Download or read book Three Essays on Population Income and Distribution written by Hoi-Tak Philip Ng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Three Essays on Population, Income, and Distribution" by Hoi-tak, Philip, Ng, 吳凱特, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Three Essays on Population, Income, and Distribution submitted by Philip Hoi-Tak Ng for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in June 2006 Over the very long run, population, income and distribution are three very important variables affecting human economic history. This research examines their interrelationship across a long span of history. It is divided into three parts: Part I (Population and Income) In the preindustrial era, income was uniformly low and more evenly dis- tributed among ordinary people compared with the present day. The vicis- situdes of life then manifested themselves in the degree to which population changed. The Classical Growth model or the Malthusian model (CGM) is supposedly the workhorse model when economists try to understand the macrodemographic behavior of this period. But the literature is scattered and unorganized. We contribute by systematically surveying the current lit- erature and by providing a synthesis of different models. Our model encom- passing exercise reveals some interesting underlying behavioral mechanisms, such as the importance of technical change in driving population growth. The predictions from these models are then compared with real global and country-level population data from the past two millennia. We argue that the model which displays roughly constant income level and accelerating popu- lation growth best fits the data. Certain CGM models have achieved some success in this aspect. Part II (Income and Population) Entering the industrial era and the post world war period, the behavior of income and population experienced unprecedented and tremendous changes. For many countries, income embarked on sustained growth and the machine of demographic transition geared up. However there are many variations 1among economies concerning the behavior of income and population. One puzzling issue concerns the pace of population growth decline. The Barro- Becker model is employed to examine this issue and it is found that the model is unable to quantitatively account for the significant drop in popula- tion growth in Taiwan and South Korea. Modifications to the basic model to include technological catch-up are made in an attempt to improve the per- formance of the model. The augmented Barro-Becker model, under plausible parameter values, does improve on the basic Barro-Becker model, especially in fitting the output data. However, there is still room for improvement on its quantitative significance in explaining the pace of demographic transition. Part III (Income and Distribution) As total output or income expands, the distribution of income becomes ever more significant. How are the income growth and the inequality change related? We inspect a mechanism of inequality change which is different from the traditional sectoral shift mechanism of the Inverted-U Hypothesis in this part. Development is inegalitarian because advanced technology adoption is like a queue that favors rich and human-capital-abundant people. Thus higher growth is realized only gradually in an economy. A transitional pe- riod with an increase in inequality will follow. Furthermore, if the growth rate differential induced by technological differences is large, the increase in inequality will be very rapid. Lorenz dominance analysis is used to establish analytical results. Findings show that the above model is able to explain the ph

Download or read book Three Essays on Population Income and Distribution written by Hoi-tak Ng (Philip) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays Concerning the Optimal Income Distribution the Optimum Rate of Population Growth and Rawlsian Social Choice written by Gary Anthony Gigliotti and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Growth and Income Distribution written by Lisa Beth Tilis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Theory of Income Distribution written by Ignacio Zubiri and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Government Policy Labor Supply and Income Distribution written by Ximing Wu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Theory of Income Distribution written by Ignacio Zubiri Oria and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Income Distribution and Inequality Measurement written by Tsvetana Spasova and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Mobility and Income Distribution Dynamics written by Sean Hove and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in International Trade and Income Distribution written by Yoav Zeif and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Dynamics of Income Distribution written by Liming Cai and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Economic growth is a fascinating subject. It has been under increasingly close examination over the last decade from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. A growing portion of the literature has devoted its attention to the way economies (countries, states, regions, etc.) evolve over time. Many important questions have been brought up and addressed in numerous researches.

Download or read book Three Essays on Income Distribution written by Zhiyong Lin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Income Inequality written by Anjan Kumar Saha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contains three essays on income inequality. The underlying theme is to investigate the relationship of income inequality with political instability, economic growth, and financial development. To this end, the first study aims to explore the relationship of income inequality with political instability. Motivated by the observation that politically unstable countries tend to have wide income gaps, the study explores the possibility that major source of political instability is income inequality, which can be traced back to the history of early development across the globe. Using data for 95 countries, the estimates provide support for the notion that before 1500 CE early development of our ancestors, and after 1500 CE colonization, and evolution of institutions can explain today's income inequality, which subsequently affects political stability of a country. Irrespective of the subsamples used, the results confirm highly significant impact of unequal income distribution on political instability. The second study investigates the endogeneity between income inequality and economic growth, which seems to be impregnable in the literature. Motivated by Spolaore and Wacziarg's (2009) influential idea that genetic distance of population between countries puts barrier to the diffusion of development, this work constructs weighted average growth of other countries as instruments for economic growth that can explain inequality across the countries. The weights come from genetic and geographic distances between two countries. Income growth per capita is instrumented to find growth's impact on the top income shares first, and then the residuals of the regression are used as instruments for the top income shares to identify the net impact of top income shares on economic growth in the subsequent regressions. Using top income data of fourteen OECD countries for around hundred years, the estimates provide support to the view that growth reduces top income shares; however, top income shares in turn enhances economic growth. The third study explores the possibility of financial development as a major determinant of top income shares in the OECD countries. In a century long panel of time series data of top income shares and financial development, the work attempts to capture the impact of financial development on the income distribution of the top income strata. Couple of dynamic models has been used to check the robustness of our hypothesis in favour of financial development as a major source of rise in the top income shares. The results show that a one standard deviation rise in financial development, measured by private credit-GDP ratio, is associated with an increase of the top 1% income shares by around 0.3 standard deviation of its own. The effects are also robust to the other measures of top income shares.

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Demography written by Zeyu Zhang (Economist) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are three essays in my dissertation. The first essay examines the effect of participation in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program on the distribution of household labor supply. Receiving benefits from this subsidy program has two opposing effects on individual labor supply. Recipients have an incentive to work less since the subsidy program complements their job income. However, recipients also have an incentive to work more because the subsidy program covers part of their living costs thereby reducing the cost of working. This study examines the effects of the WIC program on the gender distribution of working hours in participating households by analyzing the importance of WIC program eligibility rules for household income. Results show that recipients respond to benefits differently: participating females work less while males work more. The second essay examines the impact of losing access to a government nutrition subsidy (the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program) on single mothers. Single mothers are more likely to find a partner if marriage or cohabitation as an outcome makes them feel economically safer and better off than they would feel as a single mother. This study uses the age of a household’s youngest child as a running variable. When the youngest child reaches five years of age their household is no longer eligible for WIC benefits. This loss of benefits represents an exogenous shock with which I can estimate the impact of losing WIC program benefits and its impact on single mothers. Results show that single mothers are more likely to cohabitate with males once they lose WIC program benefits because of this age restriction. The third essay is a descriptive analysis of marriage market behaviors and individual demographic behaviors. Its research question regards whether there is any correlation between changes in intra-racial marriage market conditions and individual cohabitation behaviors. To address this question I use a two-period marriage model to explore the relationship between cohabitation and marriage market conditions. Results show that for males, the individual probability of cohabitation and interracial cohabitation is positively correlated with sex ratio and negatively correlated with population in the marriage market. For females, the probability of cohabitation is positively correlated with sex ratio and population in the marriage market. Interracial cohabitation is negatively correlated with sex ratio in the marriage market.

Download or read book Three Essays on Population Health written by Jianwei Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Methodological Aspects of Integrating Population Planning Into General Economic Planning written by Donald Eilenstine and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Public Choice and the Provision of Public Goods written by Chih-Min She and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: