Download or read book Time lapse Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers written by Grace Cairns and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time lapse Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers written by Grace Cairns and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time Lapse Approach to Monitoring Oil Gas and CO2 Storage by Seismic Methods written by Junzo Kasahara and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time Lapse Approach to Monitoring Oil, Gas, and CO2 Storage by Seismic Methods delivers a new technology to geoscientists, well logging experts, and reservoir engineers, giving them a new basis on which to influence decisions on oil and gas reservoir management. Named ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System), this new evaluation method is presented to address more complex reservoirs, such as shale and heavy oil. The book also discusses prolonged production methods for enhanced oil recovery. The monitoring of storage zones for carbon capture are also included, all helping the petroleum and reservoir engineer to fully extend the life of a field and locate untapped pockets of additional oil and gas resources. Rounded out with case studies from locations such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, this book will help readers, scientists, and engineers alike to better manage the life of their oil and gas resources and reservoirs. Benefits both geoscientists and reservoir engineers to optimize complex reservoirs such as shale and heavy oil Explains a more accurate and cost efficient reservoir monitoring technology called ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System) Illustrates real-world application through multiple case studies from around the world
Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.
Download or read book Time Lapse Approach to Monitoring Oil Gas and CO2 Storage by Seismic Methods written by Junzō Kasahara and published by Gulf Professional Publishing, is. This book was released on 2017 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Named ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System), this new evaluation method is presented to address more complex reservoirs, such as shale and heavy oil. The book also discusses prolonged production methods for enhanced oil recovery. The monitoring of storage zones for carbon capture are also included, all helping the petroleum and reservoir engineer to fully extend the life of a field and locate untapped pockets of additional oil and gas resources. Rounded out with case studies from locations such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, this book will help readers, scientists, and engineers alike to better manage the life of their oil and gas resources and reservoirs."--Provided by publisher
Download or read book Borehole Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Storage Within a Saline Aquifer at Ketzin Germany written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microseismic Monitoring written by Vladimir Grechka and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, microseismic monitoring, a technology developed for evaluating completions of wells drilled to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, has grown increasingly popular among oil and gas companies. Microseismic Monitoring, by Vladimir Grechka and Werner M. Heigl, discusses how to process microseismic data, what can and cannot be inferred from such data, and to what level of certainty this might be possible. The narrative of the book follows the passage of seismic waves: from a source triggered by hydraulic fracture stimulation, through hydrocarbon-bearing formations, towards motion sensors. The waves’ characteristics encode the location of their source and its focal mechanism. The analysis of various approaches to harvesting the source-related information from microseismic records has singled out the accuracy of the velocity model, fully accounting for the strong elastic anisotropy of hydraulically fractured shales, as the most critical ingredient for obtaining precise source locations and interpretable moment tensors. The ray theory complemented by its modern extensions, paraxial and Fréchet ray tracing, provides the only practical means available today for building such models. The book is written for geophysicists interested in learning and applying advanced microseismic data-processing techniques.
Download or read book A Reduced order Basis Approach for CO2 Monitoring from Sparse Time lapse Seismic Data written by Badr Waleed A Alrumaih and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I present an approach for seismic monitoring from sparse time-lapse data, with a particular focus on leak detection from CO2 storage reservoirs. I use sparse data because it is (1) faster and (2) less expensive to acquire and to process, permitting for more frequent monitoring surveys to be carried out. This would allow for (1) early leak detection, which is what we ultimately aim for at a storage site, and (2) timely assessment of performance conformance. To account for data sparsity, I incorporate information on the underlying (injection) process (pressure and flow) into the geophysical model estimation. By process information, I mean how the geophysical model is possibly or potentially perturbed due to CO2 injection, as governed by the physics of the flow and the rock properties model. I do that by reformulating the geophysical minimization problem with Reduced-Order Basis (ROB) functions that are derived from simulated training images stochastically describing how the geophysical model is perturbed by the CO2 injection including leak possibilities, which I will refer to as ROB-inversion. Naturally, reducing the spatial sampling of the acquired data leads to reduced spatial resolution of the reconstructed subsurface model. This is the tradeoff for the increased calendar-time resolution, i.e., the shorter monitoring calendar-time interval. By reformulating the geophysical minimization problem with the process-derived reduced-order basis functions, I can improve the spatial resolution of the subsurface model—leading to approximate (or reduced-order) models. The accuracy of the reduced-order models depends on how representative the training image set is to the true model change. A key point in my implementation is the formulation of the problem in terms of the changes in model and data—not in terms of model and data. This (1) focuses the inversion on the model change, making it easy to apply restrictions and limitations on the model change during seismic inversion; the ROB-inversion essentially restricts the model change to be in terms of the (process-derived) Reduced-Order Basis functions. Furthermore, it (2) allows for the training images to be defined explicitly in terms of the time-lapse changes to the baseline model. The change is generally constrained—by the physics of the flow and the rock properties model, making a representative training image set to be reasonably attainable. An advantage of my approach over existing sparse time-lapse techniques is that it allows for fixed data acquisition configurations over calendar-time. Hence, the cost and turn-around time associated with redeployment of seismic data acquisition equipment can be minimized. In order to demonstrate my approach, I focus on borehole-based monitoring, namely, crosswell data acquisition geometry; nevertheless, it can be adapted to other geometries (surface-based or borehole-based) and other geophysical data (e.g., resistivity, electromagnetic, etc.). It can also be adapted for monitoring other processes, such as assessing the performance of Improved Oil Recovery (IOR). In this thesis, I demonstrate the practicability of my approach on synthetic and field traveltime crosswell datasets. I show, with synthetic and field data, its effectiveness for leak detection during CO2 injection.
Download or read book The Rock Physics Handbook written by Gary Mavko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significantly expanded new edition of this practical guide to rock physics and geophysical interpretation for reservoir geophysicists and engineers.
Download or read book Time lapse Seismic Modeling for CO2 Sequestration at the Dickman Field Kansas written by Jintan Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-lapse seismic modeling is often used to study hydrocarbon reservoirs, especially for those undergoing injection or production. The Dickman field, Kansas, provides two possible CO2 sequestration targets: a regional deep saline reservoir (the primary objective) and a shallower mature, depleted oil reservoir (secondary). The work in this dissertation characterizes and simulates monitoring of CO2 movement before, during, and after injection including fluid flow paths, reservoir property changes, CO2 containment, and post-injection stability. My seismic simulation for time-lapse CO2 monitoring was based on flow simulator output over a 50-year injection and 250-year simulation period. This work introduces a feasible and reliable regridding technique that resolves different scales from geological modeling, flow simulation, to seismic modeling for a realistic carbonate geological model. Gassmann fluid substitution theory is applied to calculate fluid properties changes before and after injection. For a porous Mississippian carbonate reservoir with average 25% porosity, the P wave velocity can change around 15% with CO2 saturation up to 84%. Seismic simulation was accomplished via PP and PS reflectivity from the Zoeppritz equation, convolutional (1D), acoustic and elastic (2D) finite difference modeling by a flux-corrected transport equation. This work assesses the effectiveness of 4D seismic monitoring in the evaluation of long-term CO2 containment stability through a fault leakage test. A CO2 plume can be detected from the difference on seismic sections with 5 to 10ms time shift at the storage site before and after injection, and was validated by comparison with the prestack field data. Time-lapse flow to seismic modeling is proved to be useful for carbon dioxide sequestration in a hard rock carbonate reservoir.
Download or read book TIME LAPSE SEISMIC MODELING INVERSION OF CO2 SATURATION FOR SEQUESTRATION AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY written by Mark A. Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsurface aquifers for geologic storage/sequestration, and into subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery, has become an important topic to the nation because of growing concerns related to global warming and energy security. In this project we developed new ways to predict and quantify the effects of CO2 on seismic data recorded over porous reservoir/aquifer rock systems. This effort involved the research and development of new technology to: (1) Quantitatively model the rock physics effects of CO2 injection in porous saline and oil/brine reservoirs (both miscible and immiscible). (2) Quantitatively model the seismic response to CO2 injection (both miscible and immiscible) from well logs (1D). (3) Perform quantitative inversions of time-lapse 4D seismic data to estimate injected CO2 distributions within subsurface reservoirs and aquifers. This work has resulted in an improved ability to remotely monitor the injected CO2 for safe storage and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, predict the effects of CO2 on time-lapse seismic data, and estimate injected CO2 saturation distributions in subsurface aquifers/reservoirs. We applied our inversion methodology to a 3D time-lapse seismic dataset from the Sleipner CO2 sequestration project, Norwegian North Sea. We measured changes in the seismic amplitude and traveltime at the top of the Sleipner sandstone reservoir and used these time-lapse seismic attributes in the inversion. Maps of CO2 thickness and its standard deviation were generated for the topmost layer. From this information, we estimated that 7.4% of the total CO2 injected over a five-year period had reached the top of the reservoir. This inversion approach could also be applied to the remaining levels within the anomalous zone to obtain an estimate of the total CO2 injected.
Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations written by Auli Niemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers a comprehensive overview, and an in-depth understanding, of suitable methods for quantifying and characterizing saline aquifers for the geological storage of CO2. It begins with a general overview of the methodology and the processes that take place when CO2 is injected and stored in deep saline-water-containing formations. It subsequently presents mathematical and numerical models used for predicting the consequences of CO2 injection. This book provides descriptions of relevant experimental methods, from laboratory experiments to field scale site characterization and techniques for monitoring spreading of the injected CO2 within the formation. Experiences from a number of important field injection projects are reviewed, as are those from CO2 natural analog sites. Lastly, the book presents relevant risk management methods. Geological storage of CO2 is widely considered to be a key technology capable of substantially reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the negative impacts of such releases on the global climate. Around the world, projects are already in full swing, while others are now being initiated and executed to demonstrate the technology. Deep saline formations are the geological formations considered to hold the highest storage potential, due to their abundance worldwide. To date, however, these formations have been relatively poorly characterized, due to their low economic value. Accordingly, the processes involved in injecting and storing CO2 in such formations still need to be better quantified and methods for characterizing, modeling and monitoring this type of CO2 storage in such formations must be rapidly developed and refined.
Download or read book Monitoring CO2 Storage at Cranfield Mississippi with Time Lapse Offset VSP Using Integration and Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A time-lapse Offset Vertical Seismic Profile (OVSP) data set was acquired as part of a subsurface monitoring program for geologic sequestration of CO2. The storage site at Cranfield, near Natchez, Mississippi, is part of a detailed area study (DAS) site for geologic carbon sequestration operated by the U.S. Dept. of Energy's Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB). The DAS site includes three boreholes, an injection well and two monitoring wells. The project team selected the DAS site to examine CO2 sequestration multiphase fluid flow and pressure at the interwell scale in a brine reservoir. The time-lapse (TL) OVSP was part of an integrated monitoring program that included well logs, crosswell seismic, electrical resistance tomography and 4D surface seismic. The goals of the OVSP were to detect the CO2 induced change in seismic response, give information about the spatial distribution of CO2 near the injection well and to help tie the high-resolution borehole monitoring to the 4D surface data. The VSP data were acquired in well CFU 31-F1, which is the ~3200 m deep CO2 injection well at the DAS site. A preinjection survey was recorded in late 2009 with injection beginning in December 2009, and a post injection survey was conducted in Nov 2010 following injection of about 250 kT of CO2. The sensor array for both surveys was a 50-level, 3-component, Sercel MaxiWave system with 15 m (49 ft) spacing between levels. The source for both surveys was an accelerated weight drop, with different source trucks used for the two surveys. Consistent time-lapse processing was applied to both data sets. Time-lapse processing generated difference corridor stacks to investigate CO2 induced reflection amplitude changes from each source point. Corridor stacks were used for amplitude analysis to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for each shot point. Spatial variation in reflectivity (used to 'map' the plume) was similar in magnitude to the corridor stacks but, due to relatively lower S/N, the results were less consistent and more sensitive to processing and therefore are not presented. We examined the overall time-lapse repeatability of the OVSP data using three methods, the NRMS and Predictability (Pred) measures of Kragh and Christie (2002) and the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) method of Cantillo (2011). Because time-lapse noise was comparable to the observed change, multiple methods were used to analyze data reliability. The reflections from the top and base reservoir were identified on the corridor stacks by correlation with a synthetic response generated from the well logs. A consistent change in the corridor stack amplitudes from pre- to post-CO2 injection was found for both the top and base reservoir reflections on all ten shot locations analyzed. In addition to the well-log synthetic response, a finite-difference elastic wave propagation model was built based on rock/fluid properties obtained from well logs, with CO2 induced changes guided by time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography (Ajo-Franklin, et al., 2013) acquired at the DAS site. Time-lapse seismic tomography indicated that two reservoir zones were affected by the flood. The modeling established that interpretation of the VSP trough and peak event amplitudes as reflectivity from the top and bottom of reservoir is appropriate even with possible tuning effects. Importantly, this top/base change gives confidence in an interpretation that these changes arise from within the reservoir, not from bounding lithology. The modeled time-lapse change and the observed field data change from 10 shotpoints are in agreement for both magnitude and polarity of amplitude change for top and base of reservoir. Therefore, we conclude the stored CO2 has been successfully detected and, furthermore, the observed seismic reflection change can be applied to Cranfield's ...
Download or read book Predicting the Migration of CO2 Plume in Saline Aquifers Using Probabilistic History Matching Approaches written by Sayantan Bhowmik and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the operation of a geological carbon storage project, verifying that the CO2 plume remains within the permitted zone is of particular interest both to regulators and to operators. However, the cost of many monitoring technologies, such as time-lapse seismic, limits their application. For adequate predictions of plume migration, proper representation of heterogeneous permeability fields is imperative. Previous work has shown that injection data (pressures, rates) from wells might provide a means of characterizing complex permeability fields in saline aquifers. Thus, given that injection data are readily available and inexpensive, they might provide an inexpensive alternative for monitoring; combined with a flow model like the one developed in this work, these data could even be used for predicting plume migration. These predictions of plume migration pathways can then be compared to field observations like time-lapse seismic or satellite measurements of surface-deformation, to ensure the containment of the injected CO2 within the storage area. In this work, two novel methods for creating heterogeneous permeability fields constrained by injection data are demonstrated. The first method is an implementation of a probabilistic history matching algorithm to create models of the aquifer for predicting the movement of the CO2 plume. The geologic property of interest, for example hydraulic conductivity, is updated conditioned to geological information and injection pressures. The resultant aquifer model which is geologically consistent can be used to reliably predict the movement of the CO2 plume in the subsurface. The second method is a model selection algorithm that refines an initial suite of subsurface models representing the prior uncertainty to create a posterior set of subsurface models that reflect injection performance consistent with that observed. Such posterior models can be used to represent uncertainty in the future migration of the CO2 plume. The applicability of both methods is demonstrated using a field data set from central Algeria.
Download or read book Assessing Uncertainty and Repeatability in Time Lapse VSP Monitoring of CO2 Injection in a Brine Aquifer Frio Formation Texas A Case Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was done to assess the repeatability and uncertainty of time-lapse VSP response to CO2 injection in the Frio formation near Houston Texas. A work flow was built to assess the effect of time-lapse injected CO2 into two Frio brine reservoir intervals, the 'C' sand (Frio1) and the 'Blue sand' (Frio2). The time-lapse seismic amplitude variations with sensor depth for both reservoirs Frio1 and Frio2 were computed by subtracting the seismic response of the base survey from each of the two monitor seismic surveys. Source site 1 has been considered as one of the best sites for evaluating the time-lapse response after injection. For site 1, the computed timelapse NRMS levels after processing had been compared to the estimated time-lapse NRMS level before processing for different control reflectors, and for brine aquifers Frio1, and Frio2 to quantify detectability of amplitude difference. As the main interest is to analyze the time-lapse amplitude variations, different scenarios have been considered. Three different survey scenarios were considered: the base survey which was performed before injection, monitor1 performed after the first injection operation, and monitor2 which was after the second injection. The first scenario was base-monitor1, the second was basemonitor2, and the third was monitor1-monitor2. We considered three 'control' reflections above the Frio to assist removal of overburden changes, and concluded that third control reflector (CR3) is the most favorable for the first scenario in terms of NRMS response, and first control reflector (CR1) is the most favorable for the second and third scenarios in terms of NRMS response. The NRMS parameter is shown to be a useful measure to assess the effect of processing on time-lapse data. The overall NRMS for the Frio VSP data set was found to be in the range of 30% to 80% following basic processing. This could be considered as an estimated baseline in assessing the utility of VSP for CO2 monitoring. This study shows that the CO2 injection in brine reservoir Frio1 (the 'C' sand unit) does induce a relative change in amplitude response, and for Frio2 (the 'Blue' sand unit) an amplitude change has been also detected, but in both cases the uncertainty, as measured by NRMS indicates the reservoir changes are, at best, only slightly above the noise level, and often below the noise level of the overall data set.
