Download or read book Three Essays on the Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Firms Behavior and Performance written by Yifan Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis investigates the impacts of changes in the trading environment on the behavior and performance of exportingfirms and of firms that import intermediate inputs. The thesis consists of three essays. Each essay contributesboth a theoretical development and an empirical analysis, using large scaled micro data from multiple sources. Thefirst essay studies how increased import penetration of inputs affects firms’ optimal mark-up and industry concentration.A theoretical model is developed to show how firms, operating under monopolistic competition, may choose toincur a fixed cost of foreign sourcing in order to replace some domestically sourced input with more efficient foreignsubstitutes. It is shown that changes in variable trade costs not only affect firms’ importing decision but also thenumber and identity of firms in the market and ultimately markups and market structure. We find evidence of a positiverelationship between imported input penetration and markup: the average markup rises when import penetrationincreases following a reduction in trade costs. The second essay develops a two-stage theoretical model to investigatehow firms’ decision on the number of varieties to export (i.e., their export scope) depends on exchange rate volatilityand on other characteristics of the destination countries. In the model, in the first stage, multi-product firms decide ontheir optimal product scope (the number of varieties to be produced for exporting), incurring fixed investment costs.In the second stage, they decide on the export scope for each destination country, based on country-specific tradecosts and expectation of idiosyncratic exchange rate shocks. Firms reduce their export scope to destination countriesthat suffer negative demand shocks, but they cannot increase their export scope beyond the production scope that theyhave chosen in the first stage. Using Chinese customs transaction data, we are able to provide empirical evidence thatsupports the predictions of our theoretical model. The third essay studies the effect of foreign tariff reductions on the adjustment of average quality and export scope of multi-product exporting firms, using China’s firm-level microdata and highly disaggregated customs data from 2000 to 2006. We find that in response to tariff cuts in destinationcountries, exporting firms upgrade product quality and adjust export scope. Our finding provides a novel explanationof what the phenomenon called incomplete tariff pass-through. A fall in the tariff rate seems to be associated with anincrease in the tariff-inclusive prices, but this is because the price data has not been adjusted to reflect the increase inproduct quality"--

Download or read book On the Impact of Structural Reforms on Output and Employment written by Luiza Antoun de Almeida and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the effects of selected structural reforms on output and employment in the short and medium term. It uses a comprehensive cross-country firm-level dataset covering both advanced and emerging market economies over the period 2003-2014. In line with previous studies, it finds that structural reforms have in general a positive impact on output and employment in the medium term. Furthermore, the paper also assesses whether the impact of structural reforms varies with firm-specific characteristics, such as size, leverage, profitability, and sector. We find evidence that firm characteristics do influence the effectiveness of structural reforms. These findings have relevant policy implications as they help policymakers tailor the design of structural reforms to maximize their payoffs, taking into account their heterogeneous impact on firms.

Download or read book Structural Reforms and Economic Performance in Advanced and Developing Countries written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the impact on economic performance of structural policies-policies that increase the role of market forces and competition in the economy, while maintaining appropriate regulatory frameworks. The results reflect a new dataset covering reforms of domestic product markets, international trade, the domestic financial sector, and the external capital account, in 91 developed and developing countries. Among the key results of this study, the authors find that real and financial reforms (and, in particular, domestic financial liberalization, trade liberalization, and agricultural liberalization) boost income growth. However, growth effects differ significantly across alternative reform sequencing strategies: a trade-before-capital-account strategy achieves better outcomes than the reverse, or even than a "big bang"; also, liberalizing the domestic financial sector together with the external capital account is growth-enhancing, provided the economy is relatively open to international trade. Finally, relatively liberalized domestic financial sectors enhance the economy's resilience, reducing output costs from adverse terms-of-trade and interest-rate shocks; increased credit availability is one of the key mechanisms.

Download or read book Capital Account Liberalization written by Peter Blair Henry and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Writings on the macroeconomic impact of capital account liberalization find few, if any, robust effects of liberalization on real variables. In contrast to the prevailing wisdom, I argue that the textbook theory of liberalization holds up quite well to a critical reading of this literature. The lion's share of papers that find no effect of liberalization on real variables tell us nothing about the empirical validity of the theory, because they do not really test it. This paper explains why it is that most studies do not really address the theory they set out to test. It also discusses what is necessary to test the theory and examines papers that have done so. Studies that actually test the theory show that liberalization has significant effects on the cost of capital, investment, and economic growth"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Transition written by Simeon Djankov and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Incentives and Firm Behavior written by Min Jung Park and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000 written by Ben Bernanke and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2001-02-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NBER Macroeconomics Annual presents, extends, and applies pioneering work in macroeconomics and stimulates work by macroeconomists on important policy issues. Each paper in the Annual is followed by comments and discussion.

Download or read book Varieties of Capitalism written by Peter A. Hall and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying the new economics of organisation and relational theories of the firm to the problem of understanding cross-national variation in the political economy, this volume elaborates a new understanding of the institutional differences that characterise the 'varieties of capitalism' worldwide.

Download or read book Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.

Download or read book Globalization Trade and Poverty in Ghana written by Charles Ackah and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citing a paucity of empirical evidence on the poverty and distributional impacts of trade policy reform in Ghana as the main motivation for this volume, the editors (both of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the U. of Ghana) present eleven papers that combine theory and econometric analysis in an effort to assess linkages between globalization, trade, and poverty (including gendered aspects). Specific topics examined include manufacturing employment and wage effects of trade liberalization; the influence of education on trade liberalization impacts on household welfare; trade liberalization and manufacturing firm productivity; the impact of elimination of trade taxes on poverty and income distribution; food prices, tax reforms, and consumer welfare under trade liberalization; impacts on tariff revenues; and impacts on cash cropping, gender, and household welfare; Distributed in the US by Stylus. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Download or read book Does What You Export Matter written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Robert A. Rogowsky and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2001-05-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the often-expressed concerns about trade liberalization, the authors assess both the facts and common perceptions underlying the issues. Research shows that some popular concerns about trade are factually based, but others are less well supported or arise from apparent misunderstandings of the way international markets work. This form of presentation both highlights the current divergence of views and demonstrates the extent to which either new research or better public dissemination of existing research might lead toward greater consensus. The authors examine seven often-expressed concerns about trade liberalization to assess both the facts and common perceptions underlying the issues. • Trade's effect on manufacturing jobs • Trade's effect on wage and income inequality • Trade deficits • U.S. economic exposure to foreign-market instability • The threat to sovereignty • Trade's effect on the environment • Health and safety After briefly summarizing the concerns raised in each area, the authors review a large body of recent economic and legal literature. Plain statements by advocates of a particular position on an issue appear alongside discussion of more formal economic or legal analysis of the same issue. This form of presentation both highlights the current divergence of views and demonstrates the extent to which either new research or better public dissemination of existing research might lead toward greater consensus.

Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.

Download or read book Essays on Heterogeneous Firms in International Economics written by Konstantinos Costas Arkolakis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: