Download or read book Three Essays on Globalization and Innovation written by Daewoong Choo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is a key variable associated with technological change. This dissertation examines not only the correlation between globalization and innovation, but also the interacting effect of globalization with firm-specific variables on innovation and performance. Essay 1: Why Do Some Countries Hardly Innovate? Evidence from Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Model The patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) indicate that among 175 countries, between 1977 and 2010, about 45% hardly generated any innovations. We argue that this group of countries is systematically different from the others who have been innovative, and that non-innovative countries need to possess a minimum level of ability and incentive in order to progress. By employing a zero-inflated negative binomial model based on the patent data from the USPTO, the results show that the significant determinants turning a non-innovative country into an innovative one are active international trade, improved quality of civil liberties, a high level of human capital, and less economic reliance on natural resources. Essay 2: Two Different Effects of R & D on Innovation in South Korea: Evidence from The Firm Level Data At the firm level, innovation can be made through two different effects of research and development (R & D), which are the creative effect and the learning effect. It should be noted that export activities can offer an important source of learning--as important as foreign direct investment (FDI)--and may be exceptionally meaningful for firms in countries with export-oriented economies. Using longitudinal firm-level data for the period of 2000-2009 in South Korea, empirical tests show that the creative effect of R & D is far more important than the learning effects through export and FDI in generating innovation. Essay 3: The Dynamic Relationship between Female Employment and Firm Profitability: A Three-Stage Sigmoid Curve Model and the Influence of Export Female workers are sources of competitive and intangible assets that can enhance a firm's profitability. I present arguments that the correlation between gender diversity and organizational performance needs to be investigated in terms of more complex corporate circumstances. Empirical analyses of longitudinal firm-level data from South Korea for 2000-2009 show that a firm's female workers are more positively related to a firm's profitability when the firm actively exports. In addition, the results demonstrate a sigmoid curve relationship between female workers and profitability.
Download or read book In Search of Opportunities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financial Innovation Globalization and Instability written by Edwin T. Dickens and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Innovation Technology Diffusion and Globalisation written by Anthony Swan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I explore the implications of an increasingly integrated world economy on production patterns, levels of innovation activity and technology diffusion, and welfare across countries in a series of three essays. First, I analyse the gains from openness to international trade and multinational production (MP) across countries in a general equilibrium framework where innovation activity and technology are endogenously determined. The gains from openness to trade and MP implied by the calibrated model are in general much larger than the gains previously reported in the literature, reflecting productivity gains from inward MP, additional profits to multinationals and their affiliates around the world from outward MP, and the benefits of specialisation across production and research activities. Second, I examine the role of international trade in spreading the benefits of technology embodied in machinery and equipment around the world and the contribution of different country characteristics that promote or inhibit these benefits. The results explain why the International Comparison Program's data on equipment prices tend not to fall with levels of development across countries. Third, I examine the empirical relevance of Rybczynski effects, skills biased technical change, and increased global production sharing in explaining Israel's adjustment to immigration of Russian Jews in the 1990s. My findings provide new evidence that all three mechanisms played an important role in Israel's adjustment. The conclusions of this thesis suggest that the gains from participating in a global economy are potentially large but depend in large part on the extent to which the benefits of technology are spread around the world, which in turn depends on geography and other country characteristics. -- provided by Candidate.
Download or read book Three Essays on Globalization written by Rolf Leppänen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Globalization and Sustainable Development written by Emma Kate Aisbett and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final essay in this dissertation considers the optimal design of investment agreements using the investment chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) as an example. NAFTAs investment treaty has led to several expropriation compensation claims from investors hurt by new environmental regulations. Expropriation clauses in international treaties solve post-investment moral hazard problems such as hold-ups. However, these clauses can interact with National Treatment clauses in a manner that hinders investment. A police powers carve-out from the definition of expropriation can be Pareto-improving and can increase the level of foreign investment.
Download or read book Essays on Globalization and Innovation written by Nevine El-Mallakh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contributes to the literature in International Economics and Innovation Economics. In the first chapter, by documenting new complementarity effects of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) openness and the reduction of tariff barriers on imports of intermediate goods on domestic firm productivity resulting in a transfer of input-related knowledge that allows domestic firms to reduce their transaction cost and/or to import better quality inputs. Using firm-level Indian data spanning the liberalization episode in the early 1990s, findings of a Difference-in-Differences identification strategy relying on the exogenous reforms show the existence of this described spillover effects. Furthermore, in chapter 2, technology improvement effects in terms of technological investments are identified. By extending a heterogenous firm model to explain such effects, two types of spillovers caused by the exposure of domestic firms to multinational firms in terms of investments in technology are identified: vertical and horizontal. Finally, in the last chapter, a unique inventor patent dataset for 33 OECD countries is use to estimate the effect of technological advancements, in particular, the fall in broadband Internet price on the geographic distribution of innovative activities that materialize in patents at city-technology level. The fall in quality-adjusted price of ICT increases the dissemination of knowledge and data. It also strengthen the intensity of remote interactions. Results show an increase in the concentration of patenting activities in top cities suggesting a path-dependence and Marshallian-type spillovers.
