Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Issues in Brazil written by Essence Hales and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research develops three essays on environmental issues in Brazil. The first two essays look at the effects of rural credit and land-use change in Brazil. Previous economic models have come to the conclusion that rural credit loans extended to farmers increases deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region by encouraging land expansion. The first essay is an analysis of deforestation in the Legal Amazon region. The paper uses municipality-level panel data to examine the effects of rural credit on deforestation while controlling for land constraints. The hypothesis is that farmers that are land constrained do not use rural credit to deforest. The land constraints that are considered include high population pressures, abundance of low quality soil, high areas of savannah, and low quality transportation networks. These constraints are included in a regression analyses to explain deforestation through the use of dummy variables and the interaction of the dummy variables with rural credit. Key findings suggest that credit in municipalities with high rural populations is associated with a decrease in deforestation. Credit in municipalities with low quality soil is associated with an increase in deforestation, suggesting the credit incentivizes the clearing of otherwise marginal land. No conclusions can be made about the effects of cerrado and poor transportation networks.
Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental and Development Economics written by Solène Masson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deforestation in Brazil has been a growing phenomenon since the 1970s', whose acceleration is mainly due to the agricultural expansion and infrastructure development such as roads. In order to reduce incentive to deforest, authorities promoted several sets of environmental conservation programs.Understanding the effects of such policy interventions both on environmental (intensity of deforestation, economic mechanisms) and socio-economic issues (effect on poverty, effect on local population development) is essential if public policies are to be put in place in an efficient way.Nevertheless, access to spatial, economic and social data due to the size of the Brazilian Amazon makes impact evaluation challenging. This thesis is organized around two themes: spatial analysis, impact evaluation analysis. The creation of an original database at an aggregation level that is, as far as we know, very little studied allows us to extend research on both environmental and socio-economic analyses of environmental public policies.
Download or read book The Ecopolitics of Development in the Third World written by Roberto Pereira Guimarães and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equally a study of the ecological foundations of political systems and an analysis of how a particular Third World political system, Brazil's, addresses environmental issues, this book explores the institutional and political dimensions of environmental problems in developing countries. Roberto Guimaraes discusses the theoretical linkage between ecology and political science, presents a historical analysis of those linkages in Brazil, and looks at the structure for environmental policy formation and implementation in Brazil through a case study of the Special Secretariat for the Environment (SEMA).
Download or read book Narratives of Environmental Challenges in Brazil and India written by Zélia M. Bora and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narratives of Environmental Challenges in Brazil and India: Losing Nature is comprised of research on the representation and interrogation of environmental issues in both subcontinents, Brazil and India.
Download or read book Stockholm Rio Johannesburg written by André Aranha Corrêa do Lago and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Aldemaro Romero and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of readings that explore environmental issues in Latin America and the Caribbean using natural science and social science methods. These papers demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary approaches to analyze and solve environmental problems. The essays are organized into five parts: conservation challenges; national policies, local communities, and rural development; market mechanisms for protecting public goods; public participation and environmental justice; and the effects of development policies on the environment.
Download or read book Essays on Externalities and Agriculture in the United States and Brazil written by Maria Susannah Bowman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these three essays collectively entitled "Essays on Externalities and Agriculture in the United States and Brazil", I discuss three topics. In the first essay, I review the economic literature on diversification in farming systems and comment on the economic incentives and disincentives for diversification in 21st century agriculture. In the second essay, I focus on deforestation in Brazil, which is an externality associated with the expansion of agricultural production at forest frontiers. Using a natural experiment (changes in international Foot-and-Mouth Disease certification), I identify the portion of annual deforestation that can be attributed to changes in disease status, and suggest that the mechanism for new deforestation may be due to increased prices when beef is considered to be safe for export. In my third essay, I discuss the production economics behind the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in U.S. pork and poultry production, and comment in detail on the potential for heterogeneity in the returns to antibiotic use (and costs of regulation). A more detailed summary of each essay follows. Chapter 1: Economic Factors Affecting Diversified Farming Systems In response to a shift toward specialization and mechanization during the 20th century, there has been momentum on the part of a vocal contingent of consumers, producers, researchers, and policy makers who call for a transition toward a new model of agriculture. This model employs fewer synthetic inputs, incorporates practices which enhance biodiversity and environmental services at local, regional, and global scales, and takes into account the social implications of production practices, market dynamics, and product mixes. Within this vision, diversified farming systems (DFS) have emerged as a model that incorporates functional biodiversity at multiple temporal and spatial scales to maintain ecosystem services critical to agricultural production. This essay's aim is to provide an economists' perspective on the factors which make diversified farming systems (DFS) economically attractive, or not-so-attractive, to farmers, and to discuss the potential for and roadblocks to widespread adoption. The essay focuses on how a range of existing and emerging factors drive profitability and adoption of DFS, and suggests that, in order for DFS to thrive, a number of structural changes are needed. These include: 1) public and private investment in the development of low-cost, practical technologies that reduce the costs of production in DFS, 2) support for and coordination of evolving markets for ecosystem services and products from DFS and 3) the elimination of subsidies and crop insurance programs that perpetuate the unsustainable production of staple crops. This work suggests that subsidies and funding be directed, instead, toward points 1) and 2), as well as toward incentives for consumption of nutritious food. Chapter 2: Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon released approximately 5.7 billion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere between 2000 and 2010, and 50-80% of this deforestation was for pasture. Most assume that increasing demand for cattle products produced in Brazil caused this deforestation, but the empirical work to-date on cattle documents only correlations between cattle herd size, pasture expansion, cattle prices, and deforestation. This essay uses panel data on deforestation and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) status--an exogenous demand shifter--to estimate whether changes in FMD status caused new deforestation in municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon and cerrado biomes during the 2000-2010 period. Becoming certified as FMD-free caused annual deforestation to be 42% to 85% higher than deforestation rates in infected municipalities, on average, during the 2000-2010 period. Chapter 3: Potential for heterogeneity in the returns to sub-therapeutic antibiotics in U.S. pork and poultry operations Each year, more than 50,000 people in the U.S. die from hospital-acquired bacterial infections, millions experience episodes of foodborne illness, and reported cases of "superbugs" such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are on the rise. For those who acquire a resistant infection in their food, in their community, or in a hospital, resistance is associated with a longer duration of treatment, the use of more potent antibiotics, and longer hospital stays. This, in turn, means increased health care costs and costs to society due to antibiotic-resistant infections. Antibiotic resistance is contributing to the scope and severity of this health care crisis, and at least some of the responsibility for antibiotic resistance sits on the shoulders of industrial livestock production. In livestock operations, low or sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics (STAs) are used to promote growth, in addition to their use to prevent and control disease. Today, more antibiotics are used in livestock production and the production of milk and eggs than in humans. While the use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics is regulated less stringently in the United States than in the European Union, there is movement toward and potential for such regulation. Beginning in the 1970s, economic researchers began to study the potential impacts of bans on the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics on the pork, poultry, and beef sectors and on U.S. consumers, but there has been little study of how heterogeneity impacts antibiotic use, and in turn, how it impacts returns to using antibiotics in U.S. livestock operations. I concentrate on U.S. pork and poultry operations since they are the largest users of sub-therapeutic antibiotics by volume in the U.S., and explore the existing literature on the economics of sub-therapeutic antibiotic use for glimpses of heterogeneity in the returns to antibiotic use. Perhaps the most interesting source of heterogeneity in returns to antibiotic use may be heterogeneity in management and/or the use of potential substitutes for antibiotics, such as improved sanitation practices and more modern facilities. Productivity and use of technologies that substitute for STA use vary amongst producers, and likely by region and farm size. Thus, the marginal abatement costs of reducing STA use vary across industries, producers, production systems, and regions.
Download or read book Three Essays in Search of a Conversation written by Sherman Lewis and published by Hayward Area Planning Association. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays are for Americans concerned about the future of our country and for policy wonks. By and large, the political process is controlled by those who take an intertest in politics, large in number but small as a percent of population. Are you a member of the political class? Membership is voluntary. Our first 800 years of thinking: science culture and empathy from the Enlightenment ~1600 to ~ 2400 The Crisis of the Anthropocene: The most comprehensive description of all issues of the crisis in less than 100 pages. For the purpose of going through your mind to influence your brain. Musings on our Present Discontent: America, not advanced, not a democracy. Right to life for baby; right to choose for mom. Taxation. The security of a free state. Issues not discussed. The threat from within, Trumpism. The threat from without: Putinism. How to participate. Renewal.
Download or read book Civil Society in Action written by and published by IIED. This book was released on 2001 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Narratives of Environmental Challenges in Brazil and India written by Zélia M. Bora and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narratives of Environmental Challenges in Brazil and India: Losing Nature, edited by Zelia Bora and Murali Sivaramakrishnan, contextualizes the two subcontinents of India and Brazil and closely examines environmental issues from within and without. This collection focuses largely on the fate of forests and water in these two geographical terrains. This book explores narratives that reflect transformations: hitherto unprecedented demographic expansions, exploitation of natural resources, pollution and depletion of river and fresh water sources, uncontrollable demands on the energy front, waste and garbage disposal, drastic reduction of biodiversity. All of these are factors to research when one considers “losing nature.” In philosophical as well as theoretical terms the question of what is nature, what is gained and lost in human-nature interaction, what is the essential “balance” of nature, are all important queries on a similar scale. Societal reality in present day Brazil and India is reconstructed and deconstructed at will by the powerful influence of the past alongside that of globalization and technocratic market structures. The volume contemplates the representation and interrogation of environmental issues in both subcontinents, Brazil and India.
Download or read book Energy Transformation towards Sustainability written by Manuela Tvaronaciene and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Transformation towards Sustainability explores how researchers, businesses and policymakers can explore and usefully improve energy systems and energy consumption behavior, both to reflect the reality of climate change and related environmental degradation and to adapt to the expanding periphery of renewable energy technologies. It introduces the reader to a suite of potential policy pathways to the necessary transformation in societal energy consumption, usage and behavior. Solutions discussed include energy efficiency, energy security, the role of political leadership, green public policy, and the transition to renewable energy sources. International contributions address the range and depth of current research from a position of advocacy for 'energy stewardship' as the driver of this transformation. Case studies illustrate the range of various countries to diminish energy use. Finally, policy avenues are covered in depth. Reviews the interrelationship between economic growth, energy consumption and climate change Uses a wide variety of case studies to support practical implementation across national energy systems Highlights a wide spectrum of urgent issues, including threats related to energy use and secure and sustainable development Contains contributions that reflect a breadth and depth of scholarship from international backgrounds
Download or read book Big Water written by Jacob Blanc and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A transnational approach to the history of a key Latin American border region"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book The Natural World in Latin American Literatures written by Adrian Taylor Kane and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Popol Vuh to postmodernism, imagery of the natural world has played an important role in Latin American literature. In contrast to the rise of ecocritical scholarship in Anglophone literary studies, Latin American literary ecocriticism has been slower to take root. This volume of eleven essays seeks to advance the ecocritical conversation among Latin Americanists, furthering insight into the relationship between humans and their environments. The essays address regions as diverse as Patagonia and the Chihuahua Desert.
Download or read book Tropical Rainforests written by Susan E. Place and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2001 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging awareness of the plight of the rainforests of Central and South America has catapaulted this issue to the forefront of global environmental concerns. As understanding has increased, so has the contention between the various groups that have a stake in the forest. Developers, environmentalists, governments and the landless poor whose livelihood depends on the rainforest all have contributed to the debate on how to address this problem.
Download or read book Environmental Economics and Computable General Equilibrium Analysis written by John R. Madden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses major issues such as a growing world energy demand, environmental degradation due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and risk management of disastrous events such as pandemics, abnormal climate, and earthquakes. Using cutting-edge analytical tools, particularly computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling, the analyses are focused on a very wide range of policy-relevant economic questions for the Asia-Pacific region, especially for Japan, China, India, Vietnam, and smaller nations, including Brunei, Timor Leste, and Fiji. The first part considers (a) the effects of climate change on agriculture sectors, energy policies, and future GHG emission trends, (b) adaptation to climate changes in energy policy and its impacts on the economies, and (c) risk management of catastrophic events such as global pandemics. The second part examines (a) energy environmental issues, (b) economic impacts of natural disaster and depopulation, and (c) effects of informatics development on risk management, using CGE modelling and other methods in regional science fields. Contributors are internationally active leading CGE modellers and environmental economists. The book should be greatly beneficial for scholars and graduate students as well as policy makers who are interested in the economic effects and management of risks relating to climate change and disastrous events.
Download or read book A Living Past written by John Soluri and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though still a relatively young field, the study of Latin American environmental history is blossoming, as the contributions to this definitive volume demonstrate. Bringing together thirteen leading experts on the region, A Living Past synthesizes a wide range of scholarship to offer new perspectives on environmental change in Latin America and the Spanish Caribbean since the nineteenth century. Each chapter provides insightful, up-to-date syntheses of current scholarship on critical countries and ecosystems (including Brazil, Mexico, the Caribbean, the tropical Andes, and tropical forests) and such cross-cutting themes as agriculture, conservation, mining, ranching, science, and urbanization. Together, these studies provide valuable historical contexts for making sense of contemporary environmental challenges facing the region.
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Céline Ferré and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
