Download or read book Three Essays on Housing Markets Urban Land Use and the Environment written by Jae-Wan Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is a highly urbanized nation. Today, with a growing number of people living in cities, a better understanding of how changes within urban areas impact the well-being of residents has important implications for policymakers and communities. The urban spatial structure of these cities is continually evolving, and in different ways across cities. This changing urban environment has substantial impacts on health and well-being. This dissertation takes a comprehensive view of social welfare from a policy perspective, including questions related to environmental degradation and public health, in order to scrutinize how urban gradients and urban spatial structures yield different consequences and affect residents in various ways. My first chapter explores how changing urbanization patterns in the United States influences air quality outcomes. Specifically, I seek to answer whether more compact forms of residential development result in better air quality relative to more sprawling patterns. I use spatially explicit data on air pollution and residential development, including over 6 million observations on new housing from tax assessment data, across large metropolitan areas to reveal a causal link between urban sprawl and air pollution from vehicle traffic. I find that compact cities experience a larger reduction in nitrogen dioxide and ozone compared with sprawling cities. In my second chapter, I explore the health benefits of urban green space. In order to better understand the impacts of urban green space on health outcomes, I examine the effects of city park area on mortality rates from cardiovascular disease among the elderly. I combine city park data with data on mortality rates, behavioral risk factors, and socioeconomic characteristics to conduct comparative case studies utilizing a synthetic control method. I select cities with significantly increased and reduced park area and examine how health benefits vary compared to cities where park area has not expanded. My results indicate that cities with increased park area experience a larger reduction in cardiovascular mortality for the elderly compared to their synthetic counterparts, although cities with reduced park area fail to show that there is a negative causal link between the reduction of parkland and cardiovascular mortality. In my third chapter, I study spatial variations in housing market resilience within and across U.S. metropolitan areas. I investigate how residential housing markets respond to the economic boom and bust periods before, during and after the Great Recession across urban, suburban, and exurban areas. Using over 15 million observations of housing sales across the largest 51 metropolitan areas of over one million population, this essay focuses on variations across census tracts to trace the path of housing prices at the neighborhood level. The results indicate that, relative to suburban and exurban areas, housing markets in urban areas were harder hit during the recession but recovered faster after the market crash. Urban and exurban housing markets within cities with high geographical restrictions fell to a similar extent during the bust. I also find that the West region was particularly volatile during this sample period.
Download or read book The Quality of the Urban Environment written by Resources for the Future and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1969 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban Redevelopment written by Nicholas Broc Irwin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my second chapter, I study the role a spatially targeted urban revitalization program in Baltimore, Maryland, has on neighborhood housing markets. Using a unique set of housing activity data coupled with neighborhood level data on demographics, the environment, and amenities, I exploit the implementation of the program, which created a preliminary list of neighborhoods to target for block-level vacant housing demolition and subsequently funded a selection of those neighborhoods to create a quasi-experimental model. My results show that neighborhoods receiving the program funding -- the treated group -- have a subsequently higher number of housing sales and housing renovations than the non-funded neighborhoods -- the control group -- but this effect only materializes when multiple projects receiving funding in a neighborhood. I also find that high levels of crime dampen the effectiveness of the program on neighborhood housing markets. In my third chapter, I focus on the role of spatial spillovers in the decision of individual homeowners to reinvest into their own housing stock. Using parcel level data from 2005-2008 in Baltimore, Maryland, I utilize a social interactions model to study the effect of previous neighboring renovations on the decision to renovate in the current period while controlling for underlying spatial correlation within the neighborhood. I find strong evidence of spatial spillovers in the renovation decision with an additional neighboring renovation increasing the likelihood of a renovation in the current period; results which are consistent across changing neighborhood size. The overall implications of my research are three-fold. Firstly, I find that the use of spatially explicit data, such as housing parcels, allows me to capture highly localized effects that introduce important sources of heterogeneity that would be overlooked without such data. Secondly, I find strong evidence that public policy creates spillovers that have the potential to generate positive multiplier effects that can magnify across broader spatial scales. Finally, I find that spatial relationships can be an important determinant on economic outcomes at both a parcel and neighborhood level.
Download or read book The Effect of Land Use and Environmental Controls on Housing written by Arthur P. Solomon and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Future Land Use written by Robert W. Burchell and published by Cupr/Transaction. This book was released on 1976-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Housing in the United States appears to be constantly in the throes of -crises.- The public perception of American domestic crises (including housing) does not reflect changes in real conditions as much as it reflects a cycle of heightened public interest followed by boredom with the issue in question. As one tries to envision the future of housing in the US, one must not develop a trend based upon the temporary vagaries of the moment. In this volume, the editors discuss the long-term elements that serve to define the matrix within which future housing markets must operate. Future Land Use depicts the underlying stability and consistency of American life; the long-term socio-demographic trends; the alternative living arrangements that seem to be emerging; the new attitudes toward urban growth and their legal manifestation; the limitations imposed by the environmental movement; the considerations imposed by a changing energy supply; and the dilemmas arising from the intersection of these trends and forces. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin conclude that despite changing conditions, the long-term dream of owning a single-family house will still be a goal for most Americans. In a society in which the drafting of a press release may be much more important than its content, in which banners are used as surrogates for reality, how do we all come to grips with weighing and evaluating the parameters that must be considered? The immediate topic of the papers and discussion in Future Land Use raises a challenge for popular government and a clash between immediate comfort and longer-range need.
