Download or read book Three Essays on Trade Liberalization and Korean Agriculture written by Chun Kwon Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) in 1994, global competition in Korean agricultural markets has significantly increased. The objective of this dissertation is to identify the effects of trade liberalization on productivity and pricing in the Korean rice market (Essay 1 and 2) and on the entire agricultural sector (Essay 3). Rice is the major agricultural commodity in Korean agriculture with Rice Processing Complexes (RPC), i.e. agricultural cooperatives, playing a major role in the rice processing industry. Essays 1 and 2 examine RPCs adjustment to the increasingly competitive market environment. The first essay draws on the emerging heterogeneous-firms trade model to test the hypothesis that trade liberalization forces least productivity firms to exit (extensive margin) and encourages reallocation of resources and market share to high productivity firms (intensive margin) within an industry. The above churning results in an increase in the average productivity of the industry. Results from using plant-level RPC data from 2002-2008 to test the above hypothesis show that international competition via increases in rice import (Minimum Market Access) has the largest effect on RPCs' productivity. In particular, greater competition shifts the left tail of the productivity distribution to the right, increasing the median productivity of the Korean rice processing industry. Thus, the above findings suggest that RPCs, often considered to be quasi-public firms shielded from competition, face significant adjustment following trade liberalization. Economic theory suggests that a key input, i.e. raw product that farmer-members deliver, is treated as given in marketing cooperatives' optimization, unlike in the case of profit maximizing firms. Thus, only if cooperatives minimize the cost of conventional inputs (labor and capital) cost and additionally, set the price of the raw product optimally, their production is efficient. Essay 2 examines RPCs' pricing efficiency, based on the above theory, by incorporating farmers' supply function of raw product (rice) into hypothesized RPCs' optimization framework. Results show that only large RPCs' pricing and thus, production is efficient. For small and medium RPCs, processing size, i.e. realizing economies of scale, is important for their efficiency. The latter finding suggests merger of neighboring small and medium RPCs to both expand supply of raw rice and lower processing costs. In fact, results show that post-merger RPCs have attained pricing efficiency similar to large RPCs. Since 2002, about 20 percent of Korean RPCs have merged adjusting to the competitive market and improving pricing efficiency and overall productivity. In the third essay, the effects of agricultural openness on aggregate agricultural productivity and farmers' welfare in Korea are examined. Results indicate that the openness significantly improves agricultural productivity, with a marked increase following URAA. However, in real terms, farm products' price and net farm business income have declined after trade liberalization. The findings show that agricultural trade liberalization has greatly benefitted Korean consumers, but the net impact on farmers' welfare from productivity growth, real price decline and transfer payments is less clear. The three essays show that Korean agriculture has been adjusting to the increasingly competitive environment in primary and processing sectors, contributing to overall gains for the Korean economy. Encouraging resource reallocation towards more competitive segments of Korean agriculture along with targeted transfer payments to revitalize losers from trade are needed to continue to realize and share gains from trade.
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Download or read book Three Essays on Capital Account Liberalization and Economic Growth written by Kang-guk Yi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annals of the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics written by Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Poverty written by Neil McCulloch and published by Centre for Economic Policy Research. This book was released on 2001 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Openness to trade is a key element of economic policy; continuing extreme poverty in developing countries is a disgrace. This Handbook examines how concerns about the world's poor should affect our attitude towards trade liberalization. Part I draws on economic analysis and practical experience to construct a framework to analyse the links between trade liberalization and poverty. It shows policy-makers how to identify the critical features in their economies so they can ensure that the poor benefit from liberalization. Part II explores the reform of particular sectors -- agriculture, services, etc., and particular instruments of trade policy -- export subsidies, anti-dumping measures, etc. It presents an economic analysis of each type of reform, shows the likely outcome for the poor, and discusses the issue's status on the World Trade Organization's agenda. Book jacket.
Download or read book The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth, poverty reduction and trade, and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO, the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs, improve the enabling environment, implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy, better manage risks faced by the poor, and improve data used for policy-making.
Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Download or read book Agriculture and Economic Development in East Asia written by Joanna Boestel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study which describes and analyses the contribution of agriculture to the economies of East Asia. Until now, little attention has been paid to the agricultural sector which actually underpins industrial and commercial development. Recently, this sector has become the focus of increasingly bitter economic disputes, especially over protection and the use of import tariffs. A comparative framework is used, employing case studies from Japan, Taiwan and South Korea to highlight both the common characteristics of agriculture's role in East Asian development, and features particular to the political economy of agriculture in each country.
Download or read book Journal of Economic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Development Indicators 2010 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 800 indicators for more than 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 90 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. 'World Development Indicators 2010' presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts.
Download or read book Dead Aid written by Dambisa Moyo and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debunking the current model of international aid promoted by both Hollywood celebrities and policy makers, Moyo offers a bold new road map for financing development of the world's poorest countries.
Download or read book International Books in Print written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liberalization in the Process of Economic Development written by Lawrence B. Krause and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-09-23 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth in all developing countries is guided, and often accelerated, by generally intrusive policies implemented by governments intent on playing an active role in furthering development. As economies have grown and become more complex, however, even small market distortions are magnified, and the tendency is to rely more heavily on the market for continued growth. In this volume, leading experts in economic development examine the variety of issues that arise as governments in some of the newly industrializing countries of Southeast Asia, such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, grapple with this difficult process of liberalization. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
Download or read book Three Essays on Indian Agricultural Growth in the Post Green Revolution Period written by Mandar Prabhatkumar Jayawant and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Foreign Economic Liberalization written by Andras Koves and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking volume combines theories of economic liberalization with a wide variety of case studies from market and socialist economies. Internationally regarded scholars and Eastern European policymakers have collaborated to evaluate the dramatic economic changes taking place throughout the world. The opening essays contribute to the theoretical debate by showing that foreign economic liberalization goes beyond reducing import barriers to policies on investment, financial liberalization, convertability, and export promotion. Case studies compare successful and unsuccessful liberalization attempts world wide. The disintegration of the CMEA and the policy dilemmas facing Central and Eastern Europe are examined in great detail, as the authors explore the pitfalls and opportunities inherent in the transformation from a centrally planned economy. This up-to-date text will be invaluable for courses on the history and transformation of socialist economies, comparative economic systems, and international trade and investment.
