Download or read book Tissue Engineering of Temporomandibular Joint Cartilage written by Kyriacos Athanasiou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009-07-08 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a site of intense morbidity for millions of people, especially young, pre-menopausal women. Central to TMJ afflictions are the cartilaginous tissues of the TMJ, especially those of the disc and condylar cartilage, which play crucial roles in normal function of this unusual joint. Damage or disease to these tissues significantly impacts a patient's quality of life by making common activities such as talking and eating difficult and painful. Unfortunately, these tissues have limited ability to heal, necessitating the development of treatments for repair or replacement. The burgeoning field of tissue engineering holds promise that replacement tissues can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical, biochemical, and anatomical characteristics of the disc and condylar cartilage, and also provides a historical perspective of past and current TMJ treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about the TMJ, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of TMJ tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: The Temporomandibular Joint / Fibrocartilage of the TMJ Disc / Cartilage of the Mandibular Condyle / Tissue Engineering of the Disc / Tissue Engineering of the Mandibular Condyle / Current Perspectives

Download or read book Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Techniques written by Dimitrios D. Nikolopoulos and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteochondral defects can be challenging to treat, first, because the damaged articular cartilage has a poor intrinsic reparative capability, and second, because these defects cause chronic pain and serious disability. That is why cartilage repair remains one of the most challenging issues of musculoskeletal medicine. Arthroscopic and open techniques that have been developed over the last two decades intend to promote the success of complete repair of the articular cartilage defects; nevertheless, these therapies cannot always offer 100% success. Nowadays, cartilage tissue engineering is an emerging technique for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. Taking into consideration these perspectives, this book aims to present a summary of cartilage tissue engineering, including development, recent progress, and major steps taken toward the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue. Special emphasis is placed on the role of stimulating factors, including growth factors, gene therapies, as well as scaffolds, including natural, synthetic, and nanostructured.

Download or read book Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering written by Kyriacos Athanasiou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartilage injuries in children and adolescents are increasingly observed, with roughly 20% of knee injuries in adolescents requiring surgery. In the US alone, costs of osteoarthritis (OA) are in excess of $65 billion per year (both medical costs and lost wages). Comorbidities are common with OA and are also costly to manage. Articular cartilage's low friction and high capacity to bear load makes it critical in the movement of one bone against another, and its lack of a sustained natural healing response has necessitated a plethora of therapies. Tissue engineering is an emerging technology at the threshold of translation to clinical use. Replacement cartilage can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of articular cartilage in both normal and pathological states, through development and aging. It also provides a historical perspective of past and current cartilage treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. Methods and standards for evaluating the function of engineered tissues are discussed, and current cartilage products are presented with an analysis on the United States Food and Drug Administration regulatory pathways that products must follow to market. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about articular cartilage, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of articular cartilage tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: Hyaline Articular Cartilage / Cartilage Aging and Pathology / In Vitro / Bioreactors / Future Directions

Download or read book Tissue Engineering of Cartilage and Bone written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-22 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue engineering takes advantages of the combined use of cultured living cells and three-dimensional scaffolds to reconstruct adult tissues that are absent or malfunctioning. This book brings together scientists and clinicians working on a variety of approaches for regenerating of damaged or lost cartilage and bone to assess the progress of this dynamic field. In its early days, tissue engineering was driven by material scientists who designed novel bio-resorbable scaffolds on which to seed cells and grow tissues. This ground-breaking work generated high expectations, but there have been significant stumbling blocks holding back the widespread use of these techniques in the clinic. These challenges, and potential ways of overcoming them, are given thorough coverage in the discussions that follow each chapter. The key questions addressed in this book include the following. How good must cartilage repair be for it to be worthwhile? What is the best source of cells for tissue engineering of both bone and cartilage? Which are the most effective cell scaffolds? What are the best preclinical models for these technologies? And when it comes to clinical trials, what sort of outcome measures should be used? With contributions from some of the leading experts in this field, this timely publication will prove essential reading for anyone with an interest in the field of tissue engineering.