Download or read book Boscan written by and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three essays on housing market and spatial disamenities written by Lin Cui and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling the Socio Economic Implications of Sustainability Issues in the Housing Market written by Solomon Pelumi Akinbogun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses sustainable housing issues in urban areas throughout the Global South, revealing their complexity in terms of urban dynamics, housing markets and human interactions with the environment. Its main focus is on the location of graves within private residences, cemeteries in the immediate vicinity of private residences, and the implications of these factors for renters’ choices and rents. The book addresses the economics of land use for graves in connection with housing choices and the implications for the rented sector of the property market. By means of several model-based simulations, it demonstrates that the neoclassical economics remedy to the negative externality of graves in or near private residences remains generally unacceptable. Providing readers with a clear understanding of tenants’ priorities in their choice of housing, as well as a new approach to the negative externality of graves in the rented sector, the book will be of interest to policymakers, urban planners, investors in residential housing and land economists alike.
Download or read book Land Use Regulations and Housing Supply written by Ralph Boone IV. McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a slumping housing market pushes a national economy towards recession, policy makers, investors and homeowners tend to focus their attention on federal regulation of housing finance. However, they have all but ignored the impacts of local and state regulations on the production of housing itself. This is surprising, since recent evidence suggests local and state land use regulations may play an important role in housing market efficiency (Mayer and Soerville, 2000; Glaser, Gyourko, and Saks, 2005). Furthermore, scholars have failed to reconcile opposing theories of land use regulations and housing supply, so consistent definitions of regulation and efficiency remain elusive. This dissertation will help reconcile the opposing theories of urban economics, political economy, and regional planning with the question: How do land use regulations effect housing markets? Do their impacts vary by scale? While these theoretical models yield radically different answers, most conclude that other regulatory approaches result in housing market inefficiencies. But with several perspectives and viewpoints, what are the fundamentals of various models? How well do models and theories portray real world markets? Which models should policy makers follow? This dissertation uses a three-paper approach to address these questions. The first paper, an integrative analysis, intimately examines the idea that land use regulations may have played a role in the emergence of the 2007 recession. Results financial deregulation and decentralization of land use in the 1980s set the stage for a large housing bubble and subsequent crash. Second, an empirical analysis examines local government regulation, competition, and housing construction in Southern California. Findings indicate that as cities permit more multifamily units, their neighbors permit less, suggesting that local regulations and intercity competition may inefficiently restrict certain housing types. The third paper analyzes the impacts of state regulation on housing growth in Maryland, and finds that it may increase multifamily housing in urban areas, but decrease in suburban and exurban areas. This suggests that cities in non-urban areas might view state regulatory incentives as a source of inefficient growth or public expenditures, and that "smart growth" programs have limited effectiveness.
Download or read book Urban Spatial Structure Housing Markets and Resilience to Natural Hazards written by Chun Il Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on urban structure, housing, and environment. The first paper contributes to the existing debate on the co-location hypothesis by devising a proximity measure and controlling for a set of other urban form measures. Multiple regression analysis revealed that job-worker proximity leads to shorter commuting time. In addition, results from subareas suggested that the impact of job-worker imbalance and the impact of job-worker mismatch on the commuting time are both greater in the suburb in comparison with the city center. The second paper examines the impact of the LIHTC construction on nearby housing prices in the Boston metropolitan area by using the AITS-DID method. The paper found that the price gap between the LIHTC micro-neighborhood and the area beyond is reduced by approximately 16.5 percent points after the LIHTC construction. The segmentation of the analysis by sub-region showed spatially heterogeneous results. The findings from this research are contrary to the conventional perception that subsidized housing developments lead to neighborhood decline persistently. Measuring resilience to natural hazards is a central issue in the hazard mitigation sciences. The third paper applied a confirmatory factor methodology to operationalize the biophysical, built environment, and socioeconomic resilience dimensions for local jurisdictions in large urban metropolitan areas in South Korea. The factor covariances showed a trade-off relationship between natural infrastructure and human activities. Densely developed and affluent urban areas tend to lack biophysical resilience. Some local governments, sorted into the same groups, turn out to be located in different metropolitan areas. The spatial variation and inequality in the resilience dimensions suggest the necessity of integrated and flexible governance for sustainable hazard mitigation.
