, "C is always prime" and "C = 128 Hz = Sun." Intervals, Scales, Tones is a valuable resource for those who wish to understand the deeper, spiritual aspects of music.
Download or read book The Evolution of the Chinese Language written by Joseph Edkins and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Brief History of the Chinese Language II written by Xi Xiang and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the second volume of a multivolume set on Chinese phonetics, this book examines the phonetical systems of Middle Chinese and phonetical changes from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese. Chinese language history is generally split into three phases: (1) Old Chinese, the form of the Chinese language spoken between the 18th century BCE and the 3rd century CE; (2) Middle Chinese, between the 4th century CE to around the 12th century CE; and (3) Modern Chinese, since the 13th century. This volume studies the phonological system of Middle Chinese, including the initials system, finals system, and tonal system, examining the evolution of these systems from the period of Old Chinese to that of Middle Chinese. This comprehensive groundwork on Chinese phonetical history will be a must read for scholars and students studying Chinese language, linguistics and, especially, for beginning learners of Middle Chinese phonetics.
Download or read book Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History written by Richard VanNess Simmons and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text presents cutting-edge research into issues regarding prestige colloquial languages in China in their spoken forms and as well as their relationship to written forms and the colloquial literary language. These include the standard regional languages and prestige dialects of the past, the influence of historical forms of spoken Chinese on written Chinese, the history of guānhuà and the history of báihuà, proto-dialects and supra-regional common languages (koines), and their relationship to spoken dialects. The various studies in this collection focus on the dialect groups with the most substantial written tradition, including Mandarin, Wu, Min, and Cantonese, in north, central and eastern coastal, and southern China respectively. The contributors explore the histories of these dialects in their written and spoken forms, presenting a variegated view of the history and development of the regional forms, including their evolution and influence. This edited volume expands our understanding of the underlying factors in the formation of supra-regional common languages in China, and the written forms to which they gave rise. It broadens our understanding of the evolution of written and spoken forms of Chinese from a comparative perspective, revealing the interrelationships of various areal forms of Chinese and historical koines in China. “This is a rigorous and cohesive collection of articles important to our understanding of the development of the current modern varieties, and also to our understanding of the creation and interpretation of the texts themselves. Anyone interested in empirical work on Chinese dialects would find this of interest.” —Randy J. LaPolla (羅仁地), Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (FAHA) “The history of Chinese dialects and Mandarin is a source of interest for many scholars. It is rare, however, to meet a collection that addresses the history and appearance of writing in such a detailed and unconventional way. This unique volume deepens our understanding and offers new insights into established scholarship. A highly recommended publication.” —Marinus van den Berg (范德博), Editor of the Journal of Asian Pacific Communication (JAPC)
Download or read book Sensing Software Evolution Paperback Black and White written by Sandro Boccuzzo and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-09-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As software evolves, it increases in size, it undergoes many changes and becomes more and more complex such that it gets hard to comprehend it. To understand this abstract manner of software, research has attempted to simplify the understanding. One form of simplifying the understanding is to visualize software. Over the years, research in software visualization brought various solutions to address a software's complexity. Some visualizations used hierarchies and showed the packages, classes and methods to get an understanding of a software's structure. Others calculated metrics out of changes, hierarchies and relations of entities and present the software in a problem-oriented way. We focus on improving the perception of software in our first step. Our general approach is to use objects known from our daily life such as the simple shape of a house to represent software components.
Download or read book The Diachrony of Tone Sandhi written by Qing Lin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the diachronic change of the tone sandhi of Southern Min Chinese, which is known for its synchronic arbitrariness and opacity. It argues that in final-prominent tone sandhi, the change of final tones and the change of non-final tones can be highly independent and essentially different from each other. Accordingly, it proposes a new position-based diachronic approach to study the separate evolution of tones occurring at different positions. This book is the first study to rigorously and systematically explore the diachrony of Southern Min tone sandhi.
Download or read book Tibeto Burman Tonology written by Alfons Weidert and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph lays the foundation for a prosodological theory of Tibeto-Burman languages within a comparative and reconstructional framework. It is primarily based on data collections of mostly unknown languages on which the author worked for more than 10 years on several projects. This comparative study of tonology represents a significant contribution not only to the historical-comparative study of Tibeto-Burman, but also to the larger field of linguistic theory, especially now that the subject increasingly begins to be approached along diachronic lines. With this in mind, it is hoped that this work will provoke future research in the field.
