Download or read book Three Step Fluorimetric Sensing Technique for the Detection of Trace Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosive Residues written by Jennifer Marie Sievering and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories written by Donnell R. Christian, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories, Second Edition is fully updated to address all aspects of the forensic investigation of clandestine laboratories. While, the first edition focused on the domestic clandestine manufacture of contraband substances, this edition expands the scope to more fully address the clandestine manufacture of explosives that have become a threat that is global in nature. In clandestine laboratory operations, equipment is often simple, household chemical products are utilized, and the education of the operators basic. In fact, most of the time these elements individually are perfectly legal to sell and possess. However, the combination of all these elements is what becomes the scene of illicit activity and a criminal operation. In response to the increase in use of homemade explosive mixtures by terrorists, both domestically and internationally, the section clandestine manufacture of explosives is greatly enhanced. Topics are presented in a manner which, while detailed, will not compromise the tactics, techniques, or procedures utilized by law enforcement and military personnel in their ability to combat the clandestine manufacture of contraband substances and the battle against domestic and international terrorism. Key features: • Examines tell-tale signs to look for in recognizing a clandestine lab • Outlines how to safely process the site of a clandestine lab • Details how to analyze collected evidence in the examination laboratory • Provides guidelines as to what to derive from the physical evidence • Offers specific tactics to effectively present the opinions associated with evidence that has been collected during the investigation in a written report, military style briefing or to a jury in a legal proceeding. Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories, Second Edition guides the reader through the process of recognizing these illegal manufacturing operations. Then it examines the methods as to how to compile the volume of associated evidence into a package that can be presented in a court of law, or to military commanders for decisive action. It is an invaluable resource, that will prove useful to chemistry lab technicians, forensic investigators, fire and first responder professionals, military personnel, police investigative agencies and narcotics units, and lawyer trying cases involving clandestine labs.

Download or read book Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry HPLC API MS in Forensic Applications written by X. Xu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly sensitive screening method based on high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) has been developed for the analysis of 21 nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives, which include the explosives most commonly encountered in forensic science. Two atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), and various experimental conditions have been applied to allow for the detection of all 21 explosive compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) in the full-scan mode has been found to be 0.012-1.2 ng on column for the screening of most explosives investigated. For nitrobenzene, an LOD of 10 ng was found with the APCI method in the negative mode. Although the detection of nitrobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene is hindered by the difficult ionization of these compounds, we have found that by forming an adduct with glycine, LOD values in the range of 3-16 ng on column can be achieved. Compared with previous screening methods with thermospray ionization, the API method has distinct advantages, including simplicity and stability of the method applied, an extended screening range and a low detection limit for the explosives studied.

Download or read book Synthesis and Phtoluminescence sic Study of Microporous Metal Organic Frameworks MMOFs for Sensing and Detection of Nitroexplosives and Aromatic Compounds written by Sanhita Pramanik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the increased terrorist activity worldwide and the use of modern bombs in those attacks, the development of a new method capable of rapidly and cost-efficiently detecting trace vapor of explosives is highly desirable. Chemical explosives composed of a diverse group of compounds, including nitroaromatics, nitramines, nitrate esters as well as some inorganic/organic nitrates and peroxides. Current methodologies include use of well trained dogs and sophisticated instrumentation such as gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer, nuclear quadruple resonance, ionization mass spectrometry (IMS). These methods are highly sensitive and selective, but often expensive, not always easily accessible, and require intense training for operation. As a complementary method, chemical sensors can provide new ways to the rapid detection of ultra trace explosives, and can be easily incorporated into inexpensive and portable microelectronic devices. Fluorescence based sensors utilizing conjugated polymers have attracted enormous attention in the recent years for their excellent performance. In this thesis, a systematic study was performed in a series of luminescent MMOFs and their behavior upon exposure to the vapor of different analytes. For example, [Zn2(oba)2(bpy)]'DMA, one of the MMOFs made of paddle-wheel SBU, selectively responds to nitroaromatics (with electron-withdrawing groups) and other aromatic compounds, like benzene, toluene (with electron-donating groups) via fluorescent quenching and enhancement respectively. The study also shows that nitro-containing non-aromatic analytes (nitroaliphatics) make negligible effect on the fluorescence of [Zn2(oba)2(bpy)]'DMA . The results demonstrate the exceptional ability of this particular MMOF to selectively detect explosives of different types (e.g. aromatic DNT vs. non-aromatic or aliphatic DMNB). Another series of highly luminescent MMOFs made of the same metal center (Zn) and similar ligands (bpdc, bpy, 2,2'dmbpy and bpe) but different structures have also been investigated. Photoluminescence studies show that the guest-free samples of these compounds also exhibit quenching or enhancement phenomena, when exposed to the vapors of two different types of analyte molecules having electron rich and electron deficient functional groups. The origin of such effect can be well understood and explained based on molecular orbital and band structure calculations, as well as the comparison of their redox potentials. In addition, synthesis and characterization of some new MMOFs, composed of V-shaped dicarboxylic acid and selected diamine ligands are briefly discussed. Clearly, ligands play an important role in the crystal structure formation as well as pore characteristics of the resultant MMOFs.

Download or read book The Analysis of Explosives written by Jehuda Yinon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Analysis of Explosives surveys the principles of the various analytical methods, describes how these methods are used for the analysis of explosives, and reviews the major analytical work carried out in this field. Organized into 15 chapters, this book begins with the classification of explosives. Subsequent chapters discuss the different methods for the analysis of explosives. The detection and identification of explosive residues and hidden explosives are also explained. This monograph will be useful as a reference book for chemists in analytical and forensic laboratories, as well as a textbook for graduate students in analytical chemistry and forensic sciences.

Download or read book Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-05-14 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques examines the scientific techniques currently used as the basis for explosives detection and determines whether other techniques might provide promising research avenues with possible pathways to new detection protocols. This report describe the characteristics of explosives, bombs, and their components that are or might be used to provide a signature for exploitation in detection technology; considers scientific techniques for exploiting these characteristics to detect explosives and explosive devices; discusses the potential for integrating such techniques into detection systems that would have sufficient sensitivity without an unacceptable false-positive rate; and proposes areas for research that might be expected to yield significant advances in practical explosives and bomb detection technology in the near, mid, and long term.

Download or read book Electronic Noses and Sensors for the Detection of Explosives written by J. Gardner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-08-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Warwick, Coventry, U.K., 30 September-3 October 2003

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

Download or read book Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosives written by Jehuda Yinon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-08-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date handbook, with the latest advances including all the various methods and techniques for analyzing explosives. Explosive compounds and mixtures, residues--their recovery and clean-up procedures--chromatography, polarography, spectroscopy, environmental analysis and mass spectroscopy are among the topics covered.

Download or read book Studies on the Polymorphs of HMX written by Howard H. Cady and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories written by Donnell R. Christian, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-28 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clandestine lab operators are not the mad scientists whose genius keeps them pent up in the laboratory contemplating elaborate formulas and mixing exotic chemicals. In fact, their equipment is usually simple, their chemicals household products, and their education basic. Most of the time the elements at the scene are perfectly legal to sell and own. It is only in the combination of all these elements that the lab becomes the scene of a criminal operation. Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories guides you, step-by-step, through the process of recognizing these illegal manufacturing operations. Then it shows you how to prove it in the courtroom. In non-technical language this book details: How to recognize a clandestine lab How to process the site of a clandestine lab How to analyze evidence in the examination laboratory What to derive from the physical evidence How to present the evidence in court The identification and investigation of a clandestine lab, and the successful prosecution of the perpetrators, is a team effort. A collaboration of law enforcement, forensic experts, scientists, and criminal prosecutors is required to present a case that definitively demonstrates how a group of items with legitimate uses are being used to manufacture an illegal controlled substance. Providing an understanding of how the pieces of the clandestine lab puzzle fit together, this book outlines the steps needed to identify and shut down these operations, as well as successfully prosecute the perpetrators.

Download or read book Handbook of Acid Base Indicators written by R. W. Sabnis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While acid-base indicators continue to find new applications in an ever-widening range of scientific disciplines, there is no current book that focuses entirely on the subject, nor one that brings together the relevant advances that have evolved over the last three decades. The Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators compiles the most up-to-date, c

Download or read book Aspects of Explosives Detection written by Maurice Marshall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection and quantification of trace chemicals is a major thrust of analytical chemistry. In recent years much effort has been spent developing detection systems for priority pollutants. Less mature are the detections of substances of interest to law enforcement and security personnel:in particular explosives. This volume will discuss the detection of these, not only setting out the theoretical fundamentals, but also emphasizing the remarkable developments in the last decade. Terrorist events—airplanes blown out of the sky (PanAm 103 over Lockerbie) and attacks on U.S. and European cities (Trade Center in New York and the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, railways in London and Madrid)--emphasize the danger of concealed explosives. However, since most explosives release little vapor, it was not possible to detect them by technology used on most organic substances. After PanAm 103 was downed over Scotland, the U.S. Congress requested automatic explosive detection equipment be placed in airports. This volume outlines the history of explosive detection research, the developments along the way, present day technologies, and what we think the future holds. Written by experts in the field who set out both the scientific issues and the practical context with authority Discusses and describes the threat Describes the theoretical background and practical applications of both trace and bulk explosives detection

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for 2 4 6 trinitrotoluene written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution written by Raffi Fass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 42nd OHOLO Conference held in Eilat, Israel, May 3-7, 1998

Download or read book High Energy Density Materials written by Thomas M. Klapötke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner