Download or read book Three Essays on modeling Household Food Purchase Behaviors written by Shengfei Fu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays investigating household food purchase behaviors, focusing on modeling household binary purchase choices and expenditure decisions. The findings reveal factors that are influential on the formation of healthy and/or unhealthy dietary choices and provide insights for producers, retailers, and public health policymakers. The first essay proposes a new estimator for multivariate binary response data, a data feature of growing interest in the study of consumer behavior. This study considers binary responses as being generated from a truncated multivariate discrete distribution. The new estimator is shown to have attractive properties through Monto Carlo simulations and empirical applications. Comparisons are made to the traditional multivariate probit model. Because multivariate binary response modeling is frequently required in areas such as marketing, household behavior, crop selection, and conservation practices, among others, findings are of interest to both econometricians and practitioners. The second essay investigates the effects of demographic and socio-economic factors as well as outmigration, a special issue in Poland, on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. This study takes advantage of second-hand survey data collected from a household panel by Poland's Main Statistical Office (GUS) that is not publicly available. Due to the addictive nature of tobacco and alcohol, this study uses a censored system to model the correlated consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Findings provide insights for the reduction and prevention of tobacco and alcohol use. The third essay provides a holistic profile of fresh produce choices and expenditures, including expenditure on fresh produce, frequency of purchase, variety of selection, and use of deals and coupons. A profile of consumers by consumer group was developed using 2014 Nielsen Homescan panel. This study intends to present a holistic picture of consumer disadvantage in terms of fresh produce consumption and take an all-inclusive approach so as to seek out commodities as well differences in fresh produce shopping behaviors across four consumer groups.

Download or read book The Allocation of Time and Goods written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers' shopping behavior connects market goods expenditure with the out-of-market time allocation in their daily time use. This study is composed of three essays. In the first essay, data are collected from the American Time Use Survey and it is found that an indvidual's time devoted to shopping is positively determined by opportunity cost of time. Grocery shopping and other shopping, as two distinct types of shopping, react differently to a series of individual and household characteristics as well as by seasons. The corresponding marginal effects also differentiate between shopping time, leisure time, and home production time. In regards to gender difference, females dominate in amount of shopping time, and males and females respond differently on change of time due to change in economic status. The second essay examines the demand for market goods as an important factor in the process of household production. The researcher analyzes food and non-food expenditures of households in the United States using the 2002 and 2003 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements. The results reveal the relationship between earned income and food purchased for home consumption, food purchased in restaurants, and non-food grocery goods purchases. It is found that expenditure for food to be consumed at home is related positively to income, while the share of total purchase devoted to home consumption is negatively related to income. Demographic variables and socioeconomic variables are found to play important roles in expenditure determination. In the third essay, a joint examination of shopping time and shopping expenditures is performed by merging the data from the researcher's time use study and expenditure study. The results of this paper show that shopping time and goods expenditure are related positively, so that the complementarities exist between grocery shopping time and grocery expenditure for American households.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economic Determinants of Household Meal Production and Eating Behavior written by Richard A. Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Demand Analysis with Food Spoilage written by Yunsi Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Essay One, "Demand for Perishable Foods: A Cost of Consumption Framework with Policy Implications", we challenge the convention of treating consumption and purchased quantities as identical even for food products that undergo substantial deterioration while in storage. We first prove a theorem that shows how decay processes can be incorporated into any existing demand system in a theoretically consistent way. Our method involves augmenting the prices in an existing neoclassical demand model with a function of shopping frequency and decay parameters. The augmented prices have the intuitively appealing interpretation of being 'consumption prices' which reflect the cost of consuming a unit of food. We apply this method to the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate household-level demand for foods that vary by their degree of perishability. Included composite goods include 'fresh fruit', 'fresh vegetables', 'non-fresh vegetables', 'meat', and miscellaneous food 'other'. We are able to directly estimate the quality-adjusted decay rates that rationalize observed household demands. We ask, does our framework perform better at estimating perishable food demand than 'naive' models that ignore perishability? Because our framework nests the 'naive' model, we are able to conclude that our framework performs better. We argue that our framework is well-suited for studies that inform public health policies which attempt to improve diets through improving access.Essay Two, "Measuring Consumer-Level Quality-Adjusted Food Loss: A Demand System Approach", extends the model developed in essay one by accounting for 1. the endogeneity of six variables including five shopping frequencies and total expenditure, and 2. household heterogeneity. Household heterogeneity is introduced using demographic translating to account for theoretical consistency. Necessary parameter constraints for economic regularity, namely, adding-up, zero-degree demand homogeneity in prices and income, and Slutsky symmetry, are imposed on the system of translated demand equations. Because of the highly non-linear form of the demand system, control functions (cf. instrumental variables) are used. We use our model results to infer the quality-adjusted food waste that rationalizes observed household market behavior to be around 55%.Essay three, "Store-Format Choice: A Competing Risk Approach", introduces a novel model of food retail store choice. The time since the last shopping trip is central to our competing risk framework. When a household shops, their clock starts, ticking down the time until they shop again. At each tick, they choose to shop at 'competing' store formats or may choose not to shop at all. The hazard functions of these choices, which fully characterize shopping probability distributions, are jointly estimated. This approach has many advantages over the multinomial logit models which dominate the store-format choice literature. First, we use the information of when the household does not shop. Second, by construction, shopping timing is accounted for in a way that avoids any possibility of endogeneity. Third, our non-parametrically estimated household-specific baseline hazard functions can take virtually any functional form. Indeed, we find that household hazard functions are bimodal, with households feeling increasing pressure to shop at all store formats until a peak around 7-10 days, feeling decreasing pressure until a nadir around 15-20 days, and increasing pressure thereafter. The peak at 7-10 days suggests that weekly schedules and perishable food shelf-lives strongly impel households to shop. The richness of our framework allows us to draw many other conclusions.

Download or read book Essays on Healthy Eating and Away from Home Food Expenditures of Adults and Children written by Benjamin Louis Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy eating and food away from home expenditures are gaining increasing notoriety within the U.S. These issues are not only a concern for businesses, but governmental policy makers have also shown interest in both increasing nutrition for children and better understanding the behaviors of those consuming food away from home. For this reason, a large amount of research has been devoted to better evaluating the effects of various governmental programs on nutrition, with an equal amount of work detailing which groups are eating away from home. The methodologies employed by past research have varied, as have the results and inferences that have been drawn. For this reason, we incorporated new methodologies, consistent with theory, in order to explain the effects of an important governmental program, National School Lunch Program, on childhood nutrition. We further established consumer profiles and the effects of transactional variables, previous away from home behavior, and decision structure on food away from home expenditures. In regards to the National School Lunch Program we found that meal nutritional quality is not higher for program participants, however, overall intake for most vitamins, minerals, and other dietary components is higher compared to non-participants that attend a school which participates in the program. The reason for increased intake is due to the increased consumption of food for participants, not due to food quality. Furthermore, comparing children that participate in the program to those attending schools that do not participate indicates that both quality and quantity are insignificantly different. Examination of blood levels and healthy eating measures indicates few differences among the treatment groups. Evaluating the effect of transactional variables and previous purchase behavior on food away from home expenditures by meal occasion indicates both play a significant role. Transactional variables consist of factors that are directly related to a meal, e.g. facility type, means of ordering, and age structure of meal participants. The effect of transactional variables is highly dependent on the variable being considered. Previous purchase behavior displays expected results with regards to past participation effects, however, past expenditure effects tended to increase spending on future meals with results being somewhat consistent across large meals. Transactional variables were also evaluated to determine their effect on food away from home expenditures by facility type. A new decision structure chronology was also implemented. Past research has focused on modeling the decision process as either a two or three-step process. The two-step structure is usually defined as the "participation at facility type" and "expenditure level" decisions, whereas the three-step structure is defined by the "participation," "facility type," and "expenditure level" decisions. We, however, propose a change to the three-step decision structure which we believe more adequately defines the decision chronology. We, therefore, model the three-step decision structure in the following order: "participation," "expenditure level," and "facility type." Results showed that both the new decision structure and transactional variables are important to the expenditure amounts and who is eating away from home at each facility type.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Competition Between National Brand and Private Label Food Products written by Eidan Apelbaum and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Consumers Purchasing Behaviour Under Risk and Uncertainty written by Chloe McCallum and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Rise of Supermarkets and Their Impact on Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Supply Chains in Kenya written by David Neven and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Influences for Meal Decisions written by Jonathan Veness Woodward and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation focuses on two relationships: how wages and the value of time influence the decisions to spend time preparing food and eating meals, and how government food subsidies affect the types of foods that children in a household eat. Although time spent preparing food and eating regular daily meals are both known to be important to health, past research has not made it clear how increased wages may affect those decisions. In the first essay, I develop a stylized model that illustrates how higher wages may reduce meal production time but have ambiguous effects on meal consumption time. I then examine relationships using time diary information from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) supplemented with wage information from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Using standard and censored regression models, analyses indicate that for meal production time, women experience a negative effect from wages on weekdays, as predicted by theory, and no effect on weekends. However, men show no weekday effect and a surprising positive effect of wages on weekends, suggesting that men with a high value of weekday time may substitute weekend meal production time for weekday time. Higher wages are associated with more meal consumption time for both men and women on weekdays and weekends, indicating that consumption time is a normal good. The second essay combines detailed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on eating behaviors with wages imputed using the CPS. These allow estimation of multivariate Probit and multiple Probit models for the probability that men and women will eat each of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks on weekdays and weekends. Increased wages are associated with increased probabilities of all three meals for both women and men on weekdays, with a significant effect for breakfast for men. However, on weekends, women with higher wages are less likely to eat all three meals, particularly dinner. Similarly, although higher wage men may still be more likely to eat breakfast and dinner on weekends, they are significantly less likely to eat lunch. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) appear to increase food consumption among households generally and among their intended beneficiaries, much less is known about whether they help other household members. The third essay {joint with David Ribar} uses 2002-2003 data from the second Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the relationship between households' participation in the SNAP, SBP, NLSP, and WIC and individual 10 - 17 year-old children's consumption of particular food items. Analyses indicate that WIC participation by others in the household is associated with a 22 percent increase in breakfast consumption of milk and a 16 percent increase in breakfast consumption of cereal for the children in the sample, while WIC is associated with a 13 percent decrease in toast consumption. Participation in school meals is also associated with increased consumption of some foods, particularly juice, fruit, and sweet snacks. Household SNAP participation is estimated to have positive associations with some foods but negative associations with others."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book The Effect of Food Price and Income Changes on the Acquisition of Food by Low income Households written by Harold Alderman and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1986 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Household Behaviour Prices and Welfare written by Ranjan Ray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays covers a diverse set of topics related to household behavior and welfare. Prices play a key role in several of the essays, particularly the distributional implications of price movements, and the effects of changes in relative prices on inequality and poverty. This book shows the shift in the literature on prices from being an exclusively macro topic featuring the study of inflation and cross-country comparisons to one that is firmly rooted in micro theory-based analysis of household behavior. It also includes recent developments in the poverty measurement literature, documenting the shift from the exclusively money metric and unidimensional poverty measures to multidimensional poverty encompassing a wider view of deprivation. Largely, but not exclusively, focusing on India, the book also features global comparisons of welfare. Intra country spatial comparisons along with cross country comparisons of household behavior and welfare feature in several of the essays in this book. The book also compares the effects of selected public delivery schemes in India on the health of its children. It is a useful resource for researchers and serves as reading material for advanced graduate courses on development in India and elsewhere.

Download or read book Three Essays on Consumers Preferences for Fresh Organic Produce written by Yuko Onozaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the U S Ready to eat Cereal Industry written by Chen Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poverty Food Consumption and Economic Development written by Maneka Jayasinghe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the relationships between economies of scale in food consumption and a number of socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households and household behavioural choices since food is the major share of household expenditure for poor households. The characteristics considered comprise household size, location, income, and gender of the head of household while the behavioural choices considered comprise the decision to consume home-grown food and the decision to adopt domestic technology to aid food preparation and consumption. The book proposes two theoretical models to rationalize the role of the consumption of home-grown food and the adoption of domestic technology in enhancing economies of scale in food consumption. Econometric models are also used to empirically test the validity of the two theoretical models while adjusted poverty estimations are derived numerically using the estimated equivalence scales. Although data used in applying these techniques are based on four Household Income and Expenditure Surveys conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) in Sri Lanka, the methodology can be used for similar analysis in relation to any other country.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Health written by Yleana Pamela Ortiz Arevalo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Economics written by Dale S. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agriculture Food and Health Changes in Industry Structure and Consumer Behavior written by He, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, almost every sector along the agrifood supply chain, such as production, processing, distribution, and retailing, has been characterized by increasing concentration, and this has raised concerns over the welfare of small farms and final consumers. For consumers, the significant external costs associated with unhealthy food consumption have also raised concerns about how to make people, especially those in low-income households, eat healthier. This dissertation explores two key issues in the U.S. agrifood sector: the changing market structure and the impact of public policies on consumers' healthy eating behavior. The first essay develops a model of firm behavior to generate testable predictions of how concentration in upstream agricultural production affects industrial concentration in the downstream food manufacturing sector. It then uses three independent identification strategies to quantify the causal effect of agricultural production concentration, using commuting zone-level data from the 1982 to 2012 Censuses of Agriculture. The first strategy uses weather-induced variation of agricultural concentration, the second strategy uses the variation of agricultural concentration caused by government payment programs, and the last strategy exploits a policy change that made oilseed eligible for government payments. I find that a more concentrated agricultural production sector leads to a significantly more concentrated food manufacturing sector: at the sample means, a 2.5% increase of the HHI of agricultural production leads to a 0.7% increase of the HHI of food manufacturing. The second essay (coauthored with Zhenshan Chen) investigates the impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on low-income households' diet quality. Based on data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), we find that SNAP does not affect diet quality. The mechanisms through which the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) affects diet quality are poorly understood. We develop a theoretical model that generates two effects of SNAP on diet quality: 1) a mental accounting effect, when households use SNAP benefits differently from cash income, and 2) a households healthy eating awareness effect throughout the SNAP benefit cycle. We find no evidence for the mental accounting effect that induces participants to treat SNAP benefits as healthy food money. However, the analysis validates a diet quality cycle in the sense that participants' healthy eating awareness declines throughout the SNAP benefit month. The third essay (coauthored with Rigoberto Lopez and Rebecca Boehm) investigates the impact of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on beverage choices by low-income households. We utilize household-level data on beverage purchases from 2013 to 2016 in 52 U.S. metropolitan areas in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states. Results from a triple-differences model, with nearly one million observations on purchases of seven beverage categories, indicate that Medicaid expansion resulted in eligible households buying more soda and fruit drinks and less bottled water. Results from a mixed-logit model, with nearly 17 million purchase observations at the household-brand level, indicate that Medicaid expansion led to overall increases in eligible households' purchases of and valuation of sugary beverages and a decrease in their price elasticities of demand. The unintended impacts found in these empirical results highlight the need to complement the benefits of Medicaid expansion with effective diet quality programs or to investigate nudges to improve the healthfulness of low-income household beverage choices.