Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Child Labor and Child Education written by Kofi Acheampong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, which comprises three essays, studies the economics of child labor and child education using data from Ghana and Nigeria. The first essay investigates the effect of household shocks on child labor and school enrollment. I use data from a two-year panel data set of Nigerian households surveyed between 2010/2011 and 2012/2013. I find that agricultural shocks, measured as crop and livestock losses, increases child labor hours and decreases the probability that a child will enroll in school. I also find that health shocks to men increases child labor hours. In contrast, health shocks to women have no impact on child labor hours and school enrollment. The second essay studies the impact of parental health insurance enrollment on child labor and school enrollment. I use data from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey to examine if children living in households where parents are enrolled in the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) have better schooling and child labor outcomes compared with children living in households where parents are not enrolled in the NHIS. Using a propensity score matching and an instrumental variable estimation technique, I find that enrollment in the NHIS increases the probability that a child will attend school and decreases child labor hours. The third essay examines the factors that determine whether a child living in a cocoa growing household attends school only, combines school with work on the family farm, combines school with work outside the family farm, or is idle. I employ a three-stage sequential logit model estimation technique. The results indicate that parental education, poverty, household size, parental farm experience, age and gender of child are important variables that determine child labor and school enrollment.
Download or read book Three Essays on Economics of Education written by Ricardo Meilman Lomaz Cohn and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is composed of three essays on economics of education. The first chapter is co-authored with Ciro Avitabile and Jesse Cunha and investigates the medium-term impact of early-life welfare transfers on children's learning. It studies children who were exposed to the randomized controlled trial of the Mexico's Food Support Program (Programa de Apoyo Alimentario), in which households were assigned to receive cash, in-kind food transfers, or nothing (a control). The findings show that in-kind transfers did not impact test scores, while cash transfers led to a significant and meaningful decrease in test scores. An analysis of the mechanisms driving these results reveals that both transfers led to an increase in child labor, which is likely detrimental to learning. In-kind food transfers, however, induced a greater consumption of several key micronutrients that are vital for brain development, which likely attenuated the negative impacts of child labor on learning. The second chapter, jointly with Jane Friesen and Simon Woodcock, studies sorting, peer effects and school effectiveness under a universal voucher program. Using student-level longitudinal data for the population of students enrolled in private and public schools, we estimate a model of test scores that includes student effects, school effects and peer effects. Our results provide both the first estimates of the contribution of peer ability to private school effectiveness and a novel set of estimates of the effect of private school cream-skimming on the achievement of public school students under a mature voucher program. We find evidence of substantial sorting that contributes meaningfully to achievement at private schools via peer effects but has little effect on the average outcomes of those left behind in public schools. The third chapter investigates the effect of a policy-induced increase in public school competition on private school enrollment and budget outcomes. I exploit a natural experiment created by the introduction of an open enrollment policy that expanded public school choice opportunities and increased competitive pressure on private schools. Using a new data set constructed from mandatory nonprofit information returns and school enrollment records, I find that an increase in public school competition modestly reduces private school enrollment. Catholic school enrollment is most responsive to increased public school choice, whereas other private schools such as Christian and other faith schools experience no reduction in enrollment. The negative enrollment effects are concentrated among high school age students. I find no evidence that private schools respond to this increased public school choice by adjusting their revenue and spending choices.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education and Early Childhood written by Francisco Haimovich Paz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these essays, I study the long-term effects of education policies and birth order on educational and labor market outcomes. In my first chapter I study the long-term effects of one of the first early education programs in the US - the Kindergarten Movement (1890-1910). I collected unique data on the opening of public kindergartens across cities in the US during this period. I then link over 100,000 children living in these cities to subsequent Censuses where their adult outcomes can be observed. I find that kindergarten attendance had large effects on adult outcomes. On average, the affected cohorts had about 0.6 additional years of schooling and six percent more income (as measured by occupational score). These effects were substantially larger for second generation immigrant children. The effects of this early intervention are most likely due to language acquisition and the attainment of various "soft skills" early in childhood. The second chapter was co-authored with Maria Laura Alzua and Leonardo Gasparini, who directed the project. In this chapter, we study the long-term effects of an educational reform in Argentina. In the nineties Argentina implemented a large education reform that mainly implied the extension of compulsory education in two additional years. The timing in the implementation substantially varied across provinces, providing a source of identification of the causal effects of the reform. The estimations from difference-in-difference models suggest that the reform had a positive impact on years of education and the probability of high school graduation. The impact on labor market outcomes was positive for the non-poor youths, but almost null for the poor. In my third chapter I use US historical data to empirically test whether long-term birth order effects differ across the leading and lagging regions of the country in the Pre-War World II period. To do so, I create a large panel dataset by linking more than two million children across the 1920 and the 1940 full census counts, and to the World War II army enlistment records. I then study birth order effects on various long-term outcomes (with emphasis on educational outcomes). I find that in general, birth order effects are positive in the "developing" south--i.e. younger siblings do better than older siblings-- and negative in the relatively modern north, which is consistent with the available evidence from contemporary data for developed and developing countries. I then exploit state level variation to show that birth order effects are positively correlated with the share of rural population, child labor rates and negatively correlated with the level mechanization in agriculture. I also show that, regardless the state of birth, the effects tend to be larger for the poor. Finally, I complement the analysis by looking at birth order effects on earnings and adult height. While I find relatively similar results for earnings, I find no birth order effects on adult height, which suggests that we can rule out improvements in health or nutrition as the potential mechanisms behind the effects on education and labor outcomes.
Download or read book Three Essays on Child Labor International Trade and Economic Growth written by Mahmood Hussain and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peace Handbooks written by Great Britain and published by Scholarly Resources, Incorporated. This book was released on 1973-07-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Child Labour and Child Education written by Markus Ulrich Sauder and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Xuejuan Su and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Tong Geng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To expand our understanding of Children First, I first outline the key components of this education reform and review the literature on Children First and its associated policies. I also reassess the overall impact of Children First through the synthetic control method and find weak effects of this reform on student performance. Lastly, I provide an economic analysis to understand the advantages and weaknesses of Children First.
Download or read book Three Essays on Economics of Early Childhood Education written by Atsuko Muroga and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies also help shed light on gaps in our current knowledge and lay out future research agenda.
Download or read book Essays on Child Education Child Labor and the Agricultural Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor and Family Economics written by HwaJung Choi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Supply and Education written by Ali Murat Berker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics and the Economics of Education written by Brian Stacy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World of Child Labor written by Hugh D Hindman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The World of Child Labor" details both the current and historical state of child labor in each region of the world, focusing on its causes, consequences, and cures. Child labor remains a problem of immense social and economic proportions throughout the developing world, and there is a global movement underway to do away with it. Volume editor Hugh D. Hindman has assembled an international team of leading child labor scholars, researchers, policy-makers, and activists to provide a comprehensive reference with over 220 essays. This volume first provides a current global snapshot with overview essays on the dimensions of the problem and those institutions and organizations combating child labor. Thereafter the organization of the work is regional, covering developed, developing, and less developed regions of the world.The reference goes around the globe to document the contemporary and historical state of child labor within each major region (Africa, Latin and South America, North America, Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Oceania) including country-level accounts for nearly half of the world's nations. Country-level essays for more developed nations include historical material in addition to current issues in child labor. All country-level essays address specific facets of child labor problems, such as industries and occupations in which children commonly work, the national child welfare policy, occupational safety regulations, educational system, and laws, and often highlight significant initiatives against child labor.Current statistical data accompany most country-level essays that include ratifications to UN and ILO conventions, the Human Development Index, human capital indicators, economic indicators, and national child labor surveys conducted by the Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor. "The World of Child Labor" is designed to be a self-contained, comprehensive reference for high school, college, and professional researchers. Maps, photos, figures, tables, references, and index are included.
Download or read book Three Essays in Education and Labor Economics written by Jordan Dmitri Matsudaira and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Child Health written by Lenisa Vangjel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Child Labor and the Gender Wage Gap written by Feng Gao and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
