Download or read book Time resolved Single photon Detector Arrays for High Resolution Near infrared Optical Tomography written by Scott Anthony Lindner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) ; near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) ; optical tomography (OT) ; diffuse optical tomography (DOT) ; diffuse optical imaging (DOI) ; single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) ; single-photon imaging ; time-to-digital converter (TDC) ; time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) ; integrated histogramming.
Download or read book Single photon Detector Arrays for Time resolved Fluorescence Imaging written by Marek Gersbach and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Horizons in Time Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging written by Yoko Hoshi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jöbsis was the first to describe the in vivo application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), also called diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). NIRS was originally designed for the clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and today it has also become a useful tool for neuroimaging studies (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS). However, difficulties in the selective and quantitative measurements of tissue hemoglobin (Hb), which have been central in the NIRS field for over 40 years, remain to be solved. To overcome these problems, time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) measurements have been tried. Presently, a wide range of NIRS instruments are available, including commonly available commercial instruments for continuous wave (CW) measurements, based on the modified Beer–Lambert law (steady-state domain measurements). Among these measurements, the TD measurement is the most promising approach, although compared with CW and FD measurements, TD measurements are less common, due to the need for large and expensive instruments with poor temporal resolution and limited dynamic range. However, thanks to technological developments, TD measurements are increasingly being used in research, and also in various clinical settings. This Special Issue highlights issues at the cutting edge of TD DOS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). It covers all aspects related to TD measurements, including advances in hardware, methodology, the theory of light propagation, and clinical applications.
Download or read book Quantum Nano Photonics written by Baldassare Di Bartolo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together more closely researchers working in the two fields of quantum optics and nano-optics and provides a general overview of the main topics of interest in applied and fundamental research. The contributions cover, for example, single-photon emitters and emitters of entangled photon pairs based on epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots, nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond as single-photon emitters, coupled quantum bits based on trapped ions, integrated waveguide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, quantum nano-plasmonics, nanosensing, quantum aspects of biophotonics and quantum metamaterials. The articles span the bridge from pedagogical introductions on the fundamental principles to the current state-of-the-art, and are authored by pioneers and leaders in the field. Numerical simulations are presented as a powerful tool to gain insight into the physical behavior of nanophotonic systems and provide a critical complement to experimental investigations and design of devices.
Download or read book Single Photon Imaging written by Peter Seitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist ́s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields.
Download or read book Development and Validation of Time domain Diffuse Optical Tomographic Imaging and Multiplexed Fluorescence Mediated Tomography written by Ying Mu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and fluorescence molecule tomography (FMT) are emerging as important optical imaging tools for clinical and biomedical research. Two major outstanding challenge in DOT and FMT are i) the relatively low imaging resolution, which results from the high degree of photon scatter through biological tissue, and ii) the inability to image multiple fluorescent targets in deep tissue ("multiplexing") due to the relatively narrow wavelength region within which light is less attenuated and effectively transmitted through bulk tissue. In this dissertation, we explored the use of time-domain DOT and FMT imaging to address these problems. First, time-resolved (TR) measurement of early arriving photons from a pulse laser was studied as a method for improving resolution in diffuse optical imaging. The underlying concept is photons that arrive first ("early") at a detector from a pulsed laser incident on bulk tissue have experienced fewer scattering events and taken relatively straight paths. We developed and tested a time-domain diffuse optical imaging system consisting of a femetosecond titanium: sapphire laser and fast, single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) detectors, that had an extremely fast temporal response time of 59 ps. We validated that the SPAD allowed measurement of photon-density sensitivity function that were 65% narrower than the temporally un-gated case at very early times. This exceeded the performance achieved previously with photomultiplier-based systems and approached the theoretical maximum predicted by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulations. Following this work, we then developed a complete SPAD-based DOT scanner, in which an array of SPADs were used. We validated performance of the system in cylindrical and irregular shaped optical phantoms of approximately small animal size. We were able to accurately reconstruct the size and position of up to 4 absorbing inclusions in diffusive media for the first time, with increasing image quality at earlier times. Next, we developed a time-resolved multiplexed fluorescence tomography system, which allowed us to measure extremely rich multi-spectral and temporal fluorescence data sets from diffusing media. In combination with a recently developed two-stage de-mixing and image reconstruction algorithm we are able to simultaneously image as many as four (and in theory 5) red and near-infrared fluorophores with closely overlapping spectral and temporal profiles, doubling the information throughput of FMT systems. This instrument also allowed us to account for the wavelength-dependency of optical properties in bulk biological tissue, which is a major challenge in biological imaging. The unique multiplexing imaging capabilities of this technology will allow us to study development of gliomas in small animal models in ongoing work in our group.
Download or read book Time correlated single photon counting written by Desmond O'Connor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.
