Download or read book Time in Natural Language written by Ellen Thompson and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time in Natural Language investigates the relationship between the syntactic and semantic representations of sentences within the domain of tense. Assuming that tenses are semantically composed of three distinct times, Thompson proposes that these times map onto the syntax in a regular fashion: each time is associated with a unique syntactic head. Adopting the Minimalist approach to syntactic theory, this approach makes possible insightful analyses of syntactic structures involving temporal dependency. Thompson argues that, depending on their adjunction site, temporal adverbials modify different parts of the tense structure of the clause. Locating the Event time within VP, it is correctly predicted that an adverbial that modifies the Event time is adjoined to VP. On the other hand, since the Reference time is argued to be within AspP, when an adverbial is adjoined to AspP, it modifies the Reference time. The syntax of temporal adjunct clauses is accounted for in a similar fashion; they may be adjoined either to VP, where they are interpreted as simultaneous with the matrix event, or to AspP, where they are interpreted as nonsimultaneous. Thompson shows that the analysis sheds light on the less-studied issue of the temporal syntax of arguments. Subjects with gerundive relative clauses are claimed to be interpreted in VP at LF when the relative clause is temporally dependent on the Event time of the main clause, and in TP when the relative clause is dependent on the Speech time of the main clause. By extending the syntactic proposal to investigate the discourse-level effects of tense, an original analysis of the discourse representation of tense is proposed. Thompson argues that the discourse representation of tense is based on same primitives and subject to the same principles as the syntactic representation of tense, based on an in-depth examination of the structure and meaning of the temporal discourse adverb then.
Download or read book Representing Time in Natural Language written by Alice G. B. ter Meulen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of temporal meaning in texts has received considerable attention in recent years from scholars in linguistics, logical semantics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. Representing Time in Natural Language offers a systematic and detailed account of how we use temporal information contained in a text or in discourse to reason about the flow of time, inferring the order in which events happened when this is not explicitly stated. A new representational system is designed to formalize an appropriately context-dependent notion of situated inference. The Dynamic Aspect Tree, representing temporal dependencies, constitutes a novel and important dynamic temporal logic, one that makes it easy to see "what follows when" from the information given in an ordinary English text.
Download or read book Exploring Time Tense and Aspect in Natural Language Database Interfaces written by Ion Androutsopoulos and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon tense and aspect theories, temporal logics, and temporal databases, this cross-discipline book examines relevant issues from the three areas, developing a unified theoretical framework that can be used to build natural language interfaces to temporal databases.
Download or read book Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing II written by Emily M. Bender and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meaning is a fundamental concept in Natural Language Processing (NLP), in the tasks of both Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). This is because the aims of these fields are to build systems that understand what people mean when they speak or write, and that can produce linguistic strings that successfully express to people the intended content. In order for NLP to scale beyond partial, task-specific solutions, researchers in these fields must be informed by what is known about how humans use language to express and understand communicative intents. The purpose of this book is to present a selection of useful information about semantics and pragmatics, as understood in linguistics, in a way that's accessible to and useful for NLP practitioners with minimal (or even no) prior training in linguistics.
Download or read book Controlled Natural Language written by Brian Davis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CNL 2014, held in Galway, Ireland, in August 2014. The 17 full papers and one invited paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. The topics include simplified language, plain language, formalized language, processable language, fragments of language, phraseologies, conceptual authoring, language generation, and guided natural language interfaces.
Download or read book Time in Language written by Wolfgang Klein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the various ways in which time is reflected in natural language. All natural languages have developed a rich repetoire of devices to express time, but linguists have tended to concentrate on tense and aspect, rather than discourse principles. Klein considers the four main ways in which language expresses time - the verbal categories of tense and aspect; inherent lexical features of the verb; and various types of temporal adverbs. Klein looks at the interaction of these four devices and suggests new or partly new treatments of these devices to express temporality.