Download or read book Three Essays on Interrelated Aspects of Globalization written by Nilanjan Banik and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Globalization and Economic Development written by Benjamin Faber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do falling barriers to flows of trade and information both within and across countries affect economic livelihoods in developing countries? The three chapters presented in this PhD thesis aim to contribute to our understanding of this question.
Download or read book Three Essays on Globalization Agglomeration and Labor Market Inequality written by Vanessa N. Strauss-Kahn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globalization of Technology written by Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Download or read book Technology Innovations and Economic Development written by Lakhwinder Singh and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a fresh perspective to the ongoing debate on the core themes of development economics. This book, in honour of Robert E. Evenson, brings together diverse, yet interrelated, areas of innovations such as agricultural development, technology and industry while assessing their combined roles in developing an economy. Thematically structured, it covers innovation and economic development; technological progress and agricultural development; and technology transfer, national innovation systems and industrial development. With essays addressing the significant aspects in development economics, it offers a unique contribution in terms of focusing on problems from the perspective of developing economies.
Download or read book At the Crossroads written by Jane Kelsey and published by Bridget Williams Books. This book was released on 2002 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Zealand stands at the crossroads: there are crucial choices facing the country's government and its people. This is a book about what we were promised, where we are now, and what might yet be- a book intended to provoke discussion about New Zealand's future.
Download or read book Trade Technology and Capital Flows written by Gisela Maria Sobral Pinheiro Tavora Rua and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays about two interconnected aspects of globalization: global trade integration and global imbalances. The first two essays focus on containerization, a technology that played a pivotal role in twentieth century global trade integration. Containerization, an intermodal system of door-to-door shipping, replaced traditional breakbulk methods of shipping and enabled the swift movement of cargo across the world. In the first essay, I present evidence on the historical evolution of containerization. For that purpose, I constructed a comprehensive dataset with information on the timing and intensity of adoption of containerization for 147 countries. I find that adoption moves in an S-shaped pattern, while usage moves more slowly and linearly. Additionally, I identify four stages in the historical diffusion of containerization, based on my data analysis and on historical and anecdotal sources: innovation and early adoption (1956--1965), internationalization (1965--1974), worldwide adoption and intensification of use (1975--1983), and late adoption and growth of usage (1984--2008). These findings guide the construction of a theoretical framework for understanding the determinants of adoption and usage of containerization. The theoretical model focuses on firms' choices between two transportation technologies (containerization and breakbulk) and on the decision by the country's transportation sector to construct, maintain and operate a container port (adoption). Changes in fixed costs and network effects generate the patterns observed in the data. In the second essay, I investigate the determinants of adoption and usage, using a two-step procedure which is derived from the theoretical model presented in the previous essay. The empirical results, which are consistent with the theoretical predictions, show that fixed costs and network effects are the main determinants of usage of containerization. Fixed costs affect containerized trade as a result of the spread of leasing companies and changes in the domestic transportation network. Network effects operate through network size, network usage, and network income. With regards to adoption, my results show that expected future usage of containerization, institutions, a country's size in terms of trade and geographical area, and trade with Australia and the United Kingdom are the main determinants. Trade with the United States, surprisingly, has no effect. In the third essay, co-authored with Barry Eichengreen, I turn to the other aspect of globalization, global imbalances. First, we extend the two-country model presented in Obstfeld and Rogoff (2007). and investigate the exchange-rate implications of several rebalancing scenarios. We find that it matters tremendously how many countries are on the other side of the US current account adjustment; whether surplus countries like China, as they continue to grow, concentrate their investment in productive capacity in traded or nontraded goods; and the nature of structural reforms that change spending patterns in the US and abroad. Second, we investigate the likelihood of a sustained reduction in global imbalances. While previous literature has provided evidence on the circumstances under which large deficits come to an end, we add evidence on how chronic current account surpluses are also eliminated. We find that large current account surpluses tend to be eliminated when they have been allowed to rise previously to exceptionally high levels, when the economy doing the reducing is less open (smaller political resistance to resource allocation), when an earlier period of rapid growth comes to an end (presumably both moderating the rate of growth of the capacity to produce tradable goods and rebalancing demand toward domestic goods), after reductions in budget surpluses, and in the case of oil-exporting economies, when oil prices are unusually low.
Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Download or read book The Triple Helix written by Henry Etzkowitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the key to innovation in increasingly knowledge-based societies. As the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge moves from the periphery to the center of industrial production and governance, the concept of innovation, in product and process, is itself being transformed. In its place is a new sense of 'innovation in innovation' - the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational arrangements and incentives that foster innovation. This triple helix intersection of relatively independent institutional spheres generates hybrid organizations such as technology transfer offices in universities, firms, and government research labs and business and financial support institutions such as angel networks and venture capital for new technology-based firms that are increasingly developing around the world. The Triple Helix describes this new innovation model and assists students, researchers, and policymakers in addressing such questions as: How do we enhance the role of universities in regional economic and social development? How can governments, at all levels, encourage citizens to take an active role in promoting innovation in innovation and, conversely, how can citizens so encourage their governments? How can firms collaborate with each other and with universities and government to become more innovative? What are the key elements and challenges to reaching these goals?
Download or read book Three Essays in Applied Econometrics with Applications to International Trade and Finance written by Patrice Whitely and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