Download or read book Monitoring CO2 Storage at Cranfield Mississippi with Time Lapse Offset VSP u2013 Using Integration and Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A time-lapse Offset Vertical Seismic Profile (OVSP) data set was acquired as part of a subsurface monitoring program for geologic sequestration of CO2. The storage site at Cranfield, near Natchez, Mississippi, is part of a detailed area study (DAS) site for geologic carbon sequestration operated by the U.S. Dept. of Energy’s Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB). The DAS site includes three boreholes, an injection well and two monitoring wells. The project team selected the DAS site to examine CO2 sequestration multiphase fluid flow and pressure at the interwell scale in a brine reservoir. The time-lapse (TL) OVSP was part of an integrated monitoring program that included well logs, crosswell seismic, electrical resistance tomography and 4D surface seismic. The goals of the OVSP were to detect the CO2 induced change in seismic response, give information about the spatial distribution of CO2 near the injection well and to help tie the high-resolution borehole monitoring to the 4D surface data. The VSP data were acquired in well CFU 31-F1, which is the 3̃200 m deep CO2 injection well at the DAS site. A preinjection survey was recorded in late 2009 with injection beginning in December 2009, and a post injection survey was conducted in Nov 2010 following injection of about 250 kT of CO2. The sensor array for both surveys was a 50-level, 3-component, Sercel MaxiWave system with 15 m (49 ft) spacing between levels. The source for both surveys was an accelerated weight drop, with different source trucks used for the two surveys. Consistent time-lapse processing was applied to both data sets. Time-lapse processing generated difference corridor stacks to investigate CO2 induced reflection amplitude changes from each source point. Corridor stacks were used for amplitude analysis to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for each shot point. Spatial variation in reflectivity (used to ‘map’ the plume) was similar in magnitude to the corridor stacks but, due to relatively lower S/N, the results were less consistent and more sensitive to processing and therefore are not presented. We examined the overall time-lapse repeatability of the OVSP data using three methods, the NRMS and Predictability (Pred) measures of Kragh and Christie (2002) and the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) method of Cantillo (2011). Because time-lapse noise was comparable to the observed change, multiple methods were used to analyze data reliability. The reflections from the top and base reservoir were identified on the corridor stacks by correlation with a synthetic response generated from the well logs. A consistent change in the corridor stack amplitudes from pre- to post-CO2 injection was found for both the top and base reservoir reflections on all ten shot locations analyzed. In addition to the well-log synthetic response, a finite-difference elastic wave propagation model was built based on rock/fluid properties obtained from well logs, with CO2 induced changes guided by time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography (Ajo-Franklin, and others, 2013) acquired at the DAS site. Time-lapse seismic tomography indicated that two reservoir zones were affected by the flood. The modeling established that interpretation of the VSP trough and peak event amplitudes as reflectivity from the top and bottom of reservoir is appropriate even with possible tuning effects. Importantly, this top/base change gives confidence in an interpretation that these changes arise from within the reservoir, not from bounding lithology. The modeled time-lapse change and the observed field data change from 10 shotpoints are in agreement for both magnitude and polarity of amplitude change for top and base of reservoir. Therefore, we conclude the stored CO2 has been successfully detected and, furthermore, the observed seismic reflection change can be applied to Cranfield’s ...
Download or read book How to Store CO2 Underground Insights from early mover CCS Projects written by Philip Ringrose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the scientific basis and engineering practice for CO2 storage, covering topics such as storage capacity, trapping mechanisms, CO2 phase behaviour and flow dynamics, engineering and geomechanics of geological storage, injection well design, and geophysical and geochemical monitoring. It also provides numerous examples from the early mover CCS projects, notably Sleipner and Snøhvit offshore Norway, as well as other pioneering CO2 storage projects.