Download or read book Essays in Environmental Transportation and Urban Economics written by Yuanning Liang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters studying environmental, transportation and urban challenges in both domestic and international settings. The first chapter "Do Safety Inspections Improve Safety? Evidence from the Roadside Inspection Program for Commercial Motor Vehicles" provides new insights to the study of regulatory enforcement and compliance by evaluating a key, long-standing national road safety regulation. I find that regulatory efforts to reduce public hazards are undermined when agents respond strategically to enforcement. I compile the most comprehensive database on inspections and accidents involving all 23 million trucks inspected nationwide from 1996 to 2018. Linking inspection and crash history using each truck's unique vehicle identification number, I implement an event study that tracks a given truck's accidents shortly before and after inspection. I find a sharp, 44.6% increase in the accident rate immediately following an inspection; the effect lasts for at least 14 days. Further analysis points to an explanation consistent with the Becker (1968) model: because inspectors rarely conduct repeat inspections of recently checked trucks, the drivers of these trucks then drive more carelessly and undertake fewer safety checks, leading to more frequent accidents following an inspection. These compensating behaviors lead to an estimated 1,803 additional accidents per year, costing roughly $1.6 billion. A comparison of different regulatory designs across states shows that alternative policy designs that randomize inspection practices and schedules could reduce accidents. In addition to evaluating regulatory impacts on human lives, in the second chapter, I find that environmental regulations nominally aimed at humans can also provide substantial benefits to other species. In my co-authored article, we provide the first large-scale evidence that air pollution, specifically ozone, is associated with declines in bird abundance in the United States. We analyze bird observations derived from over 11 million eBird checklists. The empirical challenge which I contribute to solving is to model the change in relative bird abundance after adjusting for observer efforts and bird detectability. I then combine the bird observations with data on air pollution and weather. We show that the US Environmental Protection Agency NOx Budget Trading Program, an air quality regulation which limits ozone precursors, delivered substantial benefits to bird conservation. Our estimates suggest that air quality improvements over the past four decades have stemmed the decline in bird populations, averting the loss of 1.5 billion birds, approximately 20 percent of current totals. This suggests that further improvements in air quality could meaningfully contribute to efforts to halt or reverse widespread declines in wildlife populations. The third chapter focuses on the role of financial market frictions in limiting consumption amid fast-rising housing prices in urban China. My co-authors and I use the universe of bank card transaction data in China to measure the impact of housing price changes on household consumption during the most recent housing boom. We show that there is a negative consumption response to housing price increases. The result is driven by the combination of a strong investment incentive in housing and heavy borrowing constraints faced by households. This finding is corroborated by the fact that households increase their savings as housing prices increase. I wrote a theoretical model to explain the channels at work, and proposed the use of lagged land sales as an instrumental variable for housing price. Our paper documents patterns that are in sharp contrast to those in the existing literature focused predominantly on the US; and we highlight the importance of taking into consideration capital market imperfections faced by households in developing countries and emerging markets.
Download or read book The New Urban Economics written by H.W. Richardson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 1977. Urban economics is a relatively young field of economics; hardly existing except perhaps in real estate and land economics curricula-before the 1960s. Within the last few years, especially after 1 971, there has been a growth of interest in urban economic theory, strong enough even to attract the attention of general economic theorists. These new theoretical writings have been named the 'New Urban Economics'-NUE for short. The aim of this monograph is to survey and assess NUE, to evaluate its contribution to urban economics, to offer a few extensions and to say something about the future direction of the subfield.
Download or read book Urban Mass Transportation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rethinking Rental Housing written by John Gilderbloom and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, almost daily media attention has been focused on the plight of the homeless in cities across the United States. Drawing upon experiences in the U.S. and Europe, John Gilderbloom and Richard Appelbaum challenge conventional assumptions concerning the operation of housing markets and provide policy alternatives directed at the needs of low- and moderate-income families. Rethinking Rental Housing is a ground-breaking analysis that shows the value of applying a broad sociological approach to urban problems, one that takes into account the basic economic, social, and political dimensions of the urban housing crisis. Gilderbloom and Appelbaum predict that this crisis will worsen in the 1990s and argue that a "supply and demand" approach will not work in this case because housing markets are not competitive. They propose that the most effective approach to affordable housing is to provide non-market alternatives fashioned after European housing programs, particularly the Swedish model. An important feature of this book is the discussion of tenant movements that have tried to implement community values in opposition to values of development and landlord capital. One of the very few publications on rental housing, it is unique in applying a sociological framework to the study of this topic.
Download or read book Essays on housing supply land use regulation and regional labourmarkets written by Wouter Vermeulen and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Civil Society in Action written by and published by IIED. This book was released on 2001 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies written by David F Clapham and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-disciplinary and critical in its approach, The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies is an elucidating look at the key issues within the field. It covers the study of housing retrospectively, but also analyses the future directions of research and theory, demonstrating how it can contribute to wider debates in the social sciences. A comprehensive introductory chapter is followed by four parts offering complete coverage of the area: Markets: examines the perception of housing markets, how they function in different contexts, and the importance of housing behaviour and neighbourhoods Approaches: looks at how other disciplines - economics, geography, and sociology - have informed the direction of housing studies Context: traces the interactions between housing studies and other aspects of society, providing context to debate housing through issues of space, social, welfare and the environment. Policy: is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive take on the major policy issues and the causes and possible solutions of housing problems such as regeneration and homelessness. Edited by leading names in the field and including international contributions, the book is a stimulating, wide-ranging read that will be an invaluable resource for academics and researchers in geography, urban studies, sociology, social policy, economics and politics.