Download or read book Advanced Time Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques written by Wolfgang Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984 Desmond O’Connor and David Phillips published their comprehensive book „Time-correlated Single Photon Counting“. At that time time-correlated s- gle photon counting, or TCSPC, was used primarily to record fluorescence decay functions of dye solutions in cuvettes. From the beginning, TCSPC was an am- ingly sensitive and accurate technique with excellent time-resolution. However, acquisition times were relatively slow due to the low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and early 80s. Moreover, TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the wa- form of a periodic light signal. Even with these limitations, it was a wonderful te- nique. More than 20 years have elapsed, and electronics and laser techniques have made impressive progress. The number of transistors on a single chip has approximately doubled every 18 months, resulting in a more than 1,000-fold increase in compl- ity and speed. The repetition rate and power of pulsed light sources have increased by about the same factor.
Download or read book Coded Optical Imaging written by Jinyang Liang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XLIV written by Felix Scholkmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-16 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 6 parts: Brain Oxygenation and Function, Tumor Oxygenation and Metabolism, Muscle Oxygenation and Sports Medicine, Cell Metabolism and Tissue Oxygenation, Methodology of O2 Measurements, and Special Topics. The articles in this book have been presented at the 49th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2022). Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.
Download or read book Near Infrared Optical Tomography with Single Photon Avalanche Diode Image Sensors written by Juan Mata Pavia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reviews in Fluorescence 2006 written by Chris D. Geddes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third volume in the Reviews in Fluorescence series. To date, two volumes have been both published and well received by the scientific community. Several book reviews have also favorably described the series as an "excellent compilation of material which is well balanced from authors in both the US and Europe". Of particular mention we note the recent book review in JACS by Gary Baker, Los Alamos. In this 3rd volume we continue the tradition of publishing leading edge and timely articles from authors around the world. We hope you find this volume as useful as past volumes, which promises to be just as diverse with regard to content. Finally, in closing, we would like to thank Dr Kadir Asian for the typesetting of the entire volume and our counterparts at Springer, New York, for its timely publication. Professor Chris D. Geddes Professor Joseph R. Lakowicz August 20*^ 2005.
Download or read book Seeing Photons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense recently highlighted intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities as a top priority for U.S. warfighters. Contributions provided by ISR assets in the operational theaters in Iraq and Afghanistan have been widely documented in press reporting. While the United States continues to increase investments in ISR capabilities, other nations not friendly to the United States will continue to seek countermeasures to U.S. capabilities. The Technology Warning Division of the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) Defense Warning Office (DWO) has the critical responsibility, in collaborations with other components of the intelligence community (IC), for providing U.S. policymakers insight into technological developments that may impact future U.S. warfighting capabilities. To this end, the IC requested that the National Research Council (NRC) investigate and report on key visible and infrared detector technologies, with potential military utility, that are likely to be developed in the next 10-15 years. This study is the eighth in a series sponsored by the DWO and executed under the auspices of the NRC TIGER (Technology Insight-Gauge, Evaluate, and Review) Standing Committee.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 3716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Three Volume Set provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of spectroscopy and closely related subjects that use the same fundamental principles, including mass spectrometry, imaging techniques and applications. It includes the history, theoretical background, details of instrumentation and technology, and current applications of the key areas of spectroscopy. The new edition will include over 80 new articles across the field. These will complement those from the previous edition, which have been brought up-to-date to reflect the latest trends in the field. Coverage in the third edition includes: Atomic spectroscopy Electronic spectroscopy Fundamentals in spectroscopy High-Energy spectroscopy Magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis Vibrational, rotational and Raman spectroscopies The new edition is aimed at professional scientists seeking to familiarize themselves with particular topics quickly and easily. This major reference work continues to be clear and accessible and focus on the fundamental principles, techniques and applications of spectroscopy and spectrometry. Incorporates more than 150 color figures, 5,000 references, and 300 articles for a thorough examination of the field Highlights new research and promotes innovation in applied areas ranging from food science and forensics to biomedicine and health Presents a one-stop resource for quick access to answers and an in-depth examination of topics in the spectroscopy and spectrometry arenas
Download or read book High Speed Single Photon Detection with Avalanche Photodiodes in the Near Infrared written by Yan Liang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the requisite optical components in quantum information processing, single-photon detectors of high performance at the near-infrared wavelengths are in urgent need. In this paper, we review our recent development in high-speed single-photon detection with avalanche photodiodes, increasing the working repetition frequency up to GHz. Ingenious techniques, such as capacitance-balancing, self-differencing, low-pass filtering, and frequency up-conversion, were employed to achieve high-speed single-photon detection with high detection efficiency and low error counts, offering facility for many important applications, such as laser ranging and imaging, quantum key distribution at GHz clock rate.
Download or read book Optics Letters written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Visualizing Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.