Download or read book Tissue Engineering of Temporomandibular Joint Cartilage written by Kyriacos Athanasiou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a site of intense morbidity for millions of people, especially young, pre-menopausal women. Central to TMJ afflictions are the cartilaginous tissues of the TMJ, especially those of the disc and condylar cartilage, which play crucial roles in normal function of this unusual joint. Damage or disease to these tissues significantly impacts a patient's quality of life by making common activities such as talking and eating difficult and painful. Unfortunately, these tissues have limited ability to heal, necessitating the development of treatments for repair or replacement. The burgeoning field of tissue engineering holds promise that replacement tissues can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical, biochemical, and anatomical characteristics of the disc and condylar cartilage, and also provides a historical perspective of past and current TMJ treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about the TMJ, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of TMJ tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: The Temporomandibular Joint / Fibrocartilage of the TMJ Disc / Cartilage of the Mandibular Condyle / Tissue Engineering of the Disc / Tissue Engineering of the Mandibular Condyle / Current Perspectives

Download or read book Functional Articular Cartilage Engineering for Regenerating the Patellofemoral and Temporomandibular Joints written by Le W. Huwe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Articular cartilage degeneration, due to injury and osteoarthritis, is an irreversible disease condition with existing treatment options. Damaged cartilage in the patellofemoral and temporomandibular joints are met with unsatisfactory treatment options that often fail to halt the disease progression. Tissue engineering aims to solve this unmet need by engineering a functional replacement tissue as well as by promoting a healthy regenerative environment within the damaged joint. A key component in engineering neocartilage with such properties is the cell source. Costal chondrocytes of the rib cage have recently been recognized for their ability to form robust cartilage implants. However, clinical translation of this cell source is still hindered because mechanical properties of the engineered implants need to be improved, and treatment with the engineered implant needs to be demonstrated in an appropriate preclinical model. Toward translating tissue engineering technologies to clinical applications, the global objectives of this research are: 1) to engineer biomimetic cartilage implants from costal chondrocytes, through the development of mechanical stimulation techniques, and 2) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of engineered cartilage implants orthotopically in a relevant large animal model. To address these objectives, this research 1) confirmed costal chondrocytes, of non-articular cartilage origin, to be appropriate for use in articular joints, 2) designed and developed compressive stimulation regimens that improved the compressive properties of neocartilage, 3) designed and developed tensile stimulation regimens that enhanced the tensile properties and anisotropy of neocartilage, and 4) investigated the safety and efficacy of neocartilage in healing an orthotopic defect in a minipig model. Costal chondrocytes were confirmed to be suitable for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Costal cartilage is densely populated with chondrocytes, rendering a good donor source of cells. Neocartilage derived from passaged costal chondrocytes, through the self-assembling process, were cohesive and robust. When compared to the native articular cartilage of the patellofemoral joint for their potential as a replacement tissue, the implants exhibited 45% of native cartilage salient properties. These results indicated that costal chondrocytes are suitable for articular cartilage tissue engineering, with the potential for further improvement with mechanical stimulation. Neocartilage derived from costal chondrocytes was shown for the first time to respond to mechanical stimulation, in particular, the passive axial compressive stimulation. During the self-assembling process, neocartilage in the matrix synthesis phase and maturation phase are amenable to passive axial compression, providing flexibly in the timing of the stimulation. When compressive magnitude was examined, 3.3 kPa and 5 kPa were found efficacious in improving neocartilage compressive properties. Stimulation with a higher magnitude was found ineffective. Neocartilage tensile properties were improved through the application of a bioactive regimen (TGF-[beta]1, chondroitinase ABC, and lysyl oxidase like 2). This work demonstrated that mechanical and bioactive stimuli are both critical in creating mechanically robust neocartilage from costal chondrocytes. Further improvements in tensile properties were achieved with tensile stimulation. A beneficial tensile stimulation regimen has not been achieved in prior studies; this work showed for the first time that tensile stimulation, especially continuous tensile stimulation, was highly effective in creating neocartilage with native tissue-like tensile properties. Anisotropy was also achieved with this stimulation. Therefore, this research contributed significantly toward overcoming two of the major challenges posed by cartilage tissue engineering. The examination of this regimen in a human chondrocyte-derived neocartilage also showed that tensile stimulation was beneficial toward neocartilage development and mechanical robustness, demonstrating the translation potential of this stimulation regimen. Finally, robust neocartilage implants, derived from costal chondrocytes and improved through mechanical and bioactive stimuli, showed safety and efficacy when examined orthotopically in a large animal model. A novel surgical technique, called the intra-laminar fenestrated technique, was successfully developed and implemented to model TMJ disc thinning in vivo. Neocartilage implants, of allogeneic origin, did not provoke any adverse immunological response from the host. They were effective in promoting repair tissue formation in the defect and integration between implant and native tissue, resulting in closing and healing of the defect. Overall, this research made strides in bringing tissue engineered neocartilage implants from a clinically relevant cell source toward a translational pathway. The successful engineering of implants and demonstrated treatment of an orthotopic defect established the foundational work for future preclinical studies. With further research, scaffold-free tissue engineered implants could significantly widen clinical treatment options for patients suffering from patellofemoral and temporomandibular joint degeneration.

Download or read book Bone and Cartilage Engineering written by Ulrich Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone and Cartilage Engineering provides a complete overview of recent knowledge in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. It follows a logical approach to the various aspects of extracorporal bone and cartilage tissue engineering. The cooperation between a basic scientist and a clinician made it possible to structure the book's content and style according to the interdisciplinary character of the field. The comprehensive nature of the book, including detailed descriptions of laboratory procedures, preclinical approaches, clinical applications, and regulatory issues, will make it an invaluable basis for everyone working in this field. This book will serve as a fundamental tool for basic researchers to establish or refine tissue engineering techniques as well as for clinicians to understand and use this modern therapeutic option.

Download or read book Temporomandibular Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), are a set of more than 30 health disorders associated with both the temporomandibular joints and the muscles and tissues of the jaw. TMDs have a range of causes and often co-occur with a number of overlapping medical conditions, including headaches, fibromyalgia, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome. TMDs can be transient or long-lasting and may be associated with problems that range from an occasional click of the jaw to severe chronic pain involving the entire orofacial region. Everyday activities, including eating and talking, are often difficult for people with TMDs, and many of them suffer with severe chronic pain due to this condition. Common social activities that most people take for granted, such as smiling, laughing, and kissing, can become unbearable. This dysfunction and pain, and its associated suffering, take a terrible toll on affected individuals, their families, and their friends. Individuals with TMDs often feel stigmatized and invalidated in their experiences by their family, friends, and, often, the health care community. Misjudgments and a failure to understand the nature and depths of TMDs can have severe consequences - more pain and more suffering - for individuals, their families and our society. Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care calls on a number of stakeholders - across medicine, dentistry, and other fields - to improve the health and well-being of individuals with a TMD. This report addresses the current state of knowledge regarding TMD research, education and training, safety and efficacy of clinical treatments of TMDs, and burden and costs associated with TMDs. The recommendations of Temporomandibular Disorders focus on the actions that many organizations and agencies should take to improve TMD research and care and improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with a TMD.

Download or read book Cartilage Tissue Engineering written by Martin J. Stoddart and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book brings together a collection of methodologies, from the most basic to the more complex, that provides researchers with a platform they can use to embark on a cartilage research career. To aid in the search for novel therapies for cartilage regeneration, this volume addresses 3D cartilage models, challenges associated with RNA and protein extraction, imaging, gene transfer, as well as stable differentiation and variations in cell phenotype from different tissue origins. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Cartilage Tissue Engineering serves as an ideal guide for researchers working to advance the vital study of cartilage biology and repair.

Download or read book Articular Cartilage written by Kyriacos A. Athanasiou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. The authors take an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science and detailed methological approaches. It is designed to be an all encompassing encyclopedia of articular cartilage. Written at a level that allows wide accessibility, the book’s comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other books.