Download or read book Ontology Based Interpretation of Natural Language written by Philipp Cimiano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge. This book focuses on the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. The main contribution is an approach that puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process. This means that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowledge necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations. We start with an introduction to ontologies and demonstrate how linguistic information can be attached to them by means of the ontology lexicon model lemon. These lexica then serve as basis for the automatic generation of grammars, which we use to compositionally construct meaning representations that conform with the vocabulary of an underlying ontology. As a result, the level of representational granularity is not driven by language but by the semantic distinctions made in the underlying ontology and thus by distinctions that are relevant in the context of a particular domain. We highlight some of the challenges involved in the construction of ontology-based meaning representations, and show how ontologies can be exploited for ambiguity resolution and the interpretation of temporal expressions. Finally, we present a question answering system that combines all tools and techniques introduced throughout the book in a real-world application, and sketch how the presented approach can scale to larger, multi-domain scenarios in the context of the Semantic Web. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Ontologies / Linguistic Formalisms / Ontology Lexica / Grammar Generation / Putting Everything Together / Ontological Reasoning for Ambiguity Resolution / Temporal Interpretation / Ontology-Based Interpretation for Question Answering / Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Download or read book Advances in Natural Language Processing written by Hrafn Loftsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-11 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing held in Reykjavik, Iceland, in August 2010.
Download or read book Controlled Natural Language written by Norbert E Fuchs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-12 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CNL 2009, held in Marettimo Island, Italy, in June 2009. The 16 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited lecture were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 31 initial submissions. The papers are roughly divided into the two groups language aspects and tools and applications. Note that some papers fall actually into both groups: using a controlled natural language in an application domain often requires domain-specific language features.
Download or read book Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing Based Real Time Applications written by Mandakini Chagamreddy and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formalized Natural Languages written by dr. ir. Andries Van Renssen and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formalized natural languages, such as Formalized English and Formalized Dutch, are powerful extensible languages and ontologies for information and knowledge modeling. The languages enable electronic data storage and data exchange in a neutral and system independent way. They also enable terminology standardization, automated translation, data integration and interoperability of systems. Formal English can be used as a basis for the creation of universal databases and interfaces between systems or to standardize the content of systems and to integrate data from different sources. It is the 2nd edition of Gellish, a Generic Extensible Ontological Language.
Download or read book Controlled Natural Language written by Tobias Kuhn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CNL 2012, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in August 2012. The 12 revised papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on CNL for knowledge representation, CNL for interactive systems, CNL applications, CNL grammars and lexica, CNL in the context of the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data and CNL use cases.
Download or read book Natural Language Generation written by G.A. Kempen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, August 19-23, 1986
Download or read book Knowledge Representation and the Semantics of Natural Language written by Hermann Helbig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Language is not only the most important means of communication between human beings, it is also used over historical periods for the pres- vation of cultural achievements and their transmission from one generation to the other. During the last few decades, the ?ood of digitalized information has been growing tremendously. This tendency will continue with the globali- tion of information societies and with the growing importance of national and international computer networks. This is one reason why the theoretical und- standing and the automated treatment of communication processes based on natural language have such a decisive social and economic impact. In this c- text, the semantic representation of knowledge originally formulated in natural language plays a central part, because it connects all components of natural language processing systems, be they the automatic understanding of natural language (analysis), the rational reasoning over knowledge bases, or the g- eration of natural language expressions from formal representations. This book presents a method for the semantic representation of natural l- guage expressions (texts, sentences, phrases, etc. ) which can be used as a u- versal knowledge representation paradigm in the human sciences, like lingu- tics, cognitive psychology, or philosophy of language, as well as in com- tational linguistics and in arti?cial intelligence. It is also an attempt to close the gap between these disciplines, which to a large extent are still working separately.
Download or read book Natural Language Understanding and Intelligent Applications written by Chin-Yew Lin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 5th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2016, and the 24th International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2016, held in Kunming, China, in December 2016. The 48 revised full papers presented together with 41 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 216 submissions. The papers cover fundamental research in language computing, multi-lingual access, web mining/text mining, machine learning for NLP, knowledge graph, NLP for social network, as well as applications in language computing.
Download or read book Speech Language Processing written by Dan Jurafsky and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2000-09 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Finite State Methods and Natural Language Processing written by Anssi Yli-Jyrä and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-12 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Finite-State Methods in Natural Language Processing, FSMNLP 2005, held in Helsinki, Finland, September 2005. The book presents 24 revised full papers and seven revised poster papers together with two invited contributions and abstracts of six software demos. Topics include morphology, optimality theory, some special FSM families, weighted FSM algorithms, FSM representations, exploration, ordered structures, and surface parsing.