Download or read book Effect of Fluid Flow on Tissue engineered Cartilage in a Novel Bioreactor written by Christopher Vinson Gemmiti and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this thesis is to employ a novel flow bioreactor to improve matrix composition and mechanical properties of cartilage constructs for load-bearing applications. Improving the matrix components and mechanical stability of the tissue to be more similar to that of native tissue may improve the ability of the tissue to function in vivo. Our central hypothesis is that exposure of three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free, tissue-engineered cartilage constructs to physiologically-inspired forces in a novel bioreactor system will enhance cartilage matrix synthesis, leading to more robust mechanical properties. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Download or read book A Scaffold Free Approach to Optimizing a Biomimetic TMJ Disc written by Regina Faye MacBarb and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or jaw joint, is one of the least understood and under-researched joints of the body. Responsible for the hinging motion of the jaw, correct TMJ function is critical to both talking and chewing. Integral to proper TMJ function is the presence of a biconcave fibrocartilaginous disc situated between the articulating surfaces of the TMJ. This disc serves the role of enhancing load distribution and providing shock absorption, similar to the functions of the menisci of the knee joint and the intervertebral discs of the spine. Unfortunately, the TMJ disc, like all fibrocartilaginous tissues of the body, is unable to repair itself following disease- or injury-induced degradation associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). While current clinical options can address the painful symptoms associated with early TMD, they are unable to prevent further degradation of the joint. It is, therefore, critical that long-term clinical treatments be established to address the approximately 10 million individuals affected by severe TMD in the United States alone. Tissue engineering approaches may offer new hope for those suffering from severe TMD. Motivated by the potential of tissue engineering, this thesis had two global objectives: 1) to develop and optimize a biomimetic TMJ disc neotissue to repair or replace discs damaged by early TMD, and 2) to identify a treatment modality that promotes neotissue maturation and fosters integration between self-assembled neofibrocartilage and native TMJ disc tissue. Toward the first goal, while compressive properties of neofibrocartilage constructs have previously been promoted to reach native tissue values, their tensile properties severely lag behind. Thus, this thesis sought to tailor the use of exogenous agents to promote TMJ disc-specific extracellular matrix organization in engineered fibrocartilage. To begin, a treatment regimen consisting of the biophysical agent chondroitinase-ABC (C-ABC) and the biochemical agent transforming growth factor-[beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1) was optimized to enhance the functional properties of self-assembled neofibrocartilage constructs. This optimized regimen of bioactive agents was then combined with biomechanical stimulation via passive axial compressive loading to drive the in vitro development of self-assembled, TMJ disc-shaped neotissues toward attaining the anisotropic functionality of the native disc. Finally, the passive axial compressive loading mechanism was further optimized to drive tissue-specific matrix organization and, thus, functional anisotropy in TMJ disc-shaped neotissues. Toward the second goal of this thesis, achieving integration between native fibrocartilage and engineered repair tissues is a significant challenge, as the wound edges of fibrocartilaginous defects are metabolically inactive, greatly hindering integration. Integration, however, is critical to graft success, as it ensures that the implant remains stabilized and is, therefore, able to competently function in vivo. To address this challenge, the bioactive agent regimen previously developed was combined with exogenous application of the enzyme responsible for collagen crosslinking, lysyl oxidase (LOX), on neofibrocartilage constructs. The combination of LOX+C-ABC+TGF-[beta]1 was found to synergistically enhance the tensile properties of engineered neofibrocartilage to values on par with native tissue. Further, translating this technology to both an in vitro and in vivo fibrocartilage defect model found this combination pre-treatment to prime the neofibrocartilage constructs for significantly enhanced integration potential with native TMJ disc neotissue. Specifically, the tensile properties of the integration interface achieved in vivo were on par with intact native fibrocartilage properties. Overall, through 1) engineering a biomimetic, functionally anisotropic TMJ disc-shaped neotissue and 2) establishing novel methods to promote neofibrocartilage integration, this thesis provides a foundation toward achieving a clinically relevant repair tissue to help treat TMD before they compromise a patient's entire joint. Further, methods developed in this study have the potential to be translated toward development of other clinically relevant tissues to aid patients suffering from any type of fibrocartilage pathology.

Download or read book Articular Cartilage written by Kyriacos A. Athanasiou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well-known for their inability to heal, articular cartilage injuries often degenerate inexorably to disastrous impairment. Multitudes of treatments have been devised for this problem, but no satisfactory long-term solutions have been established. Written by world-class experts, Articular Cartilage covers the latest research and advancements related to biology, development, pathology, clinical applications, and tissue engineering. This book is useful for rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, cartilage biologists, and cartilage engineers as well as for professionals working in the orthopaedic and other musculoskeletal industries. This book also belongs in the library of primary care physicians, gerontologists, physical therapists, kinesiologists, and chiropractors. Written at a level that allows accessibility to a wide audience, it provides an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science, and detailed methodologic approaches. The authors examine the major events and signaling molecules that lead to development of articular cartilage from precursor cells, and the changes in cartilage as it matures and ages. They focus on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches for cartilage injury and the major arthritides that affect cartilage and the synovial joints such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. They supply an up-to-date overview of the field of tissue engineering as applied to articular cartilage repair. They examine a number of methods used to assess structure, composition, biology, and biomechanical function. Each chapter contains extensive references to enhance additional study. The book’s comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other tissue engineering or developmental biology-based books available. It includes important discussions and perspectives on many of the remaining challenges and opportunities in the development and translation of new approaches for treating diseases of articular cartilage. It also provides detailed working protocols for many of the methods used to study articular cartilage, coverage of current treatment options, and business and regulatory aspects of the development of cartilage products. It provides a deeper understanding that will help with the development of new products and clinical applications.

Download or read book Cartilage From Biology to Biofabrication written by Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of cartilage structure, functions, and approaches for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. It reviews multiple signaling pathways that are involved in the growth and repair of cartilage tissue. The initial chapter of the book examines the etiology, diagnosis, and pathological features of various cartilage diseases. Subsequently, the book presents recent advances in biomaterial sciences, regenerative medicine, and fabrication technology for cartilage regeneration. It discusses hydrogels as a promising scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, focusing on recapitulating microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Lastly, it covers the applications of 3 D printing techniques for the fabrication of scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration for the production of biological implants capable of treating a range of conditions.

Download or read book Tissue Engineering written by Samuel E. Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition reflects the remarkable clinical and scientific advances in bone and soft tissue reconstruction since publication of the first edition of this award-winning book 7 years ago. Highly potent recombinant growth factors are now widely available, and numerous chapters describe and provide cases illustrating how to incorporate these protein therapeutics into clinical practice. The reader will find information about the basic principles of tissue engineering, use of growth factors in orthopedics, and potential applications of gene therapy in dentistry. The book also features chapters on periodontal regeneration and localized implant site development. A section on applications for craniofacial reconstruction describes procedures for use of growth factors in the treatment of defects. The final section addresses orthopedic indications for tissue engineering. An invaluable, up-to-date resource for practitioners wanting to integrate tissue engineering into their clinical practice, researchers seeking inspiration for new directions, and those new to this fascinating field.

Download or read book Temporomandibular Joint Surgery An Issue of Atlas of the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics E book written by Florencio Monje Gil and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-09-21 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Florencio Monje Gil brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Temporomandibular Joint Surgery. TMJ disorders affect 12% or more of the population in the U.S. alone, primarily women in their childbearing years. In this issue, top experts in the field provide comprehensive, current tutorials of every major TMJ surgery, including articles on pre- and postoperative treatment. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including rules for surgical decision making in temporomandibular joint treatment; temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis; operative arthroscopy and electrocoagulation of the temporomandibular joint; open temporomandibular joint surgery: discectomy with or without interpositional reconstruction; temporomandibular joint surgery: open discopexy; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on temporomandibular joint surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Download or read book Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy for Cartilage Restoration written by Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: